supply chain management test 3 chapter 8

pull system

same thing as lean system

control chart center line is

the mean; and everything should be near it

six sigma quality

-is an enterprise and supply chain wide philosophy that emphasizes a commitment toward excellence and encompasses suppliers, employees, and customers -near quality perfection -pioneered by motorola -a statistics based decision making framework designed to make significant quality improvements in value adding processes

small batch scheduling

-move from large batch towards single (small batch) production and drives down costs -reducing purchashd, WIP, finished good inventories -makes the firm more flexible to meet customer demand -small production batches are accomplished with kanban

control charts

a method that monitors process variabilities and then collects and plots sample measurements of the process over time the means of these sample measures are plotted on the control charts, road with dots

process map

aka process diagrams- necessary first step to evaluating and manufacturing or service process.

check sheets

allow users to determine frequencies for specific problems. manger makes a list of potential problem areas based on experience and observation and then directs employees to keep counts of each problem occurrence on check sheets. where errors occur. is it bad? tallies

dpmo

defects per million oppurtunities

natural variation

expected and random (cant control)

assignable variations

have a specific cause

statistical process control

helps to decide if process is in control or if corrective action is needed -natural variations -assignable variations -variable data -attribute data

kanban

three step process in which an employee at one of the steps signals the previous step to provide materials

Six Sigma strives for what DPMO

6 - 3.4

lean layouts

arrangements that reduce wasted movements of workers, customers and or worker in process, and achieve smooth product flow through the facility -move people and materials when and where needed ASAP

JIT

better to do small batches of things in order to get it right

inventory reduction

by reducing inventory you can see the problems of what is not selling or what is not being used.

assignable variation

can be traced to a specific cause. created by causes that can be identified and eliminated and thus become the objective of statistical process and control efforts

fishbone chart

cause and effect, problem is at the front and the branches are the process of the problem

manufacturing cells

cells that are designed to process similar parts of components, saving duplication of equipment and labor as well as centralizing the area where units of the same purchased parts are delivered. -process similar parts or components saving duplication of equipment and labor -are often u-shaped to facilitate easier operator and materials movements

random variation

changes due to unexpected or unpredictable events such as natural disasters, strikes, wars. -allows firm to be leaner, cheaper, have high product quality

variable data

continuous data that is measured: weight, gallons, liters, ounces, height

c chart

control chart used to monitor the number of defects per unit

p chart

control chart used to monitor the proportion of defectives in a process

traditional layouts

crazy scattered system of production

attribute data

data that are counted: # of defects, pass/fail, good/bad, # of complaints

DMAIC improvement cycle

define measure analyze improve control

JIT purchasing includes

delivering small quantities at the right time delivered to right location in the right quantities

waste reduction (muda)

element of lean production -firms reduce costs and add value by eliminating waste from the productive system *waste encompasses wait times, inventories, material and people movement, processing steps, variability, non value adding activity.

the seven wastes

overproducing, waiting, transportation, over-processing, excess inventory, excess movement, scrap and rework.

a kanban is used

to sign off the person behind you, generates pull system

flow diagrams

use annotated boxes representing process action elements and ovals representing wait periods, connected by arrows to show the flow of products or customers through the process.

x bar chart

used to monitor the central tendency of a process

mean control charts

used to monitor the central tendency of a process -x bar charts

range control charts

used to monitor the process dispersion -r charts

pareto charts

useful for presenting data in an organized fashion, indicating process problems from most to least sever. bar graph, from highest to lowest, highlight what is most important