Structures Not Found in Every Cell Type

cell wall

prokaryote and plant: thick rigid, composed of cellulose, located around the cell membrane Protects and supports the cell

flagella

prokaryote, eukaryote, animal only: Long whip-like tail that extends from cell membrane. Composed of microtubules (protein) Move the cell

Centrioles

Eukaryote, animal only: Barrel shaped objects that sit perpendicular to one another Composed of microtubules Create fibers to move chromosomes during cell division, produce cilia and flagella

Cilia

Eukaryote, animal only: Tiny, hair-like projections that extend from the cell membrane Composed of microtubules (Protein) Move the cell, move fluids past the cell

Plastids

Eukaryote, plant: membrane enclosed storage container Storage of starches and pigments

Vacuoles

Eukaryote: plant and animal: Membrane enclosed storage container Storage of water, waste, sugars...

Vesicles

Eukaryotes, plant and animal: Membrane enclosed sacs filled with "cargo" (carbs, lipids, proteins...) Bud and merge with other organelles Ferry products from place to place in the cell

Golgi Apparatus

Eukaryotes, plants and animals: Membrane enclosed structure that looks like a stack of flattened pancakes. Vesicles bud and merge from here. Modify, sort, and package products from the RER and SER, sends products to final destination

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Eukaryotes, plants and animals: series of continuous channels enclosed by membrane studded with ribosomes; located around the nucleus Makes proteins

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Eukaryotes, plants and animals: series of continuous channels enclosed by membrane without attached ribosomes Makes carbs and lipids. Stores calcium (muscle) and detoxifies harmful substances (liver cells)

nucleus

eukaryote, plant and animal: large structure located near the center of the cell. The DNA and nucleolus are located inside it. Stores the DNA and directs the activities of the cell

lysosomes

eukaryote, plant and animal: membrane enclosed structure filled with digestive enzymes Break down food, or old/defective organelles

nuclear membrane

eukaryote, plant and animal: surrounds the nucleus Isolates the DNA and nucleolus from cytoplasm Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus

chloroplast

eukaryote, plant: Surrounded by two membrane layers, contains green pigment. Capture energy of the sun to construct glucose (the cell's #1 energy source)

nucleolus

eukaryotes (plant and animal): Dark structure inside the nucleus ( may have more than one) Makes ribosomes

cytoskeleton

eukaryotes, plant and animal: proteins fibers throughout cytoplasm -microtubules -microfilaments -intermediate filaments Maintain cell shape, move cell, move structures within cell, allows cell to split during division

Mitochondria

eukaryotes, plant and animals: surrounded by two membrane layers Break down glucose to make ATP (energy) ATP makes up glucose which makes up the energy in the cells