Sudden Death In Athletes
Sudden Death in Adults and Young Athletes
< 35 y/o = congenital CV disorder, > 35 y/o = atherosclerotic disease
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
L ventricular outflow obstruction, predisposes athlete to arrhythmias
Types of Coronary Conduction Disorders
Wolfe-Parkinson-White Syndrome, Long Q-T syndrome, Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
Long Q-T Syndrome
abnormality of heart's electrical system, prolonged Q-T segment on ECG
Wolfe-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW)
accessory conduction pathway contracts more rapidly than AV node and one ventricle contracts just before the other. causes ventricular fibrillation and is fatal unless defibrillation occurs w/in minutes
Impact of Marfan's Syndrome on Athlete
can play if they don't have one or more of the following: 1. aortic root dilation 2. moderate-severe MV regurgitation 3. family hx of sudden death in Marfan relative
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PST)
defect in discharge pattern of SA node causing >150 bpm at rest, common in children and brought on by caffeine, drugs, alcohol, nicotine, non-lifethreatening
Signs and Sx's of Myocarditis
exercise intolerance, CHF signs, tachycardia, cough, dyspnea, abnormal heart sounds
Clinical Presentation and Management of WPW Syndrome
exertional syncope, increase HR and palpations. medication to limit HR and surgery to obliterate additional conducion pathway
Contributing Factor to Sudden Death
high-intensity exercise, electrolyte imbalance, high body temp, performance enhancers, dietary supplements
Most common cause of Sudden Death
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Myocarditis
inflammation of heart muscle. viral, bacterial, protozoal infection
Sudden Death
non-traumatic, nonviolent, unexpected event from cardiac arrest w/in 6 hours of previously witnessed state of normal health
Clinical Presentation of PST
palpations, anxiety, dyspnea, chest pain/tightness, syncope
Impact of WPW on Athlete
restriction of activity, may play if: no hx of palpations or structural abnormalities and don't present w/ tachycardia
Coronary Conduction Disorder
result in arrhythmias that lead to fibrillation and acute heart failure
Marfan's Syndrome
results in connective tissue disease, weak aortic arch, MVP or regurgitation
Signs and Sx's of Long Q-T
ventricular tachycardia, syncope, death