Stress Management Chapters 1-4

people who react to stress with an all-out physiological reaction, suffer from chronic anger or anxiety, have high blood pressure

hot reactors

excessive and damaging pressure of the blood against the walls of the arterial blood vessels

hypertension

*activates the autonomic nervous system

hypothalamus

*When you encounter a stressor, the sympathetic nervous system regulates the body to do what in your body?

increase heart rate, increase force with which the heart contracts, dilate coronary arteries, constrict abdominal arteries, dilate pupils, dilate bronchial tubes, increase strength of skeletal muscles, release glucose from liver, increase mental activity

*Cortisol is secreted from the adrenal cortex and is responsible for

increase in blood sugar

*the system that produces emotions, which is also known as the "seat of emotions" is called

limbic system

flirtatious type of love without any commitment

ludic love

combination of passionate and flirtatious love, characterized by jealousy

manic love

*What is the treatment for tension headaches?

medication, heat on tense muscles, or massage

*regulates heartbeat, breathing, and other similar physiological processes

medulla oblongata

result from the constriction and dilation of the carotid arteries of one side of the head

migraine

artery ruptures and a part of the heart dies from lack of oxygen

myocardial infarction

associated with vision

occipital lobe

associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli

parietal lobe

*a technique that involves a sensation of heaviness, warmth, and tingling in the limbs

autogenic training

surround and engulf invading substances and summon helper T cells

phagocytes

types of strains:

physical strain: tension headaches psychological strain: agoraphobia behavioral strain: alcohol abuse

physiological response in which the body turns on itself

autoimmune response

*The system that controls such body processes as hormones balance, temperature, and width of blood vessels is called the

autonomic nervous system

What two systems does the hypothalamus activate?

autonomic nervous system and endocrine system

*Examples of environmental stressors

toxins, heat, cold

True or False: the common cold may be a function of psychological stress

true

*Type ____ behavior patterns are associated with the development of coronary heart disease

type A- a behavior pattern associated with the development of coronary heart disease

fissures or cuts in the walls of the stomach, duodenum, or other parts of the intestines

ulcers

*Examples of sociological stressors

unemployment, death of a loved one

*What is it called when the degree to which the seven dimensions of health are in balance?

wellness

*Is stress dangerous to your health?

yes, too much of it can cause health problems

foreign substances irritating the body

antigen

*part of the of brain that signals the presence of stress

hippocampus

*examples of psychological stressors

threats to self-esteem, depression

secretes thyroxin due to the influence of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

thyroid gland

*What characteristics describe a cancer-prone person?

1. holding resentment, with the inability to forgive 2. using self-pity 3. lacking the ability to develop and maintain meaningful interpersonal relationships 4. having a poor self-image

obesity occurs when body mass index is ______ or higher

30

*According to a survey of college students' health conducted by the American College Health Association in 2010, _____ percent of college students experienced more than average or tremendous levels of stress.

48%

*What are the three stages of general adaption syndrome (in order)?

Alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion

Who identified the relationship between stress and coronary heart disease?

Friedman and Rosenman

Who studied the physiological response to stress?

Hans Selye

cumulative biological wear that results from responses to stress that seek to maintain body equilibrium

allostatic load

Who related evolution to psychosomatic disease?

Simeons

Who added a component to the standard cancer therapy: it consists of visualizing the beneficial effects of the therapy upon the malignancy?

Simonton

restriction on credit cards for those under 21, protection form prescreened offers, prohibition of gifts by credit issuers

The Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility, and Disclosure Act of 2009

substances produced by the body to fight antigens and stimulate the release of chemical

antibodies

first to describe the body's reaction to stress

Walter Cannon

*Who identified the flight-or-flight response? What is it?

Walter Cannon, the body's stress reaction that includes an increase in heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol

Who studied illness, disease, and stress?

Wolff, LeShan, and Engel

*What is the autoimmune response?

a physiological response in which the body turns on itself

occurs more frequently among college students than any other age group, rapists act violently against the victim due to past experiences

acquaintance rape

caused by a virus known as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

*adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) activates the _________ to secrete corticoid hormones

adrenal cortex

influenced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

adrenal cortex

activated through a direct nerve connection from the posterior portion of the hypothalamus

adrenal medulla

*unnecessary muscle tension

bracing

*The preattack stage of a migraine headache is called a _______-

constriction phase or prodrome

focuses on one's attitude toward stressful events, buffering between stress and the development of illness and disease

hardiness theory

*In order to have a healthy level of cholesterol in your blood, your HDLS should be _________ and your LDLs should be

high, low

unbridled multiplication of cells

cancer

cancer-causing agents

carcinogens

*coordinates body movements

cerebellum

*upper part of the brain responsible for thinking functions

cerebral cortex

*What are the two major components of the brain?

cerebral cortex and subcortex

rupture of blood vessel in the brain

cerebral hemorrhage

*the largest and uppermost portion of the brain, consisting of two hemispheres

cerebrum

accumulates on the walls of the blood vessels, blocks the flow of blood to various parts of the body

cholesterol

system responsible for digestion

gastrointestinal system

regulate metabolism of glucose and are detected by the hippocampal cells

glucocorticoids

*Researchers have found high cortisol levels that do not decline during the day in people who are

depressed and those who have experienced traumatic events

*regulates emotions and includes the thalamus and hypothalamus

diencephalon

*bad things to which one must adapt and that can lead to a stress reaction (example: death of a loved one)

distress

*What is the goal of stress management? Should you try to eliminate all stress?

do not eliminate all stress, use stress as a motivator for peak performance, identify the useful, stimulating, and welcoming aspects of stress

includes all the glands that secrete hormones

endocrine system

passionate love

erotic love

*What is hypertension called with no known cause?

essential hypertension

*good things to which one must adapt and that can lead to a stress reaction (example: job promotion)

eustress

*What can cause hypertension?

excessive amounts of sodium, kidney disease,

*How do men and women generally respond to stress differently?

females- tend to exhibit nurturing activities designed to protect themselves and others (tend and befriend), use more social groups males- exhibit more of an flight-or-flight response

associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving

frontal lobe

*What are the seven dimensions of health and define them?

physical- the ability of the body to function daily with energy remaining to respond to emergencies; the absence of disease; the level of fitness social- the ability to interact well with people and the environment mental- to ability to learn and grow intellectually emotional- the ability to control emotions so that you can feel comfortable spiritual- a belief in some undying force environmental- a healthy, supportive setting in which to function occupational- having a job that is satisfying, doing meaningful work

*part of the sub cortex responsible for breathing

pons

regulates sleep

pons

*Feeling irritable or having outbursts of anger is a symptom of_______________ that is most likely to be categorized as arousal

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

*involves contracting and relaxing muscle groups throughout the body (called neuromuscular relaxation)

progressive relaxation

physical disease caused by emotional stress, does not include an invasion of disease-causing microorganism involved

psychogenic

*refers to a physical disease caused by emotional stress (example: asthma)

psychogenic disease

*conditions that have a mind and a body component are called

psychosomatic

involves both the mind and the body, referred to as psychophysiological, can be diagnosed, manifested physically

psychosomatic disease

a series of bodily changes that are the opposite of the stress reaction

relaxation response

network of nerves that connects that mind and body, provides the neural connections that are needed for the processing and learning of information and the ability to pay attention to the correct task

reticular activating system (RAS)

stress occurs when there is not enough social support available to respond to the event effectively

social support theory

results from the mind increasing the body's susceptibility to disease-causing microbes or natural degenerative processes

somatogenic

*occurs when the mind increases the body's susceptibility to some disease-causing microbes or some natural degenerate process

somatogenic disease

calm, companionate type of love

storgic love

*stimulus with the potential for triggering the flight-or-flight response

stressor

lack of oxygen to the brain resulting from a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel

stroke (apoplexy)

*lower part of the brain responsible for various physiological processes necessary to stay alive

subcortex

associated with perception and recognition of sounds, memory, and speech

temporal lobe

develops due to an interference with the smooth functioning of the jaw

temporomandibular syndrome

caused by muscle tension accompanying stress

tension headaches

*relays sensory impulses from other parts of the nervous system to the cerebral cortex

thalamus

transports blood between the body cell and organs

the cardiovascular system

*Those who have successfully managed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) attribute it to is (list 3)

those who had supportive relationships with family and friends, they did not dwell on the trauma, they had personal faith/religion/hope, and they had a sense of humor