stupid ass quizzes quizlet
environmental cue that resets a biological clock
A "zeitgeber" is a(n) ____.
a combination of EEG and eye-movement records
A polysomnograph displays ____.
retinohypothalamic
A small branch of the optic nerve, known as the ____ path extends directly from the retina to the SCN.
auditory cortex map of sounds
A tonotopic map refers to a(n) ____.
basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, producing action potentials at the same frequency
According to the frequency theory, the ____.
True
According to the place theory, the basilar membrane resembles the strings of a piano in that each area along the membrane is tuned to a specific frequency. T/F
SCN
After isolating a neuron from the rest of the brain, you find that it has a moderately stable circadian rhythm. The most likely home of this neuron is in the ____.
the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to push against hair cells
An acceleration of the head at any angle causes ____.
parvocellular
Being able to detect fine details of a color painting would depend most on which type of ganglion cells?
False
Conductive deafness is primarily a problem with the auditory nerve. T/F
left eye
Cutting the left optic nerve in front of the optic chiasm would result in blindness in the ____.
the ability to describe the shape or size of an object
Damage to the ventral stream may interfere with ____.
red; green
Difficulty distinguishing between ____ and ____ is the most common form of color vision deficiency.
phase; loudness
Humans localize low frequencies by ____ differences and high frequencies by ____ differences.
bipolar cells
In the human retina, messages go from receptors at the back of the eye to ____.
True
Infants have several reflexes not seen in adults. T/F
False
Itching appears to be a type of pain message. T/F
True
Lateral inhibition is the reduction of activity in one neuron by activity in neighboring neurons. T/F
pupil
Light enters the eye through an opening in the center of the iris called the ____.
the left half
Light from the right half of the world strikes which part of the retina?
mimicking the effects of endorphins at the synapses
Morphine and other opiate drugs decrease sensitivity to pain by ____.
integrating vision with action
Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a dorsal branch important for ____.
movement of objects and sounds
Patients with damage in area MT have problems with perception of ____.
rods
Peripheral vision mainly depends upon ____.
True
Photopigments are stable in the dark. T/F
frequency
Pitch is a perception related to which aspect of sound?
elaborate neuron endings for touch
Ruffini's endings are ____.
stage 2
Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most characteristic of which sleep stage?
zeitgebers
Social stimuli - that is, the effects of other people - are weak ____, unless they induce exercise or other vigorous activity.
parietal lobe
Somatosensory information travels from the thalamus to which area of the cortex?
block histamine
Some drugs used to treat allergies may produce drowsiness if they ____.
Part of the brain is still asleep.
Sometimes people find themselves unable to move their postural muscles immediately after awakening Why?
awakens a sleeping individual
Stimulation of the pontomesencephalon ____.
endopiriform cortex
Taste and smell axons converge onto many of the same cells in an area called the ____.
When the proteins reach a high level, they turn off the genes that produce them.
The PER and TIM proteins accumulate during the day until they cause sleepiness. What prevents them from continuing to accumulate at night?
True
The biological clock depends on part of the hypothalamus, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus. T/F
False
The coding of visual information in your brain results in an exact duplicate of the object's shape on the surface of the cortex. T/F
False
The cornea is an adjustable structure in the eye that focuses light. T/F
the frequency of action potentials
The current view of how we perceive sounds less than 100 Hz is based on ____.
True
The dominant zeitgeber for land animals is light. T/F
lateral inhibition in the retina
The enhancement of contrast at the edge of an object is the result of ____.
thalamus
The lateral geniculate nucleus is part of the ____.
every stimulation of the optic nerve is perceived as light
The law of specific nerve energies states that ____.
melatonin
The pineal gland releases the ____ hormone, which influences both circadian and circannual rhythms.
oval window
The tympanic membrane connects to three tiny bones that transmit the vibrations to the ____.
They spread out the air waves over an area of larger diameter.
Three small bones connect the tympanic membrane to the oval window. What is the function of these bones?
movement of the head
What does the vestibular system detect?
Animals' activity patterns become less consistent and no longer respond to light and dark cycles.
What happens after damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus itself?
sudden periods of sleepiness during the day
What is narcolepsy?
it is light sleep in some ways and deep sleep in other ways
What is paradoxical about paradoxical sleep?
Its neurons generate a 24-hour rhythm by themselves.
What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in circadian rhythms?
nerve
What kind of deafness is the result of damage to the cochlea or the hair cells?
Non-pain information can inhibit pain information.
What process is predicted by the gate theory of pain?
on the basilar membrane
Where are the auditory receptor cells located?
being obese
Which of the following increases risk of sleep apnea?
b)
Which of the following is most clearly under the control of a circadian rhythm in most animals? a) mating b) sleep c) storage of body fat d) migration
cones only
Which receptors are responsible for the perception of color?
c
Which statement characterizes the fovea? a) It surrounds the point of exit of the optic nerve. b) It falls in the shadow cast by the pupil. c) It has the greatest perception of detail. d) It has more rods than cones.
opponent- process theory
Which theory of color vision is best able to explain negative color afterimages?
True
Young children are more likely to be "morning people" than older adults. T/F
photopigments
____ are chemicals that release energy when struck by light.
position and movement of a part of the body
A proprioceptor is sensitive to the ____.
glucose use decreases
During aerobic exercises such as dancing, as glucose is used by the muscles, ____.
slow-twitch fibers
Exercising at a high altitude where there is less oxygen is most likely to affect ____.
cannot accurately describe what they see but can reach out to grasp it
In contrast to people with posterior parietal damage, people with damage to certain parts of the occipital cortex outside the primary visual cortex ____.
extensor
In movement, the ____ muscle straightens the arm.
watching others perform movements
Mirror neurons are active when ____.
brain activity for the movement begins before we are conscious of our decision
Studies on conscious decisions regarding voluntary movements suggest that _______
remain relatively stable
Suppose you fell into a cave and lost your watch. Without any time cues, your circadian rhythm would ____.
eye muscles have a lower ratio of muscle fibers to axons
The eye muscles can be moved with greater precision than the biceps muscles because ____.
True
The motor cortex can become active when imagining movement.
premotor cortex
The part of the cortex that is most active during preparations for a movement and less active during the movement itself is the ____.
responds to lights, noises, and other signals for a movement.
The prefrontal cortex ____.
during the second or two prior to a movement
The supplementary motor cortex becomes active ____.
anaerobic
Vigorous use of fast-twitch fibers results in fatigue because the process is ____.
walking on a leg that has "fallen asleep"
What experience is similar to losing proprioception?
cardiac
What type of muscle controls movements of the heart?
