supply chain management test 3 chapter 8
pull system
same thing as lean system
control chart center line is
the mean; and everything should be near it
six sigma quality
-is an enterprise and supply chain wide philosophy that emphasizes a commitment toward excellence and encompasses suppliers, employees, and customers -near quality perfection -pioneered by motorola -a statistics based decision making framework designed to make significant quality improvements in value adding processes
small batch scheduling
-move from large batch towards single (small batch) production and drives down costs -reducing purchashd, WIP, finished good inventories -makes the firm more flexible to meet customer demand -small production batches are accomplished with kanban
control charts
a method that monitors process variabilities and then collects and plots sample measurements of the process over time the means of these sample measures are plotted on the control charts, road with dots
process map
aka process diagrams- necessary first step to evaluating and manufacturing or service process.
check sheets
allow users to determine frequencies for specific problems. manger makes a list of potential problem areas based on experience and observation and then directs employees to keep counts of each problem occurrence on check sheets. where errors occur. is it bad? tallies
dpmo
defects per million oppurtunities
natural variation
expected and random (cant control)
assignable variations
have a specific cause
statistical process control
helps to decide if process is in control or if corrective action is needed -natural variations -assignable variations -variable data -attribute data
kanban
three step process in which an employee at one of the steps signals the previous step to provide materials
Six Sigma strives for what DPMO
6 - 3.4
lean layouts
arrangements that reduce wasted movements of workers, customers and or worker in process, and achieve smooth product flow through the facility -move people and materials when and where needed ASAP
JIT
better to do small batches of things in order to get it right
inventory reduction
by reducing inventory you can see the problems of what is not selling or what is not being used.
assignable variation
can be traced to a specific cause. created by causes that can be identified and eliminated and thus become the objective of statistical process and control efforts
fishbone chart
cause and effect, problem is at the front and the branches are the process of the problem
manufacturing cells
cells that are designed to process similar parts of components, saving duplication of equipment and labor as well as centralizing the area where units of the same purchased parts are delivered. -process similar parts or components saving duplication of equipment and labor -are often u-shaped to facilitate easier operator and materials movements
random variation
changes due to unexpected or unpredictable events such as natural disasters, strikes, wars. -allows firm to be leaner, cheaper, have high product quality
variable data
continuous data that is measured: weight, gallons, liters, ounces, height
c chart
control chart used to monitor the number of defects per unit
p chart
control chart used to monitor the proportion of defectives in a process
traditional layouts
crazy scattered system of production
attribute data
data that are counted: # of defects, pass/fail, good/bad, # of complaints
DMAIC improvement cycle
define measure analyze improve control
JIT purchasing includes
delivering small quantities at the right time delivered to right location in the right quantities
waste reduction (muda)
element of lean production -firms reduce costs and add value by eliminating waste from the productive system *waste encompasses wait times, inventories, material and people movement, processing steps, variability, non value adding activity.
the seven wastes
overproducing, waiting, transportation, over-processing, excess inventory, excess movement, scrap and rework.
a kanban is used
to sign off the person behind you, generates pull system
flow diagrams
use annotated boxes representing process action elements and ovals representing wait periods, connected by arrows to show the flow of products or customers through the process.
x bar chart
used to monitor the central tendency of a process
mean control charts
used to monitor the central tendency of a process -x bar charts
range control charts
used to monitor the process dispersion -r charts
pareto charts
useful for presenting data in an organized fashion, indicating process problems from most to least sever. bar graph, from highest to lowest, highlight what is most important