Studies in poetry 1
alliterative meter of "unholy of werkes"
"UNholy of WERkes" SxxxSx "unHOly of WERkes" xSxxSx (***Content words are important; Where the stress falls is metrically irrellevent)
anapestic tetrameter
(x)(x)SxxSxxS(x)
anapestic trimeter
(x)(x)SxxSxxS(x)
Acceptable b-verse patterns in Middle English alliterative meter
(x)Sx...xSx x...xS(x)Sx (Piers Plowman,14, middle english, pound's rep of seafarer) (Content words get stress: adjectives, nouns, finite verbs) (No stress: articles, pronouns, prepositions)
alliterative meter qualifications and stress
1) 2 S's 2) long dip x....x 3) ends with an unstressed x S: nouns, adjective, finite verbs (when inversion occurs of the verb, gets stress: "as i a SHEEP WEre" ***Content words are important; Where the stress falls is metrically irrellevent
These poets fit into the ____ century: Geoffry Chaucer (died in 1400) , William langland (latter half)
14
a sonnet has ____ lines in _____ _____ (meter)
14; iambic pentameter
Wyatt is not like chaucer in that he lived during the first half of the _____ century (Chaucer lived during the fourteenth century) and witnessed one of the largest and most far reaching religious and political events: the ____ ______
16th; protestant revolution
these poets fit into the ____ century: John Donne
17
Dickinson time period
19
These poets all fit into the ____ century : Shelly, Barret-browning, browning, Poe, Edward Lear, George Eliot, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson, Lewis Carroll, W.s. Gilbert, Gerard Manly Hopkins
19
These poets fit into the ____ century : W.b Yeats, Robert Frost, Gertrude stein, Wallace stevens, William Carlos Williams, DH lawrence, Ezra pound, EE cummings, langston hughes, Ogden Nash, Elizabeth Bishop, Gwendolyn Brooks, Edward Gorey
20
These poets fit into the ____ century: Kenneth koch, frank O'Hara, Adrienne Rich, LeRoi Jones/Amiri Baraka, Alice notley, Ai, Rae Armantrout, Yusef Komunyakaa, Juan felipe herrera, Anne Carson, Afaa Michael Weaver
20
These poets fit into the ____ century: Elizabeth Willis, Camille Roy, Terrance Hayes, Ben Lerner, Edgar garcia
21
Emily dickinson is known for _____ meter and ___meter/____meter
Ballad; tetrameter/trimeter in alternating lines
"Whan that April with his showres soote/ The droughte of March hath perced to the roote/ And bathed every veine in switch licour/ of which vertu engendred is the flowr; Whan Zephyrus eek with his sweete breeth/ Inspired hath in every holt and heeth/ The tendre cropped, and the yonge sonne/ Hath in the Ram his halve cours yronne"
Canturbury tales, chaucer, 14, alliterative meter
Canterbury tales, 1400
Chaucer
Late 14th century beaurocrat (1400 death) first poet to invent iambic pentameter; uses French, Latin, Italian. Middle English England: English not universal language (provocative statement to use English)
Chaucer
Aba, abba structure
Chiasm
"Death- He kindly stopped for me The catriage held but just ourselvrs And immortality"
Dickinson
"Hope is the thing with feathers"
Dickinson
"I felt a funeral in my brain"
Dickinson
"Ive heard it in the chillest land- and in the strangest sea- yet -never- in extremety It asked a crumb-of me."
Dickinson
"And then a plank in reason, broke, And i dropped down, and down- And hit a workd, at every plunge, And finished knowing-then"
Dickinson (rest of poem is abcb rhyme but this last stanza is inconclusive, chaotic, and unordered)
"Since then tis centuries and yet Feels shorter than the day I first surmised the horse's heads Were toward eternity"
Dickinson, ballad meter, 19
What literary device is used in the last lines? "For she was the maker of the song she sang. The ever-hooded, tragic-gestured sea Was merely a place by which she walked to sing. Whose spirit is this? we said, because we knew It was the spirit that we sought and knew That we should ask this often as she sang."
ENJAMBMENT Wallace Stevens, the idea of order at Key west; modernist 20, blank verse unrhymed iambic pentameter (abstractions collection)
"A is for Amy that fell down the stairs"
Edward Gorey, 20, (Frank O'Hara) dactylic tetrameter in couplets Like Poe's (19) annabell lee, looks like and sounds like for children (Abecedary) but wouldnt say to children.
Frank O'Hara (NY SCHOOL) was roomates with ____ _____
Edward Gorey, 20, Gashley crumb tinies Abecedary: book to teach the alphabet Straight end rhyme couplets Triple meter in couplets "B is for Basil assaulted by bears /uu/uu/uu/ Dactylic triplemeter
"He weeps by the side of the ocean, He weeps on the top of the hill; He purchases pancakes and lotion, And chocolate shrimps from the mill. He reads but he does not speak, spanish, He cannot abide ginger beer; ere the days of his pilgrimage vanish,"
Edward Lear, How pleasant to know mr lear, 19, anapestic trimeter (uu/), quattrains of ABAB, end-stopping (, ; , .)
..."A shadow accross me, Straightway I was 'ware, So weeping, how a mystic Shape did move Behind me, and drew me backward by the hair And a voice said in mastery, while I strove Guess now who hold thee? —Death, I said. But there, The silver answer rand...Not Death, but Love."
Elizabeth Barret-Browning ,From sonnets from the Portuguese, 19 Victorian (sestet in Petrachan sonnet style, inversion at end in Shakespearean style; personification of death like Dickinson "I could not stop for death but he kindly stops for me" in which she invokes a carriage, romantic scene.)
"I thought once how Theocritus had sung/ of the sweet years, the dear and wished for years/ Who each one in a gracious hand appears To bear a gift for mortals, old or young And, as i mused it in his antique tongue I saw, in gradual vision through my tears, The sweet, sad, years, the melancholy years those of my own life, who by turns had flung A shadow across me / Straightway I was 'ware...."
Elizabeth Barret-Browning, From sonnets from the Portuguese, 19 Victorian (use of petrarchan sonnet, first octet, sung rhymes with flung; interested in love and death at the same time; shakespearian realization happens in the last two lines...Not Death but Love")
"The swallows fly low" low is an example of
Feminine ending (unstressed)
Some 19th century victorian poets include _____ _____ _______ ______ ______
George Eliot, Elizabeth barret-browning, robert browning, W.s Gilbert (modern major general), Gerard Manley-hopkins (jesuit poet; as kingfishers catch fire, Dragonflies draw flame, "sprung rhythm" in breaking metrical conventions)
"Resolve your 'Ego', it is all one web With vibrant ether clotted into worlds: Your subject, self, or self-assertive 'I' Turns nought but object, melts to molecules, Is stripped from naked Being with the rest Of those rag-garments named the Universe."
George Eliot, Victorian 19, I grant you ample leave, iambic pentameter, no rhyme scheme
"I grant you ample leave To use the hoary formula 'I am' Naming the emptiness where thought is not; But fill the void with definition, 'I' Will be no more a datum than the words You link false inference with, the 'Since' & 'so'"
George Eliot, Victorian 19, iambic pentameter, no rhyme scheme
I grant you ample leave
George Eliot, Victorian 19, iambic pentameter, no rhyme scheme
Talk about modern major general context
Gilbert 19th century britain Satire; 19th century; use of many discursive fields; seemingly jack of all trades but seems like he's just spouting off all of this memorized knowledge; multisyllabic rhyming and repetition of modern-major general: call and response. almost as if a chant to reinforce what he's saying. Dramatic irony in "modern" because of the farcicle nature of the song.
"we real cool. We/ Left school. We Lurk late. We"
Gwendolyn brooks, we real cool, 20 (1960), Kansas (grew up in chicago), dactylic triple meter Enjambment Penultimate rhyme Slant rhyme (sing and sin)
What is the meter of "skimming lightly wheeling still"
Iambic tetrameter
"Skimming lightly, wheeling still: The swallows fly low / Over the fields in clouded days, / The forest-field of Shiloh"
LYRIC POEM: 1st person perspective, subjective (perception of reality), timeless (no time passes in the poem), apostrophe. Herman melville, 19, metrically eclectic poem; series of couplets and cross-rhyming, recurring B rhyme (rhyming with shiloh) Content is not narrowly historical: vision of a field of dead men and swallows circling it.
"Not death but _____" Elizabeth Barret-Browning, 19 victorian, from sonnets from the portuguese
Love (interesting that love and death act in the same way; shakespearean realization/reversal happening in last lines; like dickinson, personification of death"
Shiloh
Melville
Chaucer: Middle English or old English?
Middle English
"So colombus said, somebody show me the sunset and somebody did and he set SAIL FOR IT, / and he discovered America and they put him in JAIL FOR IT."
Nash, 20, doggerel, stutter stepped, end stopped, (,) End rhyme and couplets, (Gilbert, 19, modern major general)
"Once upon a time there was an italian, / And some people thought he was a rapscallion, / ... But he went and tried to borrow some money from Ferdinand / But ferdinand said America was a bird in the bush and he's rather have a berdinand."
Nash, 20, doggerel, stutter stepped, end stopped, end rhyming and couplets (Gilbert, 19, modern major general)
"But he went and tried to borrow some money from Ferdinand / But Ferdinand said America was a bird in the bush and he'd rather have a berdinand, / But Columbus' brain was fertile, it wasn't arid, / And he remembered that Ferdinand was married, / And he thought, there is no wife like a misunderstood one, / Because if her husband thinks something is a terrible idea she is bound to think it a good one,"
Nash, columbus, 20, doggerel, multisyllabic rhyming stutter-stepped and end stopped
"My name is ______, King of kings look on my words, ye Mighty, and despair! Nothing beside remains. Bound the decay Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away"
Ozymandias, shelley, 19 (iambic pentameter; 6 stresses in "half sunk a shattered visage lies whose frown"; greek prosidy impressed on traditional meter, shows that names are limited; half sunk is a spondee //)
"I met a traveler from an antique land / Who said: "two cast and tunkless lefs of stone / Stand in the desert...near them, on the sand Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown"
Percy Shelley, ozymandias, 19
Ozymandias, 19
Percy shelley
"Hope is the thing with feathers" is an example of what literary device
Personification
a ____ ____ consists of an octet and sestet: ABBA ABBA CDE CDE
Petrarchan sonnet
"I was a child and she was a child, In this kingdom by the sea"
Poe, 19 boston, less strictly adheres to metrical pattern, anapest then iamb, (deploying rhyme to punctuate moments of passionate mourning; language "chilling and killing" consciously eerie and deliberate)
Poems published ______
Posthumasly
Chaucer rhyming style
Rhyming in couplets
"That's my last Dutchess painted on the wall Looking as if she were alive. I call That piece a wonder, now: Fra Pandolf's hands Worked busily a day, and there she stands."
Robert browning, My last Dutchess, Victorian 19, iambic pentameter with some inversions, rhyming couplets
..."Never to stoop. Oh sir, she smiled, no doubt, Whene'er I passed her; but who passed without Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together. There she stands As if alive. Wil't please you rise? We'll meet..."
Robert browning, my last Dutchess, Victorian 19, iambic pentameter, rhyming couplets
Some of george Elliot's discursive fields include ______ _______ ________
Science, quantitative analysis, logic (you link false inference with since and so), psychology
____ wrote during the Jacobean period (1603 King James 1st) in which England and Scotland were unified by one reign
Shakespeare
"If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damasked, red and white, but no such roses see I in her cheeks, And in some perfumes is there more delight; ....And yet by heaven I think my love as rare / as any she belied with false compare"
Shakespeare (sonnet 130), iambic pentameter, 16
"My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips red: if snow be white, when then here breasts are dun"
Shakespeare (sonnet 130), iambic pentameter, 16
"When in eternal lines to Time thou grow'st: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see So long live this, and this gives life to thee"
Shakespeare (sonnet 18 "shall I compare thee to a summer's day), Iambic pentameter, 16 (overconfidence: self congratulatory; because I wrote this poem, youll live foreverl how characterizes approach to adressee: psychical aspect of romance series of complients on physical beauty Quattrain 1-2: comparison to summer, limitations to summer in describing beauty Q 3: direct compliments of addressee C: make immortal, parting exhortation/realization. Rhetorical address takes shape of sonnet: pont, point, counterpoint, realization)
"And often is his gold complexion dimmes: And every fair from fair sometimes declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, nor lose possession of that fir they owest"
Shakespeare (sonnet 18) , iambic pentameter, 16
"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? / Thou art more lovely and more temperate: / Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May./"
Shakespeare (sonnet 18) , iambic pentameter, 16
a ____ ____ consists of 3 quattrains and a couplet ABAB CDCD EFEF GG
Shakespearean sonnet
(But what like a bullet can undecieve)
Shiloh
T/f: Robert Browning's My Last Dutchess carries the same wrought of metrical practice as Chaucer through using iambic pentameter. (My last Dutchess also uses rhyming couplets)
T
t/f: Wyatt was a court poet in London, which can perhaps explain the context of Whoso List to Hunt, as it relates to his love of the King's queen
T
t/f: chaucer made up iambic pentameter; it is based on french and italian models at a time in which london was becoming an internation depot for literature; Chaucer, in this way, was a hipster
T
"Turning and turning in the widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold mere anarchy is loosed upon the world the blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere"
The second coming, Yeats, modernism 20, iambic pentameter, (blank, unrhymed octet and then 14 lines sonnet)
"I am the very model of a modern Major-General. / I've information vegetable, animal, and mineral, / I know the kings of England, and I quote the fights historical /From Marathon to Waterloo, I order categorical;
W.S Gilbert, 19, iamabic octameter, multisyllabic rhyme, Like Edgar allen Poe but Poe uses in somber manner (The Raven). Critique of British aristocracy and entitled establishment. Satire.
_______ was like chaucer in that he was a white beaurocrat, except in the 20th CE Modernist era
Wallace Stevens (The idea of order at Key west; blank verse, unrhymed, iambic pentameter)
"of SKY and SEA it WAS her VOICE that MADE"
Wallace Stevens, the idea of order at Key west; modernist 20, blank verse unrhymed iambic pentameter (abstractions collection)
"the sky acutest at its vanishing. She measured to the hour its solitude. She was the single artificer of the world In which she sang. And when she sang, the sea, Whatever self it had, became the self That was her song, for she was the maker. Then we, As we beheld her striding there alone, Knew that there never was a world for her, Except the one she sand and, singing, made."
Wallace Stevens, the idea of order at Key west; modernist 20, blank verse unrhymed iambic pentameter (abstractions collection)
"Fainting I follow, I leave off therefore....Noli me tangere, for Caesar's I am"
Whoso list to hunt, Wyatt, 16th
____ is the repetition of initial consonant sounds
alliteration
_______ applies to the b-verse, midevil meter 1400, piers plowman
alliterative meter (blank verse; unrhymed, alliterative meter)
Describe the meter: "For the MOON never BEAMS, without BRINGing me DREAMS Of the BEAUtiful ANNabell Lee; And the stars never rise, but I feel the bright eyes of the Beautiful annabell lee; And so, all the night-tide, I lie doen by the dise Of my darling—my darling—my life and my bride in her sepulchre there by the sea— In her tomb by the sounding sea." -Poe, 19, Annabell Lee
alternating between anapestic tetrameter and anapestic trimeter (uu/ uu/ uu/ uu/ and uu/ uu/ uu/)
uu/
anapest (triple meter; anapestic trimeter; think mariachi, How pleasent to know mr lear 19CE)
___ ____ is unrhymed verse with iambic pentameter; piers plowman; wallace stevens SM IOKW); while ___ ___ is unrhymed, w/o meter verse (song of myself weeee).
blank verse; free verse
" I have seen roses damasked red and white" and "so such roses see I" is an example of what rhetoric device
chiasm: ABC, CBA; syntactically mirror images. (Subject, verb, object, then Object, verb, subject)
____ is crude, simplistic verse, often in sing-song rhyme, like limericks.
doggerel (nash, 20, langland, 14)
The omission of an unstressed vowel or syllable to preserve the meter of a line of poetry is _____
elison
"and IN some PERfumes IS there MORE deLIGHT" specifically "delight" is an example of _____ ____
emphatic syntax
Name the literary effect "Calling out, "He's gone out in his night- gown, that crazy old Englishman, oh!"
enjambment
The lines: "So weeping, how a mystic Shape did MOVE Behind me, and drew me backward by the hair And a voice said in mastery, while I STROVE" is an example of _____ _____. (elizabeth barret-browning, From sonnets from the portuguese, 19 victorian)
eye rhyme
t/f: shakespeare's sonnet came before wyatt's version
f (wyatt (16th ce) came before shakespeare (2nd half 16th ce)
Two poets that "do" multisyllabic rhymes are ____ and ____
gilbert; Nash (think gilbert's modern major general 19, and nash's colombus, 20)
u/
iamb
Describe chaucer's meter
iambic pentameter; Light, fewer content words in each line: soote has two syllables; final e is Schwa; when zephrous sweete breath
Compare sonnet 18 (shall i compare thee to a summer s day) with sonnet 130 (my mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun) \
in both ways, comparisons fail. But after Q3, the couplet signals a change.
______ poets refer to those writing in new forms in the 20th century after the victorian period. 17th ce-->romanticism-->victorian-->_____
modernist (wallace stevens IOKW TSM; william carlos williams RWB; yeats SC; Gertrude stein SIM; Pound C)
describe the rhetorical address that takes shake in a shakesperean sonnet, particularly 18 Shall i compare thee to a summer's day:
point, point, counterpoint, realization
a _____ has 14 lines, in iambic pentameter
sonnet
examples of ______ include Ozymandias,
sonnets
term for // (eg, "HALF SUNK a SHATTered VISage LIES, whose FROWN" ozymandias, shelly, 19)
spondee
The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language; how order of words make an impact
syntax
iambic trimeter (in ballad meter)
xSxSxS(x)
iambic tetrameter
xSxSxSxS(x) sometimes SxxSxSxS(x)
iambic pentameter
xSxSxSxSxS(x), sometimes SxxSxSxSxS(x)