Structural Kinesiology Test 1-Chapter 2 Review Questions {3rd & 4th edition}

Articular cartilage has no blood supply.

True

Bone becomes stiffer when the rate of loading is high.

True

Capsular ligaments are part of the joint capsule.

True

Cortical bone is stronger than cancellous bone.

True

In a pure elastic material the mechanical energy is fully recovered after a deformation.

True

Joints have less friction than ice.

True

Shear stress is parallel to the plane of the cross section.

True

The meniscus of the knee is a type of fibrocartilage.

True

The metaphysis is located between the epiphysis & the diaphysis of long bones.

True

The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis.

True

The tarsals are short bones.

True

Cartilage exhibits _______ characteristics.

anisotrophic

Cartilage exhibits _____ characteristics.

anisotrophic? isotrophic. Both Neither.

Hyaline cartilage at the ends of long bones is called _________.

articular cartilage, fibrocartilage, fibrous cartilage

This structure improves the fit between articulating bones.

articular fibrocartilage

The most mobile type of joint is the _____ joint.

ball-and-scocket

A standing person has ______ forces on the inferior portion and _____ forces on the superior portion of the femoral neck.

compressive forces on inferior and tensile forces on superior portion.

A standing person has ______ forces on the inferior portion and _____ forces on the superior portion of the femoral neck.

compressive, tensile

The knee is an example of a(n) ___________ joint.

condylar

With no tension on it, the collagen fibers in a ligament are _______.

crimped

Injury threshold _____ with repetition.

decreases

The strength of a ligament ______ with immobilization.

decreases

When a bone is subjected to an excessive force, it will fail on the _____ side because it is weaker under ______ forces.

fail on the convex side because it is weaker under high tensile forces.

During failure the stress in a material will _________.

fall to zero

The elbow is an example of a ____ joint.

hinge

Cartilage _____.

improves the fit of the ends of the bones in a joint. decreases the friction in a joint. & helps to attenuate shock.

Osteoarthritis affects the __________.

joint capsule

At muscle insertion sites, collagen fibers are arranged ______, maximizing strength.

longitudinally

Amphiarthrodial joints allow _____ movement compared with synarthrodial joints.

more

Synarthrodial joints allow for ________ movements.

no movement

These bone cells are responsible for sensing mechanical stress.

osteocytes

Building new bone at the same site that old bone is being removed is called _____.

remodeling

A stress fracture can be the result of ______.

repeated low-magnitude force.

A diathrodial joint is also known as a ______ joint.

synovial

Stress is ____________.

the force per unit area

Peak bone mass occurs during the latter portion of the _______ decade of life.

third

The small, flat pieces of bone making up the cancellous bone are called ________.

trabeculae

The term that best describes the fact that the response of bone depends on the rate of loading is _______.

viscoelastic

This characteristic of bone suggests that the stiffness depends on the rate of loading.

viscoelastic

The process of bone resorption by osteoclasts takes approximately 3 ______.

weeks

Which is not a class of bones?

wide

After age 30 years, there is a _____ yearly loss in the mineral weight of bone.

0.2-0.5%

Cortical bone is less than _____% porous.

15%

Ellipsoidal joints have ______ degrees of freedom.

2

The bone in the distal part of the femur is replaced every ______.

5 to 6 months

The bone in the distal part of the femur is replaced every _______.

5-6 months

Cartilage reduces contact forces by _______.

50%

Cartilage reduces contact forces by ________.

50%

Cancellous bone is greater than _% porous.

70%

A fatigue fracture is also known as a traumatic fracture.

False

A lever amplifies the force of movement.

False

Bone is strongest when it is in tension.

False

Bone remodeling only takes place after age 40.

False

Bones use inactivity as a stimulus for bone growth.

False

Cancellous bone constitutes about 80% of the skeleton.

False

Cancellous bone is also known as compact bone.

False

Cortical bone is more porous than cancellous bone.

False

Flat bones make the best levers for muscles.

False

Hematopoiesis takes place within the cortical bone.

False

Once bone is formed the shape cannot change.

False

Osteoporosis is an inflammation of the bone tissue.

False

The portion of a stress-strain curve up to the yield point is called the plastic region.

False

The stiffness of a material can be determined by calculating the slope of the plastic portion of the stress-strain curve.

False

A lever alters only the speed of a movement.

False, alters force speed or both.

Hysteresis is the energy stored in a stress-strain test.

False, energy lost

A viscoelastic material has no elastic properties at all.

False, not strictly linear, nonlinear or viscous properties in combo with linear elastic properties.

A viscoelastic material ____________.

Has elastic and viscous properties, exhibits nonlinear stress-strain behavior, has multiple stiffnesses

Which is not a part of the stress-strain curve?

Nylon Region

These cells are responsible for forming new bone.

Osteoblasts

Which group contains examples of flat bones?

Ribs, skull, scapula