Stat Ch.5 Smart

Choose the statement that best defines the term "experiment" in the context of probability.

A process that leads to only one of several possible outcomes.

Considering the experiment of rolling a die, which event would be both mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive with the event getting a number greater than 4?

Getting a number less than 5.

Which of the following best describes the meaning of "outcome" in the context of a probability experiment?

One and only one result of the experiment.

Choose the formula that states the Special Rule of Addition.

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) must be mutually exclusive

Two events are mutually exclusive if:

the occurrence of one event means the other can't occur at the same time

The value given for an Empirical Probability is based on:

the past history of outcomes from the experiment

How do you calculate classical probability?

The number of favorable outcomes divided by the number of possible outcomes.

How is Empirical Probability calculated?

The number of times the event occurs divided by the total number of observations.

As the number of trials increases, what does the Law of Large Numbers say about the probabilities?

over a large number of trials, the empirical probability will approach its true probability

Events are Mutually Exclusive when the occurrence of one event means:

that none of the other events can occur at the same time

In the Venn Diagram shown, what concept is illustrated regarding events A and B?

A and B are mutually exclusive.

Classical probability is based on the assumption:

that the outcomes of an experiment are equally likely.

Which of the following is a Subjective Probability?

If you apply for a job after graduation, your chance of getting the job is 83%.

The Special Rule of Addition describes how to calculate which of the following probabilities?

P(A or B)

What does a Joint Probability measure?

The likelihood that two or more events will happen at the same time.

A fair die (each side equally likely) with sides numberer 1 to 6 is rolled a large number of times. Which of these predictions can be made using the Law of Large Numbers?

The number 3 will result about 1/6 of the time.

Which one of the following conditions must be met to use the Special Rule of Addition? I.e. P(A or B)=P(A) + P(B)

The relative frequency with which the event happened in the past.

Which of the following met the requirements for a probability experiment?

Roll a die Toss one coin Answer a true or false question

In the Venn diagram shown, the area where the circles overlap is P(A and B). What is this area called?

The Joint Probability of A and B

In the Venn diagram shown, what does the area inside the circle labeled "Event A" represent?

P(A)

Which one of the following is a characteristic of the classical approach to probability?

Probabilities assume outcomes of an experiment are equally likely.

What does it mean when an experiment has a set of events that are collectively exhaustive?

That at least one of the events must occur.

How would you read the formula P(~A)?

The probability of not A.

The equation P(A) = 1 - P(~A) is know as the Blank______ rule.

complement

What is the answer for P(~A) if P(A) = 0.7?

0.3 Reason: 1- P(A) = 0.3

In a random experiment there are 8 possible outcomes, and two of them correspond to a favorable event. What is the classical probability of the event?

25%

Which of the following numbers could represent a probability that an event will occur? Select all that apply.

3/4 .43

When you flip three coins, the probability that they will show three "heads" is 1/8. What is the probability they will not show 3 heads?

7/8

In a probability experiment, what is an outcome?

A particular result of the experiment.

Which of the following is the best definition of "event" in the context of a probability experiment?

A set of one or more outcomes of an experiment.

Identify the methodology that would result in a subjective probability.

Evaluating the available opinions and information and then estimates the probability.

P(A or B)=P(A) + P(B) For this to be true, which one of the following conditions must be met?

Event A and event B must not be able to occur at the same time,

A dice cube is tossed and the number of spots on the uppermost face is noted. Match the term to the part of the random trial to which it refers.

Experiment matches The process of tossing the die. Outcome matches The die is a two. Event matches The die is greater than two.

Which one of the following is true about events that are both mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive?

The sum of their probabilities must be 1.

Which of the following met the requirements for an event?

Toss one coin and the result is a head Roll a die and the result is a 2, 4 or 6 Roll a die and the result is a 1

True or false: A mutually exclusive event means there is no overlap.

True

A set of events is collectively exhaustive when:

at least one of the events must occur when the experiment is done

If the fraction of times an event happened in the past is used as the basis for assigning a probability to the event, this is Blank______ probability.

empirical

In the Venn diagram shown, what does the area inside the circle labeled "Event B" represent?

P(B)