Structures Not Found in Every Cell Type
cell wall
prokaryote and plant: thick rigid, composed of cellulose, located around the cell membrane Protects and supports the cell
flagella
prokaryote, eukaryote, animal only: Long whip-like tail that extends from cell membrane. Composed of microtubules (protein) Move the cell
Centrioles
Eukaryote, animal only: Barrel shaped objects that sit perpendicular to one another Composed of microtubules Create fibers to move chromosomes during cell division, produce cilia and flagella
Cilia
Eukaryote, animal only: Tiny, hair-like projections that extend from the cell membrane Composed of microtubules (Protein) Move the cell, move fluids past the cell
Plastids
Eukaryote, plant: membrane enclosed storage container Storage of starches and pigments
Vacuoles
Eukaryote: plant and animal: Membrane enclosed storage container Storage of water, waste, sugars...
Vesicles
Eukaryotes, plant and animal: Membrane enclosed sacs filled with "cargo" (carbs, lipids, proteins...) Bud and merge with other organelles Ferry products from place to place in the cell
Golgi Apparatus
Eukaryotes, plants and animals: Membrane enclosed structure that looks like a stack of flattened pancakes. Vesicles bud and merge from here. Modify, sort, and package products from the RER and SER, sends products to final destination
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Eukaryotes, plants and animals: series of continuous channels enclosed by membrane studded with ribosomes; located around the nucleus Makes proteins
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Eukaryotes, plants and animals: series of continuous channels enclosed by membrane without attached ribosomes Makes carbs and lipids. Stores calcium (muscle) and detoxifies harmful substances (liver cells)
nucleus
eukaryote, plant and animal: large structure located near the center of the cell. The DNA and nucleolus are located inside it. Stores the DNA and directs the activities of the cell
lysosomes
eukaryote, plant and animal: membrane enclosed structure filled with digestive enzymes Break down food, or old/defective organelles
nuclear membrane
eukaryote, plant and animal: surrounds the nucleus Isolates the DNA and nucleolus from cytoplasm Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus
chloroplast
eukaryote, plant: Surrounded by two membrane layers, contains green pigment. Capture energy of the sun to construct glucose (the cell's #1 energy source)
nucleolus
eukaryotes (plant and animal): Dark structure inside the nucleus ( may have more than one) Makes ribosomes
cytoskeleton
eukaryotes, plant and animal: proteins fibers throughout cytoplasm -microtubules -microfilaments -intermediate filaments Maintain cell shape, move cell, move structures within cell, allows cell to split during division
Mitochondria
eukaryotes, plant and animals: surrounded by two membrane layers Break down glucose to make ATP (energy) ATP makes up glucose which makes up the energy in the cells