Systems Analysis and Design, Chapter 1

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Waterfall model

A process in the SDLC; the result of each phase is called a deliverable, which flows into the next phase

Systems request

Begins the systems planning phase of the SLDC; it describes problems or desired changes in an information system or a business process

Objects

Combination of data and the processes that act on the data into things

Service-oriented

Companies that include consultants, vendors, software developers, and service providers

Methods

In O-O design, built in processes that can change an object's properties

Preliminary Investigation

In the Systems planning phase of SDLC, evaluates an IT-related business opportunity or problem

E-commerce (Electrical Commerce)

Internet-based commerce. Also called I-commerce

Properties

Objects possess these characteristics, which they inherit from the class, or possess on its own

Systems analysis phase

Second phase of the SDLC; purpose is to build a logical model of the new system.

System support and security phase

The final phase of the SDLC; IT staff maintains, enhances, and protects the system.

Systems design phase

The third phase of the SDLC; to create a physical model that will satisfy all documented requirements for the system.

Class

a collection of similar objects

Feasibility Study

a key part of the preliminary investigation; reviews anticipated costs and benefits, and recommends a course of action based on operational, technical, economic, and time factors

Server farm

a large concentration of servers working together

data flow diagram (DFD)

a model that uses various symbols and shapes to represent data flow, processing, and storageq

System

a set of related components that produces specific results

Business process

a specific set of transactions, events, and results that can be described and documented

System analysis and design

a step-by-step process for developing high-quality information systems

Vertical system

a system designed to meet the unique requirements of a specific business or industry, such as a web-based retailer, medical practice, or auto dealership

Horizontal system

a system, such as an inventory or payroll application, that can be adapted for use in many different types of companies

Computer-aided systems engineering (CASE)

a technique that uses powerful software, called CASE tools, to help system analytics develop and maintain information systems

Systems analyst

a valued member of the IT department team who helps plan, develop, and maintain information systems

Supply Chain

all the companies who provide materials, services, and functions needed to provide a product to a customer

knowledge base

allows users to find information by entering keywords or questions in normal English phrases

prototype

an early working version of an information system

Business profile

an overview of a company's mission, functions, organization, products, services, customers, suppliers, competitors, constraints, and future direction

Scalable design

can expand to meet new business requirements and volumes

Information System

combines technology, people, and data to provide support for business functions such as order processing, inventory control, human resources, accounting and many more

Enterprise applications

company-wide software, such as order processing systems or payroll systems

Data

consists of basic facts that are the system's raw material

Hardware

consists of everything in the physical layer of the information system (ex: servers, workstations, networks)

Application software

consists of programs that support day-to-day business functions and provide users with the information they need

Information

data that has been transformed into output that is valuable to users

strategic plans

define the company's overall mission and goals

business model

describes the information that a system must provide

Product-oriented

firms that manufactured computers, routers or microchips

Requirements modeling

first step of the systems analysis phase of the SDLC; where you investigate business processes and document what the new system must do to satisfy users.

Joint Application Development (JAD)

focuses on team-based fact-finding, which is only one phase of the devleopment process

business process model (BPM)

graphically displays one or more business processes, such as handling an airline reservation, filling a product order, or updating a customer account

technical support

includes seven main functions: application development, systems support and security, user support, database administration, network administration, web support, and quality assurance

business process modeling notation (BPMN)

includes standard shapes and symbols to represent events, processes, workflows, and more

Enterprise computing

information systems that support company-wide operations and data management requirements.

inference rules

logical rules that identify data patterns and relationships

System software

manages the hardware components, which can include a single workstation or a global network with many thousands of clients

Rapid Application Development (RAD)

more like a compressed version of the entire process

Legacy systems

older systems within an organization

Mission-critical system

one that is vital to a company's operations

Stakeholders

people who have an interest in an information system

systems development life cycle (SDLC)

plan, analyze, design, implement, and support an information system

Transaction Processing (TP) Systems

process data generated by day-to-day business operations

modeling

produces a graphical representation of a concept or process that system developers can analyze, test, and modify

Groupware

programs that enable users to share data, collaborate on projects, and work in teams

enterprise resource planning (ERP)

provide cost-effective support for users and managers throughout the company

business support systems

provide job-related information support to users at all levels of a company

Spiral model

represents a series of iterations, or revisions, based on user feedback

Information Technology (IT)

the combination of hardware, software, and services that people use to manage, communicate, and share information

System design specification

the deliverable for the System design phase of the SDLC; presented to management and users for review and approval

Systems requirement document

the deliverable for the systems analysis phase of the SDLC; describes management and user requirements, costs and benefits, and outlines alternative development strategies

Project management

the process of planning, scheduling, monitoring, controlling, and reporting upon the development of an information system

Software

the programs that control the hardware and produce the desired information or results

Processes

the tasks and business functions that users, managers, and IT staff members perform to achieve specific results

empowerment

the trend gives employees more responsibility and accountability

radio frequency identification (RFID)

uses high-frequency radio waves to track physical objects


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