Staphylococcus Species

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Cytolytic toxins

A,B, Y, o and leukocidin all break up the cell membrane of their target cells. Are all proteins and are coded by chromosomal genes not plasmid genes

What is the treatment of staphylococcus?

Antibiotics but hard to do because of MRSA and VRSA

Staphylococcal food poisoning

Caused by Staphylococcus aureus; grow in contaminated food and release its toxins, individual invests the toxins; symptoms begin 2hrs after and end in 24 hrs; vomiting and diarrhea are the usual symptoms

Pyroderma

Caused by staphylococcus and produced puss

What are pathogenic staphylococcus aureus?

Coagulase positive, DNase positive, ferment mannitol

What enzymes are important for staphylococcus?

Coagulase; hyaluronidase; staphylokinase; lipase; B lactamase

What are some examples of high guanine and cytosine pathogens in a genera?

Corynebacterium; mycobacterium, propionibacteria, nocardia, actinomyces

What are the four categories of toxins produced by staphylococcus aureus?

Cytolytic toxins, exfoliative toxins, enterotoxins

Enterotoxins

Five proteins which cause the symptoms of staphylococcal food poisoning. Include nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps and diarrhea

What is the structure and physiology of staphylococcus?

Gram positive, facultative anaerobes, non motile, facultative halophiles, catalase positive , more resistant to heat and drying

Toxemia

Scalded skin syndrome; skin becomes extremely red and scales off.

What are the methods used to interfere with phagocytosis?

Inactivate the opsonization effect of IgG through protein A; production of enzyme coagulase; production of slime layer

endocarditis

Infection of the tissue lining the heart; including the valves and often fatal due to decreased heart function

pneumonia and empyema

Inflammatory lung infections; caused by staphylococci Pus in fluid= empyema Clear fluid= pneumonia

Staphylococcus pathogenicity

Interference with phagocytosis; enzymes that enhance the ability of an organism to invade host tissue; toxins

What is the diagnosis of staphylococcus?

Made by identification from a culture, identified by rapid ID methods, based on coagulase status

Where is staphylococcus found?

Normal microbiota and on the skin. Respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital tract

What does staphylococcus epidermis cause?

Opportunist infections

What is the cell wall type for a gram positive cell?

Phylum Furmicutes with two major dicisions depending on the amount of guanine and cytosine in the DNA

Toxic shock syndrome

Potentially fatal infection due to a toxin that caused low blood pressure, fever, diarrhea, rash and shedding of skin; caused by staphylococcus aureus - tampons and contraceptive sponge

What are some examples of low guanine and cytosine in the DNA

Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; enterococcus; bacillus, clostridium, listeria

What are some staphylococcal infections?

Sties, folliculitis, carbuncles, furuncles, pyroderma, impetigo, toxemia

Exfoliative toxins

They are two proteins that act as exfoliative toxins. They breakdown the desmosomes that hold epithelial cells together. They're active in staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome and causes the layer of the skin to slough off.

What does staphylococcus saprophyticus cause?

Urinary Tracy infections

Bacteremia

bacteria in the blood; nosocomial and most begin as a skin infection

Osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

Impetigo

superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staphylococci or streptococci; highly contagious


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