Sustaining Water Quiz 8

The groundwater flow is from the pond to the creek. The water level in his well is lower in summer.

A farmer has a pond and a stream on his property. His well is in between the pond and the stream. The hydraulic head in the pond is 225 meters, 222 meters at the well, and 219 meters in the stream. In summer he notices that his pond is lower by 1 meter, while the stream is only 0.1 m lower. He also knows that the rock mass below his property is all sand and gravel. Which of the following statements are likely to be true for the farmer's well? The groundwater flow is from the creek to the pond. The water level in his well is higher in summer. The groundwater flow is from the pond to the creek. The water level in his well is lower in summer.

The hydraulic head gradient increases, which increase the flow of water toward the well. The well is capturing groundwater at a rate which can be maintained indefinitely, so long as pumping at the well does not increase.

A well pumps water from an aquifer and creates a cone of depression in the water table. The cone of depression maintains a constant form over time. Which of the following statements about this aquifer are true? The hydraulic head gradient increases, which increase the flow of water toward the well. The hydraulic head decreases, and water flow to the well decreases. The well is capturing groundwater at a rate which can be maintained indefinitely, so long as pumping at the well does not increase. The aquifer runs out of water.

Gravity depends on the mass of the Earth, which changes on a daily basis due to water cycle exchanges between reservoirs (atmosphere, rivers, lakes, oceans, groundwater, glaciers, etc).

How do gravity surveys from satellites detect annual groundwater changes around the world? Gravity depends on the mass of the Earth, which changes on a daily basis due to water cycle exchanges between reservoirs (atmosphere, rivers, lakes, oceans, groundwater, glaciers, etc). Gravity depends on electrical attractions between water and rock, and the satellites are sensitive to the electrical field changes. None of these are correct. Gravity depends on the height of the land surface, and so the gravity satellites are able to detect land surface subsidence.

We can determine sustainable groundwater use by measuring recharge and discharge from an aquifer.

How do we determine groundwater sustainability? We can determine sustainable groundwater use by measuring recharge and discharge from an aquifer. There is no such thing as sustainable groundwater use, so we don't measure anything to determine sustainability. We can determine sustainable groundwater use by measuring uranium isotopes in groundwater. We can determine sustainable groundwater use by hiring water "dousers" or "water witches" who measure groundwater attraction to hand held willow switches or copper rods.

Vadose zone

The following are all characteristics of an aquifer, except: Groundwater Phreatic zone Vadose zone Permeable rocks

.2 x 11.6 = 2.32 2.32 x 633 = 1468.56 1468.56/435 = 3.376

Use Darcy's law to calculate the daily discharge of an aquifer, given hydraulic head gradient is 0.6 meter per 431 meters, the hydraulic conductivity is 5.8 meters per day, and aquifer cross section area is 757 square meters. The units are in cubic meters per day, and you won't need to put those into the answer.

Elevation head and pressure head

What are the components of hydraulic head? Permeability and porosity Velocity head and fluid viscosity Elevation head and pressure head Hydraulic conductivity and porosity

Hydraulic head in the aquifer, which is the sum of the height of the groundwater and the saturated thickness of the aquifer above the point of interest.

What drives groundwater movement through the subsurface? Cohesion is the only force acting on groundwater. Adhesion is the only force acting on groundwater. Hydraulic head in the aquifer, which is the sum of the height of the groundwater and the saturated thickness of the aquifer above the point of interest. Hydraulic head in the aquifer, which is the difference of the height of the groundwater and the saturated thickness of the aquifer above the point of interest.

An aquifer is a rock mass that has usable quantities of water in its pore spaces.

What is an aquifer? An aquifer is a rock mass that has low permeability and high porosity. An aquifer is a rock mass that has high permeability and very low porosity. An aquifer is a rock mass that serves as a recharge zone for groundwater. An aquifer is a rock mass that has usable quantities of water in its pore spaces.

An aquitard is a rock mass that has very low permeability, though it could have high porosity.

What is an aquitard or aquiclude? An aquitard is a rock mass that serves as a recharge zone for groundwater. An aquitard is a rock mass that has high permeability and very low porosity. An aquitard is a rock mass that has usable quantities of water in its pore spaces. An aquitard is a rock mass that has very low permeability, though it could have high porosity.

Groundwater is the water that occupies pore spaces in the Earth.

What is groundwater? Groundwater is the water that flows over the Earth's surface. Groundwater is the water that occupies pore spaces in the Earth. Groundwater is the water that has evaporated into the atmosphere from the land surface. Groundwater is the water that plants transpire into the atmosphere.

Hydraulic conductivity refers to the ease with which a fluid moves through the ground

What is hydraulic conductivity? Hydraulic conductivity refers to the elevation head in an aquifer Hydraulic conductivity refers to the pressure in groundwater Hydraulic conductivity refers to the ease with which a fluid moves through the ground Hydraulic conductivity refers to the volume of void space in a rock

Porosity is a measure of the relative amount of void space in a rock

What is porosity? Porosity is a measure of the relative amount of void space in a rock. Porosity characterizes the permeability of a rock Porosity is a measure of the fluid resistance to flow Porosity refers to the roughness of the rock surface

Groundwater with long residence times is likely to be more concentrated in inorganic elements. Older groundwater is likely to be more concentrated in inorganic elements.

What is the relationship between the concentration of elements in groundwater and groundwater age? Springs are more concentrated in inorganic elements than wells (based on data from Otsego County). not it Groundwater with short residence times is likely to be more concentrated in inorganic elements. not it Younger groundwater is likely to be more concentrated in inorganic elements. Older groundwater is likely to be more concentrated in inorganic elements. Groundwater with long residence times is likely to be more concentrated in inorganic elements.

The vadose zone is the unsaturated rock beneath the ground surface but above the water table.

What is the vadose zone? The vadose zone is the saturated rock beneath the water table. The vadose zone is the same as an aquifer. The vadose zone is the unsaturated rock beneath the ground surface but above the water table. The vadose zone is synonymous with discharge zone.

Carbon-14 was measured in wells, which helped date the water.

What tools were used to assess a groundwater budget for the Columbia River Basin aquifers? Calcium-44 was measured in wells, which helped date the water. Uranium-235 was measured in wells, which helped date the water. Ground-based laser scans detected subsidence of the ground surface. Carbon-14 was measured in wells, which helped date the water.

Adhesion Velocity head

Which of the following forces are left out of Darcy's law? Elevation head Pressure head Velocity head Adhesion

Base flow is sustained largely by groundwater discharges Base flow is sustained flow of a stream in the absence of direct runoff

Which of the following statements about base flow are correct? Base flow is sustained largely by groundwater discharges Base flow is relatively uncommon in a river, occurring less than 10% of the time Base flow is sustained flow of a stream in the absence of direct runoff Base flow is sustained by groundwater recharge

Stagnation zones of groundwater occur where local flow paths begin to turn and flow back toward discharge zones. Groundwater flows from high values of hydraulic head to low values. Groundwater in local flow paths is younger than groundwater in regional flow paths.

Which of the following statements about groundwater flow paths are true? Groundwater flows from high values of hydraulic head to low values. Stagnation zones of groundwater occur where local flow paths begin to turn and flow back toward discharge zones. Groundwater flows from low values of hydraulic head to high values. Groundwater in local flow paths is younger than groundwater in regional flow paths. Groundwater in regional flow paths is usually quite young and well-connected to recharge zones.

The water table is the top of the phreatic zone.

Which of the following statements about the water table are true? The water table is the top of the vadose zone. not it The water table coincides with recharge zones. not it The water table is never visible at the ground surface. not it The water table is the top of the phreatic zone.

Seeps and springs mark the location of a discharge zone where the water table intersects the land surface. Groundwater flows from high hydraulic head to low hydraulic head.

Which of the following statements are true about groundwater? Seeps and springs mark the location of a recharge zone where the water table intersects the land surface. not it Groundwater flows from low hydraulic head to high hydraulic head. Seeps and springs mark the location of a discharge zone where the water table intersects the land surface. Groundwater flows from high hydraulic head to low hydraulic head. not it