Suicide prevention Final
Where does alcohol use rank in cause of death among adolescents?
Alcohol is the LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH among adolescents.
Schizophrenia stats
Approximately 10-13% die by suicide **leading cause of premature death** general population is .01%
Rates of individuals with schizophrenia that attempt suicide
Approximatley 40% of individuals with schizophrenia at least once in their life. up to 60% for males.
3rd style of problem solving
Avoidance *characterized by procrastination *inaction *dependency *shifts responsibility to others
What percentage of undergrads have attempted suicide?
1.1%-2.2%
schizophrenia facts (4)
10x greater risk if 1st degree biological relative. *researchers agree it's a neurobiological disorder.
Schizophrenia facts (1)
2.2 million americans have schizophrenia in a year. 8/1,000
What percentage of Undergrads have attempted made a plan for suicide?
2.2%-2.3%
How many suicide attempts estimated to occur among adolescents for every death by suicide?
200 attempts per every death by suicide
Risk factor: sexuality (Adolescent suicide) Stat 4
25% of LGBT youth are estimated to have severe drug and alcohol problems.
What is the suicide rank in terms of leading cause of death for adolescents?
2nd leading cause of death among adolescents.
What is the suicide rank in terms of leading cause of death on college campuses?
2nd leading cause of death on college campuses
How many students reported missing school at least one day in the past month due to safety concerns?
5% of students *26.1% felt depressed within past 2 weeks.
What percentage of undergrads have seriously considered suicide?
6.6%-7.5%
What percentage of people who attempt suicide have drugs/alcohol in system during time of attempt?
75% of people who attempt suicide have drugs or alcohol in their system.
2nd style of problem-solving
Impulsivity/Carelessness *narrow *careless *active attempts to apply problem solving skills *not well thought out *applying first solution that comes to mine *incomplete monitoring evaluation of the outcome
Risk factor: sexuality (Adolescent suicide) Stat 1
It is estimated that every 5 hours a teen takes their own life because of their sexuality and the stress it can cause.
Risk factor: sexuality (Adolescent suicide) Stat 2
LGBT youth are 2-3x more likely to attempt suicide than heterosexual youth.
Risk factors for adolescent suicide (5)
Loneliness and Isolation **particularly LGBT youth and bullying**
How many students reported being bullied during the past 12 months?
Nearly 20% of students reported being bullied on school property during the past 12 months.
1st style of problem solving
Rational problem solving *persistant *making effort *systematic *setting goals *evaluates possible consequences *monitors the outcomes
Teen suicide: protective factors (3)
School and community factors: *Access to effective care for mental, physical, and substance abuse disorders *sense of contentedness to school and belonging with the school community *restricted access to lethal means *Availability and accessibility of student support services and personnel
Schizophrenia can be defined as:
a mental disorder characterized by abnormalities in the perception or expression of reality **characterized by auditory and visual hallucinations and bizarre delusion. Significant social dysfunction**
schizophrenia positive symptons
add to behavior **hallucinations, racing thoughts**
Risk factors for adolescent suicide (4)
alcohol and drug use
Bipolar 1 disorder
also known as manic depressive dx. -a mood disorder in which an individual experiences periods of extremely elevated mood (mania) and periods of depression
Teen suicide: protective factors
individual characteristics and behaviors: *Psychological or emotional well-being, positive mood Positive beliefs about and hopes and plans for the future Desire to finish school Internal locus of control, i.e., feeling like one has an impact on one's world and the world of others Problem-solving and coping skills, including conflict resolution Frustration tolerance and ability to regulate emotions Self-esteem Spiritual beliefs or regular church attendance Cultural and religious beliefs that affirm life and discourage suicide A sense of responsibility to family or friends, not wanting to hurt family or friends Physical activity, especially aerobic activity
Risk factor for adolescents: alcohol
o Individuals who begin drinking prior to age **15 are 4X more likely** to develop **alcoholism** than those who begin drinking at 21 o Alcohol decreases serotonin levels. Serotonin attempts to re-adjust itself the next day, and it causes negative symptoms
Schizophrenia facts (3)
onset typically occurs between teens and early 30's (18-23). **women experience a 2nd peak in mid 30s, Bi-modal**
Schizophrenia facts (2)
overall prevalence .5%-1.5%
myths
patients take their own lives when they are psychotic patients respond to command hallucinations (patients are pretty good at handling that) **true: patients take their own lives typically during periods of more stability**
Bipolar disorder fact sheet
prevalence is about 1% of adult general population average age of onset is 20 for both genders
Suicide & social problem solving:
problem: - "a specific life circumstance that demands responses for **adaptive functioning**, but **no effective response** is **immediately available** or **identifiable**...due to the presence of **various obstacles**". Problems represent a discrepancy between reality and one's desired goals
Teen suicide: protective factors (2)
social support: *family *friends *counselors, teachers, mentors *ongoing support from individuals and groups
Teen suicide: protective factors
social support: *family and friends *student groups *religious groups *problem solving abilities & seeking mental health
4 steps to problem solving
step 1: define the problem step 2: generate alternative solutions step 3: decision making step 4: solution implementation and verification
Schizophrenia negative Symptoms
take away from behavior **poverty of speech, poverty of thought**
Risk factors for adolescent suicide
• Risk factors for suicide for adolescents o Depression o Alcohol and substance abuse o LGBTQ and issues of sexuality o Loneliness and isolation o Bullying (cyber, emotional, and physical)
Organizations that promote mental health
◦ National Suicide Prevention Hotline ◦ The Trevor Project ◦ The Jed Foundation ◦ Active Minds ◦ To Write Love on Her Arms
teen suicide : warning signs
*disinterest in favorite extra-curricular activities *declining grades *risky behavior taking *substance abuse **actually says "im thinking of committing suicide" or "i wish i could die" or "I want bother you anymore** *teenager starts giving away favorite belongings* *shows signs of extreme cheerfulness following periods of depression. *expresses bizarre thoughts on occasions
Teen suicide: situational risk (triggers, final straws)
*loss of romantic relationship *loss of friendship *death of a loved one *expelled from school *kicked off athletic team *trouble with law enforcement
Intervening: Where
*psychiatric hospitals *emergency room *homeless shelters *primary care offices
Strengths in problem solving ability
*strengths in problem solving ability are associated with: -psychological well-being -competence -productivity -optimism
Risk factor for adolescents: Substance use & abuse
*we need more education around weed *everyday about 6000 youth try weed for the 1st time. *about 2,700 try cocaine for the 1st time.
Common profile for schizophrenic patient
-male under 30, with a high IQ, high achiever in earlier years (deals with lost potential) -painfully aware of schizophrenic state
risk factor for adolescent suicide: substance abuse
-teens report alcohol abuse and substance use a common problem among their friends. *adolescents between the ages of 18-25 report very high levels of binge drinking and alcohol dependence.
Suicide & social problem solving (3)
EFFECTIVE SOLUTION is further defined as one that achieves the **appropriate problem-solving goals** while **maximizing positive consequences** and **minimizing negative consequences**
Risk Factors for adolescent suicide (1)
#1 risk factor is prior history of attempting suicide (decreases fear of dying, and increases acquired capability)
Garlow article (2008)
**85% of students with severe depression were not receiving any psychiatric services at the time of assessment.** **84% of students with current suicidal ideation were not receiving any psychiatric services at the time of assessment**
Intervening: how
**ASK!!!* *support *treat (medications, therapy)
Risk factors for suicide in schizophrenic patients
**Recent admission to or discharge from a psychiatric hospital** *previous history of suicide attempt *depression discontinuation of medication *good pre-morbid functioning (deals with lost potential) -age, sex, gender, race
Intervening: When
**admission to and discharge from hospital** *after a psychotic episode *incarceration period *during depressive episode
Risk factor for adolescent suicide: Hopelessness
**hopelessness is the idea that things suck and they're not going to get any better** *it involves a negative view of the future and belief that things wont get better.
Positive problem orientation
**oriented to problems in a positive way** *appraise the problem as a challenge *believes problems are solvable (optimist) *believes in one's personal ability *commits to solving problems by taking action
Negative problem orientation
**view the problem as a significant threat to well-being** *doubt one's personal ability to solve problems successfully * becomes frustrated and upset with problems
Risk factor: sexuality (Adolescent suicide) Stat 3
*Estimated 30% of teen suicides are LGBTQ *Many LGBT drop out of school because of bullying or harassment.
protective factors for suicide
*adherence to treatment *effective treatment *clozapine treatment *positive social support system *positive coping *difficult access to means
Risk factor for adolescent suicide: loneliness
*being without company *being cut off from others *sad from being alone *loneliness keeps people constricted in their thoughts and their experiences
deficits in problem solving ability
*deficits in problem solving ability is related to: -depression -anxiety -substance abuse -suicide risk
social problem solving ability
Defined as "the self-directed cognitive behavioral processes by which a person attempts to identify or discover effective or adaptive ways of coping with problematic situations encountered in the course of everyday living. **problem solving is something that can be taught**
Risk factors for adolescent suicide (3)
Depression/ Hopelessness
Risk factors for adolescent suicide: Depression
Depressive episode lasts **2 weeks or more**, and causes some impairment signs: *withdrawal from family *loss of interest in activities *changes in sleep and eating (can sleep too much or too little) *frequent crying *lack of motivation.
Risk Factors for adolescent suicide (2)
History of psychiatric disorder- Because disorder impairs cognition, behavior, and emotions.
Suicide & social problem solving (2)
Solution: SOLUTION is any **situation-specific** **coping response** or pattern that is the **outcome of the problem solving process**