Systemic Anatomy - Final Exam

Pericardium

consists of fibrous layer or pericardial sac and parietal pericardium

Select the best description of the thoracic and upper lumbar lateral gray horns:

contain sympatheticpreganglionic cell bodies

____________ (or motor) impulses travel from the ____________ to the ____________ (muscles or glands).

efferent, central nervous system (CNS), effectors

Valves open/close

- when everything is in diastole or at rest the semilunar valves and aortic/pulmonary are closed, AV valves are open - when the ventricles contracts or are in systole, AV valves close, semilunar valves open - when back to diastole, AV valves open and then the semilunar valves will close

The number of phalanges in one hand is

14

Components of blood

55% plasma, buffy coat composed of WBC and platelets, 45% RBC

Which letter is pointing to the carpal/wrist region?

H

A bundle (fascicle) of skeletal muscle fibers (cells) is separated from neighboring bundles by perimysium.

TRUE

A somatic motor neuron together with all the skeletal muscle fibers (cells) it stimulates is called a motor neuron unit.

TRUE

An osteon (haversian system) is

a structural unit of compact bone

The cup-shaped depression formed by all three portions of the hip (coxal) bone is the ____________.

acetabulum

Select the muscle(s) served by the obturator nerve.

adductor muscle of the thigh

Which of the following is/are TRUE?

agonists contract while the antagonists relax and the biceps brachii and the triceps brachii are an antagonistic pair

Place the following events in the correct order.

an action potential arrives at the synaptic end bulb, ACh is released into the synaptic cleft, ACh binds to receptors on the motor end plate, and a muscle action potential is triggered

Types of blood vessels

arteries moves blood away from veins, arterioles are smaller diameter and moves into capillary beds, capillaries, venules are arterioles for the veins, veins

A characteristic of osteoclasts is that they

are responsible for the destruction (resorption) of matrix and the release of calcium into the bloodstream

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the sciatic nerve? It:

arises from the lumbar plexus

What structure(s) of the synovial joint absorb(s) shock from external forces that are placed on it?

articular cartilage, synovial fluid, and hyaline cartilage covering the articulating surface of the bones -- all of these choices

T wave

atria and ventricles repolarize

The word "dorsum" may be used to describe the

back of the hand and top of the foot

Which best describes the occipital bone?

bears condyles that form the atlanto-occipital joints

Which joint shows a pivot motion?

between atlas and dens of axis

Components of cardiovascular system

blood, heart and vessels

The hardness of bone is due to crystallized inorganic mineral salts such as calcium phosphate. The flexibility and tensile strength of bone are due to organic molecules such as collagen fibers.

both statements are true

From which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise?

brachial

When examined microscopically, striations are visible in the ____________ muscle tissues.

cardiac and skeletal

Dendrites are processes (cell extensions) of a neuron that:

carry nerve impulses INTO the neuron cell body

In what part of the brain would you find the arbor vitae?

cerebellum

The cerebral cortex is located where?

cerebrum

The main plexuses formed by the anterior(ventral) rami of spinal nerves are:

cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral

What anatomical structure is being described using the following anatomical terms: medial to the ear (otic); lateral to the nose (nasal); inferior to the eye (orbital); and superior to the maxillary (upper) teeth?

cheek (buccal)

The levels of structural organization from least complex to most complex are as follow:

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ.,system

Which best describes a typical cervical vertebra?

contains transverse foramina

The frontal bone

contribute to the sagittal suture, forms part of the floor of the orbit, articulates with the mandible or occipital bone -- none of these

Functions of the skeletal system DO NOT include

control of body temperature

The articular cartilage

covers the surface of the articulating bones at a synovial joint and helps absorb shock and reduces friction at a synovial joint

Q R S wave

depolarization of the ventricles, causes contractions

The phrenic nerve derives arises from the cervical plexus. Select the structure(s) served by it.

diaphragm

The patellar surface, with which the patella articulates, is located on the ____________ end of the ____________.

distal, femur

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is the specialized network of nerves and ganglia forming a complex, integrated neuronal network within the wall of the G.I. tract, pancreas and gallbladder?

enteric

Muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm are:

flexors of the wrist and digits

Membrane-filled spaces between cranial bones of an infant skull are called:

fontanels

Select the best description of the ependymal cells:

form lining of brain ventricles

A ____________ refers to a small mass of nervous tissue, consisting primarily of neuron cell bodies, outside of the brain and spinal cord.

ganglion

Which of the following is not a tarsal bone?

hamate

The ulna:

has a radial notch on its lateral surface

Which of the following terms could describe a joint at which flexion and extension are the ONLY movements?

hinge joint and monoaxial joint

Which best describes the lacrimal bone?

houses the structure that gathers tears

The ____________ is the major control and integration center of the autonomic nervous system.

hypothalamus

Which of the following responses is a result sympathetic stimulation?

increased rate and depth of breathing

Ventricles

inferior, thick-walled, separated by interventricular septum, pumping chambers, trabeculae carneae internal ridges

Layers of blood vessels

inner layer is tunica intima with endothelial cells, tunica media with smooth muscle and outer muscle is tunica externa or adventia with connective tissue that anchors the muscle

Which peripheral nerves are responsible for cutaneous sensation from the skin of the anterior abdominal wall as well as motor innervation to anterior abdominal wall muscles?

intercostal (thoracic) nerves

The gray matter of the spinal cord:

is subdivided into regions called horns, is surrounded by white matter, contains neuronal cell bodies -- all of these choices

Select the best description of a white ramus:

it contains sympathetic preganglionic axons

Which of the following is not a type of neuroglial (helper) cell?

kupfer cell

Which of the following best describes a tuberosity?

large, rounded, usually roughened surface for muscle attachment

Structures that are most responsible for holding bones together at a synovial joint are

ligaments

Pericardial cavity

located between pericardium and visceral pericardium -- also known as epicardium

A midsagittal section of the brain would pass through which of the following?

longitudinal fissure, corpus callosum, falx cerebri -- all of these choices

A block of which nerve would provide anesthesia to the lower teeth and chin?

mandibular branch of the trigeminal

Two muscles that insert on the angle and ramus of the mandible, and that elevate the mandible are:

masseter and temporalis

Which feature goes with the knee joint?

medial and lateral menisci

Which of the following is true of the radius?

none of these choices

In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary visual area?

occipital lobe

Which of the following is found on the posterior distal surface of the humerus?

olecranon fossa

Canaliculi allow nutrients to diffuse to mature bone cells located within lacunae of the osteon. Which of the following are those mature bone cells?

osteocytes

A good description for a condyloid (ellipsoidal) joint is

oval-shaped projection that fits into an oval depression

The post-central gyrus is in the ____________ lobe of the cortex; it contains the primary ___________ area.

parietal, somatosensory

Which of the following muscles is not attached to the scapula in any way?

pectoralis major

Most specifically, the heart is located in the

pericardial cavity

Layers of the heart

pericardium, epicardium or outer layer, myocardium is the thickest muscle and endocardium lines the blood vessels

Which of these does not belong to the distal row of carpal bones?

pisiform

Serous membranes are assocoiated with the

pleural cavity, pericardial cavity and abdominal cavity -- all of these choices

Which of the following contains sensory info ONLY?

posterior (dorsal) route

Which feature goes with the elbow joint?

radial collateral ligament

Which of the following muscles extends the leg at the knee and aids in flexion at the hip?

rectus femoris

The deltoid muscle is named according to:

relative shape of the muscle

In skeletal muscle, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR):

releases Ca2+ to trigger contraction

The primary type of movement permitted at a pivot joint is

rotation

The bone that consists of five fused bones, is triangular, and serves as one of the boundaries of the pelvic cavity is the:

sacrum

A ____________ section of the body or organ would divide the organ into it's right and left side.

sagittal

A typical reflex arc involves the following:

sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integrating center, motor neuron and effector

Cardiac muscle is best characterized by which of the following?

single nucleus, involuntary, with intercalated discs

Which of the following best describes a facet?

smooth, flat surface

The fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve) provides sensory info from the face. The three branches of the trigeminal nerve pass from the periphery of the face to the brain through three separate foramina. Which cranial bone contains the foramina for passage of branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve?

sphenoid

The senses of pain and temperature are conveyed to the brain by:

spinalthalamic tracts

Which of the following muscles rotates the head when contracted unilaterally?

sternocleidomastoid

Atria

superior, thin-walled, separated by interatrial septum, receiving chambers, auricles, pectinate muscles internal ridges

Vessels connected to the heart

superior/inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, arteries and pulmonary veins

The action that moves the palm of the hand into anatomical position is

supination

The greater tubercle of the humerus is the point of insertion of which of the following muscles?

supraspinatusconsisting primarily

A ____________ is a type of joint in which two bones are held together by a disc of fibrocartilage.

symphysis

Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely associated or matched?

talocrural (ankle), diarthrosis

Which skull bone contains the mandibular fossa, mastoid process, styloid process, and zygomatic process?

temporal

What pair of skull bones contributes to the only freely movable joint of the head?

temporal and mandible

Almost all sensory impulses pass through what structure on their way to the cerebral cortex?

thalamus

The mandible has condylar processes and coronoid processes.

the condylar process is articular; the coronoid process is for muscle attachment

Which of the following statements is false?

the diaphragm separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity

Inability to control eyeball movement may indicate damage to which cranial nerves?

trochlear IV, oculomotor III, abducens VI

The ethmoid bone DOES NOT contain

the inferior nasal conchae

The conus medullaris is:

the tapering end of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement

An accident report submitted by an officer who is a former anatomy student contains the following statement: "The victim suffered a severe blow to the mental region." This means:

the victim was struck on the chin

Which of the the following is characteristic of spongy bone tissue, but not of compact bone tissue?

trabeculae

Functions of blood

transports various substances, helps regulate several life processes, affords protection against disease, transports oxygen from lungs to tissues and transports wastes to various organs

Which portion of a vertebra DOES NOT surround the spinal cord to keep it protected from injury?

transverse process

Using the following directional terms, decide which bone is being described: proximal to metacarpal I; distal to the scaphoid bone; and lateral to the trapezoid bone.

trapezium

Of the muscles that move the forearm, two have points of origin on the scapula. They are biceps brachii and the:

triceps brachii

Select the structure(s) served by the radial nerve.

triceps brachii

In the motor (corticospinal) pathway how many neurons carry the signal to the myofibers?

two

A synapse is a functional junction between:

two neurons, a neuron and a muscle cell, a neuron and a glandular cell -- all of these

The cranial nerve which conveys parasympathetic control of most organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities is

vagus (X) nerve

P wave

when the SA node fires to atria tract

Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear"

white

Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely matched?

white matter, tracts in the central nervous system