Structural Kinesiology Test 1-Chapter 2 Review Questions {3rd & 4th edition}
Articular cartilage has no blood supply.
True
Bone becomes stiffer when the rate of loading is high.
True
Capsular ligaments are part of the joint capsule.
True
Cortical bone is stronger than cancellous bone.
True
In a pure elastic material the mechanical energy is fully recovered after a deformation.
True
Joints have less friction than ice.
True
Shear stress is parallel to the plane of the cross section.
True
The meniscus of the knee is a type of fibrocartilage.
True
The metaphysis is located between the epiphysis & the diaphysis of long bones.
True
The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis.
True
The tarsals are short bones.
True
Cartilage exhibits _______ characteristics.
anisotrophic
Cartilage exhibits _____ characteristics.
anisotrophic? isotrophic. Both Neither.
Hyaline cartilage at the ends of long bones is called _________.
articular cartilage, fibrocartilage, fibrous cartilage
This structure improves the fit between articulating bones.
articular fibrocartilage
The most mobile type of joint is the _____ joint.
ball-and-scocket
A standing person has ______ forces on the inferior portion and _____ forces on the superior portion of the femoral neck.
compressive forces on inferior and tensile forces on superior portion.
A standing person has ______ forces on the inferior portion and _____ forces on the superior portion of the femoral neck.
compressive, tensile
The knee is an example of a(n) ___________ joint.
condylar
With no tension on it, the collagen fibers in a ligament are _______.
crimped
Injury threshold _____ with repetition.
decreases
The strength of a ligament ______ with immobilization.
decreases
When a bone is subjected to an excessive force, it will fail on the _____ side because it is weaker under ______ forces.
fail on the convex side because it is weaker under high tensile forces.
During failure the stress in a material will _________.
fall to zero
The elbow is an example of a ____ joint.
hinge
Cartilage _____.
improves the fit of the ends of the bones in a joint. decreases the friction in a joint. & helps to attenuate shock.
Osteoarthritis affects the __________.
joint capsule
At muscle insertion sites, collagen fibers are arranged ______, maximizing strength.
longitudinally
Amphiarthrodial joints allow _____ movement compared with synarthrodial joints.
more
Synarthrodial joints allow for ________ movements.
no movement
These bone cells are responsible for sensing mechanical stress.
osteocytes
Building new bone at the same site that old bone is being removed is called _____.
remodeling
A stress fracture can be the result of ______.
repeated low-magnitude force.
A diathrodial joint is also known as a ______ joint.
synovial
Stress is ____________.
the force per unit area
Peak bone mass occurs during the latter portion of the _______ decade of life.
third
The small, flat pieces of bone making up the cancellous bone are called ________.
trabeculae
The term that best describes the fact that the response of bone depends on the rate of loading is _______.
viscoelastic
This characteristic of bone suggests that the stiffness depends on the rate of loading.
viscoelastic
The process of bone resorption by osteoclasts takes approximately 3 ______.
weeks
Which is not a class of bones?
wide
After age 30 years, there is a _____ yearly loss in the mineral weight of bone.
0.2-0.5%
Cortical bone is less than _____% porous.
15%
Ellipsoidal joints have ______ degrees of freedom.
2
The bone in the distal part of the femur is replaced every ______.
5 to 6 months
The bone in the distal part of the femur is replaced every _______.
5-6 months
Cartilage reduces contact forces by _______.
50%
Cartilage reduces contact forces by ________.
50%
Cancellous bone is greater than _% porous.
70%
A fatigue fracture is also known as a traumatic fracture.
False
A lever amplifies the force of movement.
False
Bone is strongest when it is in tension.
False
Bone remodeling only takes place after age 40.
False
Bones use inactivity as a stimulus for bone growth.
False
Cancellous bone constitutes about 80% of the skeleton.
False
Cancellous bone is also known as compact bone.
False
Cortical bone is more porous than cancellous bone.
False
Flat bones make the best levers for muscles.
False
Hematopoiesis takes place within the cortical bone.
False
Once bone is formed the shape cannot change.
False
Osteoporosis is an inflammation of the bone tissue.
False
The portion of a stress-strain curve up to the yield point is called the plastic region.
False
The stiffness of a material can be determined by calculating the slope of the plastic portion of the stress-strain curve.
False
A lever alters only the speed of a movement.
False, alters force speed or both.
Hysteresis is the energy stored in a stress-strain test.
False, energy lost
A viscoelastic material has no elastic properties at all.
False, not strictly linear, nonlinear or viscous properties in combo with linear elastic properties.
A viscoelastic material ____________.
Has elastic and viscous properties, exhibits nonlinear stress-strain behavior, has multiple stiffnesses
Which is not a part of the stress-strain curve?
Nylon Region
These cells are responsible for forming new bone.
Osteoblasts
Which group contains examples of flat bones?
Ribs, skull, scapula