Systemic Anatomy - Final Exam
Pericardium
consists of fibrous layer or pericardial sac and parietal pericardium
Select the best description of the thoracic and upper lumbar lateral gray horns:
contain sympatheticpreganglionic cell bodies
____________ (or motor) impulses travel from the ____________ to the ____________ (muscles or glands).
efferent, central nervous system (CNS), effectors
Valves open/close
- when everything is in diastole or at rest the semilunar valves and aortic/pulmonary are closed, AV valves are open - when the ventricles contracts or are in systole, AV valves close, semilunar valves open - when back to diastole, AV valves open and then the semilunar valves will close
The number of phalanges in one hand is
14
Components of blood
55% plasma, buffy coat composed of WBC and platelets, 45% RBC
Which letter is pointing to the carpal/wrist region?
H
A bundle (fascicle) of skeletal muscle fibers (cells) is separated from neighboring bundles by perimysium.
TRUE
A somatic motor neuron together with all the skeletal muscle fibers (cells) it stimulates is called a motor neuron unit.
TRUE
An osteon (haversian system) is
a structural unit of compact bone
The cup-shaped depression formed by all three portions of the hip (coxal) bone is the ____________.
acetabulum
Select the muscle(s) served by the obturator nerve.
adductor muscle of the thigh
Which of the following is/are TRUE?
agonists contract while the antagonists relax and the biceps brachii and the triceps brachii are an antagonistic pair
Place the following events in the correct order.
an action potential arrives at the synaptic end bulb, ACh is released into the synaptic cleft, ACh binds to receptors on the motor end plate, and a muscle action potential is triggered
Types of blood vessels
arteries moves blood away from veins, arterioles are smaller diameter and moves into capillary beds, capillaries, venules are arterioles for the veins, veins
A characteristic of osteoclasts is that they
are responsible for the destruction (resorption) of matrix and the release of calcium into the bloodstream
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the sciatic nerve? It:
arises from the lumbar plexus
What structure(s) of the synovial joint absorb(s) shock from external forces that are placed on it?
articular cartilage, synovial fluid, and hyaline cartilage covering the articulating surface of the bones -- all of these choices
T wave
atria and ventricles repolarize
The word "dorsum" may be used to describe the
back of the hand and top of the foot
Which best describes the occipital bone?
bears condyles that form the atlanto-occipital joints
Which joint shows a pivot motion?
between atlas and dens of axis
Components of cardiovascular system
blood, heart and vessels
The hardness of bone is due to crystallized inorganic mineral salts such as calcium phosphate. The flexibility and tensile strength of bone are due to organic molecules such as collagen fibers.
both statements are true
From which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise?
brachial
When examined microscopically, striations are visible in the ____________ muscle tissues.
cardiac and skeletal
Dendrites are processes (cell extensions) of a neuron that:
carry nerve impulses INTO the neuron cell body
In what part of the brain would you find the arbor vitae?
cerebellum
The cerebral cortex is located where?
cerebrum
The main plexuses formed by the anterior(ventral) rami of spinal nerves are:
cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral
What anatomical structure is being described using the following anatomical terms: medial to the ear (otic); lateral to the nose (nasal); inferior to the eye (orbital); and superior to the maxillary (upper) teeth?
cheek (buccal)
The levels of structural organization from least complex to most complex are as follow:
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ.,system
Which best describes a typical cervical vertebra?
contains transverse foramina
The frontal bone
contribute to the sagittal suture, forms part of the floor of the orbit, articulates with the mandible or occipital bone -- none of these
Functions of the skeletal system DO NOT include
control of body temperature
The articular cartilage
covers the surface of the articulating bones at a synovial joint and helps absorb shock and reduces friction at a synovial joint
Q R S wave
depolarization of the ventricles, causes contractions
The phrenic nerve derives arises from the cervical plexus. Select the structure(s) served by it.
diaphragm
The patellar surface, with which the patella articulates, is located on the ____________ end of the ____________.
distal, femur
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is the specialized network of nerves and ganglia forming a complex, integrated neuronal network within the wall of the G.I. tract, pancreas and gallbladder?
enteric
Muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm are:
flexors of the wrist and digits
Membrane-filled spaces between cranial bones of an infant skull are called:
fontanels
Select the best description of the ependymal cells:
form lining of brain ventricles
A ____________ refers to a small mass of nervous tissue, consisting primarily of neuron cell bodies, outside of the brain and spinal cord.
ganglion
Which of the following is not a tarsal bone?
hamate
The ulna:
has a radial notch on its lateral surface
Which of the following terms could describe a joint at which flexion and extension are the ONLY movements?
hinge joint and monoaxial joint
Which best describes the lacrimal bone?
houses the structure that gathers tears
The ____________ is the major control and integration center of the autonomic nervous system.
hypothalamus
Which of the following responses is a result sympathetic stimulation?
increased rate and depth of breathing
Ventricles
inferior, thick-walled, separated by interventricular septum, pumping chambers, trabeculae carneae internal ridges
Layers of blood vessels
inner layer is tunica intima with endothelial cells, tunica media with smooth muscle and outer muscle is tunica externa or adventia with connective tissue that anchors the muscle
Which peripheral nerves are responsible for cutaneous sensation from the skin of the anterior abdominal wall as well as motor innervation to anterior abdominal wall muscles?
intercostal (thoracic) nerves
The gray matter of the spinal cord:
is subdivided into regions called horns, is surrounded by white matter, contains neuronal cell bodies -- all of these choices
Select the best description of a white ramus:
it contains sympathetic preganglionic axons
Which of the following is not a type of neuroglial (helper) cell?
kupfer cell
Which of the following best describes a tuberosity?
large, rounded, usually roughened surface for muscle attachment
Structures that are most responsible for holding bones together at a synovial joint are
ligaments
Pericardial cavity
located between pericardium and visceral pericardium -- also known as epicardium
A midsagittal section of the brain would pass through which of the following?
longitudinal fissure, corpus callosum, falx cerebri -- all of these choices
A block of which nerve would provide anesthesia to the lower teeth and chin?
mandibular branch of the trigeminal
Two muscles that insert on the angle and ramus of the mandible, and that elevate the mandible are:
masseter and temporalis
Which feature goes with the knee joint?
medial and lateral menisci
Which of the following is true of the radius?
none of these choices
In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary visual area?
occipital lobe
Which of the following is found on the posterior distal surface of the humerus?
olecranon fossa
Canaliculi allow nutrients to diffuse to mature bone cells located within lacunae of the osteon. Which of the following are those mature bone cells?
osteocytes
A good description for a condyloid (ellipsoidal) joint is
oval-shaped projection that fits into an oval depression
The post-central gyrus is in the ____________ lobe of the cortex; it contains the primary ___________ area.
parietal, somatosensory
Which of the following muscles is not attached to the scapula in any way?
pectoralis major
Most specifically, the heart is located in the
pericardial cavity
Layers of the heart
pericardium, epicardium or outer layer, myocardium is the thickest muscle and endocardium lines the blood vessels
Which of these does not belong to the distal row of carpal bones?
pisiform
Serous membranes are assocoiated with the
pleural cavity, pericardial cavity and abdominal cavity -- all of these choices
Which of the following contains sensory info ONLY?
posterior (dorsal) route
Which feature goes with the elbow joint?
radial collateral ligament
Which of the following muscles extends the leg at the knee and aids in flexion at the hip?
rectus femoris
The deltoid muscle is named according to:
relative shape of the muscle
In skeletal muscle, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR):
releases Ca2+ to trigger contraction
The primary type of movement permitted at a pivot joint is
rotation
The bone that consists of five fused bones, is triangular, and serves as one of the boundaries of the pelvic cavity is the:
sacrum
A ____________ section of the body or organ would divide the organ into it's right and left side.
sagittal
A typical reflex arc involves the following:
sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integrating center, motor neuron and effector
Cardiac muscle is best characterized by which of the following?
single nucleus, involuntary, with intercalated discs
Which of the following best describes a facet?
smooth, flat surface
The fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve) provides sensory info from the face. The three branches of the trigeminal nerve pass from the periphery of the face to the brain through three separate foramina. Which cranial bone contains the foramina for passage of branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve?
sphenoid
The senses of pain and temperature are conveyed to the brain by:
spinalthalamic tracts
Which of the following muscles rotates the head when contracted unilaterally?
sternocleidomastoid
Atria
superior, thin-walled, separated by interatrial septum, receiving chambers, auricles, pectinate muscles internal ridges
Vessels connected to the heart
superior/inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, arteries and pulmonary veins
The action that moves the palm of the hand into anatomical position is
supination
The greater tubercle of the humerus is the point of insertion of which of the following muscles?
supraspinatusconsisting primarily
A ____________ is a type of joint in which two bones are held together by a disc of fibrocartilage.
symphysis
Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely associated or matched?
talocrural (ankle), diarthrosis
Which skull bone contains the mandibular fossa, mastoid process, styloid process, and zygomatic process?
temporal
What pair of skull bones contributes to the only freely movable joint of the head?
temporal and mandible
Almost all sensory impulses pass through what structure on their way to the cerebral cortex?
thalamus
The mandible has condylar processes and coronoid processes.
the condylar process is articular; the coronoid process is for muscle attachment
Which of the following statements is false?
the diaphragm separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity
Inability to control eyeball movement may indicate damage to which cranial nerves?
trochlear IV, oculomotor III, abducens VI
The ethmoid bone DOES NOT contain
the inferior nasal conchae
The conus medullaris is:
the tapering end of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement
An accident report submitted by an officer who is a former anatomy student contains the following statement: "The victim suffered a severe blow to the mental region." This means:
the victim was struck on the chin
Which of the the following is characteristic of spongy bone tissue, but not of compact bone tissue?
trabeculae
Functions of blood
transports various substances, helps regulate several life processes, affords protection against disease, transports oxygen from lungs to tissues and transports wastes to various organs
Which portion of a vertebra DOES NOT surround the spinal cord to keep it protected from injury?
transverse process
Using the following directional terms, decide which bone is being described: proximal to metacarpal I; distal to the scaphoid bone; and lateral to the trapezoid bone.
trapezium
Of the muscles that move the forearm, two have points of origin on the scapula. They are biceps brachii and the:
triceps brachii
Select the structure(s) served by the radial nerve.
triceps brachii
In the motor (corticospinal) pathway how many neurons carry the signal to the myofibers?
two
A synapse is a functional junction between:
two neurons, a neuron and a muscle cell, a neuron and a glandular cell -- all of these
The cranial nerve which conveys parasympathetic control of most organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities is
vagus (X) nerve
P wave
when the SA node fires to atria tract
Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear"
white
Which of the following pairs of terms is most closely matched?
white matter, tracts in the central nervous system