STS 323 Midterm Patterson

About ____% of the US population is directly involved in farming

0.6

The percentage of protein in mature corn seed is about _____%, and in soybean seed is about _____%.

10; 40

About 50% of the population of DRC is less than ____ years of age

15

The Center of Origin of grain sorghum is ____.

Africa

The most important parts of a responsibly prepared sustainable human development grant proposal are convincing evidence of equivalent extent of participation of BOTH development partners throughout all stages of the planning process, and 2) sound reasoning regarding

An effective, objective, unbiased, and & independent evaluation of the ongoing work on a regular basis, akin to a responsible "peer review" of any research work before it is submitted

Anoxia

Condition most likely to lead to a fish kill

Cassava

Center of Origin is South America

The Center of Origin of soybeans is _____.

China

Wheat

Grown on more land area globally than any other crop

The source of energy required for BNF to occur in the nodule on legume roots comes from

Host Plant

The key consideration that always must be taken fully into account when conceptualizing and locating a new CGIAR facility is __________.

Human need at that location

Symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), a naturally-occurring process legume & cereal grain crops are capable for accomplishing, represents an energy efficient and environmentally safe way to introduce crop available nitrogen into the soil, and to supply these crops with nitrogen in a form that the crops can use directly for their growth, development, and protein production. (T/F)

False

The one, and possibly only, concession the Belgians made to the nationals of Belgian Congo in the Mbuji-Mayi region was to not build any medical facility--hospital, for example--on top of the diamond ore they were extracting from the earth to satisfy their colonial greed. (T/F)

False

The inclusion of legume crops in food crop production systems ______ our dependence on costly & potentially environmentally damaging fertilizer nitrogen.

Decreases

About ____% of the children born today in DRC will not live to age five

E (probably over 35)

Food crops such as corn, soybeans, and wheat always seem to produce more grain yield when grown in climates/regions where the nighttime temperature during the grain filling stage is relatively ____ compared to locations where the nighttime temperature is relatively ____

Low; high

Cassava

May be quite toxic in the uncooked state, especially to children

Two major food crops researched at CIMMYT, which is located in _______, are ______& ______.

Mexico; corn and wheat

In terms of global sustainable human development, the most important reason for knowing the center of origin of any food crop is that at this location should be found ___________.

Plant germplasm having a broad diversity of genes, some of which may be useful in breeding biotic and abiotic stress tolerance into otherwise commercially suitable germplasm

Regarding global sustainable human development, the most important reason for knowing the center of origin of any food crop is that at this location should be found ______

Plant germplasm having a broad diversity of genes, some of which may be useful in breeding biotic and abiotic stress tolerance into otherwise commercially suitable germplasm

The greatest immediate value derived from providing high-lysine corn to just-weaned children is______

Increased cognitive potential

The crop planted with leucaena at IITA, & which benefitted from this mixed planting, is ______.

Intercropping

The greatest extent of biological diversity, critically important for genetic improvement of the food crops upon which we are so dependent, & whose preservation therefore is absolutely crucial for our well being, is found primarily in ____ regions

Tropical

The greatest extent of biological diversity, critically important for genetic improvement of the food crops upon which we are so fully dependent, and whose preservation therefore is absolutely crucial for our well-being, is located primarily in_____ regions.

Tropical

A key point Alex Martin made during his presentation is that empowerment of women is a key to global sustainable human development, and that if the initiative reaches the women, then that initiative just might reach the children. (T/F)

True

Generally speaking, at least one-half of the grain yield improvement observed during the interval from the end of WWII to the present has been the result of plant breeding and genetics achievements. (T/F)

True

If a child born in a rural village of Congo (DRC) today manages to reach age 5, s(he) has a reasonably good chance of reaching the child-bearing age (T/F)

True

Most children less than five years of age suffering from marasmus and/or kwashiorkor in less-industrialized countries will actually die from some disease they have contracted, such as measles or malaria, and in their weakened condition (due to a poor quality diet) will actually die from the pathogen (measles, malaria, etc.) rather than directly from hunger/malnutrition (T/F)

True

One of the challenges Dr. Jordan mentioned (regarding the USAID/Cuttington University initiative) had to do with a "top-down directive" approach, meaning that the expatriate partner (RTI) did not properly/adequately include (in the planning phase) the university people who would be playing a major role in implementation of the project. (T/F)

True

Regardless of where one is farming, if no one is willing or able to give the food producer something the food producer and her/his family values for their product, they will not produce beyond the subsistence level. (T/F)

True

When a relief initiative is undertaken in response to a circumstance that is properly described as a chronic situation, paternalism, or dependency, could very well be the outcome (T/F)

True

The single most important natural and managed resources needed for our planet to be able to meet the food and quality of life needs of our increasing global population is improved _____

Soil Quality

The source of the enzyme that catalyzes the BNF process comes from the ________.

Soil bacterium that enters the root of the legume plant

The largest part of the U.S. Farm Bill continues to be ________.

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)/Food Aid

__________ is a human nutritional disorder (an under or malnourished child) resulting from the child not getting enough calories and also having an inadequate balance of nutrients in her/his diet, and is normally characterized by a wasting of the muscles, a relatively thin body profile, and poor cognition.

marasmus

The two lines (on the PQLI graph we discussed in lecture) quantifying "physical quality of life index as a function of time" for more developed (more industrialized) vs. less developed (less industrialized) countries are _________.

diverging

Paternalism is...

a consequence of not allowing the development partner to learn from his/her mistakes

A very important feature of the Medika Mamba (apart from its very good nutritional value, and use of a wholesome legume that can use the BNF process), is that

it provided jobs for the people as well as it contained peanuts so it provided the kids with nutrients and supplementation for their diet.

Harambe Spirit refers to the belief that?

sharing the work, and also the ownership, in a development project is the only way to assure accountability, & ultimately sustainability, of any global sustainable human development initiative.

Considering the following list of crops, the crop most likely to be useful in suppressing kwashiorkor when the grain is used in the diet of a newly weaned infant is ______.

soybeans

An unusual approach to disseminating plant material beyond the boundaries of IITA that seems to be working is _________.....

the use of intercropping methods and crop rotation

Sugar beets

Likely outcome in absence of a properly established riparian buffer.

Millet

Most drought-tolerant of cereal grains

The U.S. has instituted _______ categories of Land-Grand Institutions, the most recent being _______.

3; 1994

The chemical reactants of the BNF process are _______ & _______ and the product is ________.

N(little 2); 8H(little 2); legume

When establishing a riparian buffer strip between human activity and a source of drinking water, only ____ vegetation should be used.

Native

The demographic transition basically occurs when _______

The family of that child just born believes that this newborn has sufficient opportunity for education & health care that a conscious decision is made to delay having a next child due to the high cost of providing education and health care for the child just born

Grain sorghum

Both drought and flooding tolerant

A diet consisting principally of the four crops grown on the same plot of land at IRRI during a 12-month period--rice, soybeans, white potatoes, and sweet corn--reduced the incidence of night blindness in the surrounding areas considerably, and this cropping sequence was possible partly because adequate water and a completely frost-free 12-month period are reality in this region. (T/F)

False

Dietary essential amino acids are those amino acids our bodies fortunately are able to synthesize in adequate amounts from simpler substances normally obtained in the foods we eat (T/F).

False

Edible leaves, for example young leaves from plants such as cassava and sweet potato, usually are poor sources of dietary essential amino acids. (T/F)

False

Fortunately, as a result of encouragement by the RTI/USAID initiative at Cuttington University, the Liberian government was willing to pay the teachers at the university a good salary regardless of the number of courses they taught each semester, thus ensuring that faculty morale would remain strong, regardless of their teaching load. (T/F)

False

As a cassava breeder, seeking to improve the genetics of this crop for a trait such as cassava leaf blight (a serious disease problem in many parts of the world...), you would want to visit _________________ as your highest priority.

Latin America

Proper rotation of grain and legume crops

Leads to high soil quality

Genetrically Engineered Crops

Leads to reduced risk of pest damage

The primary requirement for British OXFAM to be willing to support a development initiative is that _____

Only locally available resources be used

Rice

Provides more energy for humans globally than any other crop

Two of the most urgent needs for improved/stable food crop production in undernourished parts of the world are ____ & ____

Quality crop seed for planting & fertilizer

ICARDA located in _______ been able to avoid curtailing the conduct of their critically important dryland research during the present political conflict (inside the country in which ICARDA is located)

Syria; has not