Systems Analysis and Design, Chapter 1
Waterfall model
A process in the SDLC; the result of each phase is called a deliverable, which flows into the next phase
Systems request
Begins the systems planning phase of the SLDC; it describes problems or desired changes in an information system or a business process
Objects
Combination of data and the processes that act on the data into things
Service-oriented
Companies that include consultants, vendors, software developers, and service providers
Methods
In O-O design, built in processes that can change an object's properties
Preliminary Investigation
In the Systems planning phase of SDLC, evaluates an IT-related business opportunity or problem
E-commerce (Electrical Commerce)
Internet-based commerce. Also called I-commerce
Properties
Objects possess these characteristics, which they inherit from the class, or possess on its own
Systems analysis phase
Second phase of the SDLC; purpose is to build a logical model of the new system.
System support and security phase
The final phase of the SDLC; IT staff maintains, enhances, and protects the system.
Systems design phase
The third phase of the SDLC; to create a physical model that will satisfy all documented requirements for the system.
Class
a collection of similar objects
Feasibility Study
a key part of the preliminary investigation; reviews anticipated costs and benefits, and recommends a course of action based on operational, technical, economic, and time factors
Server farm
a large concentration of servers working together
data flow diagram (DFD)
a model that uses various symbols and shapes to represent data flow, processing, and storageq
System
a set of related components that produces specific results
Business process
a specific set of transactions, events, and results that can be described and documented
System analysis and design
a step-by-step process for developing high-quality information systems
Vertical system
a system designed to meet the unique requirements of a specific business or industry, such as a web-based retailer, medical practice, or auto dealership
Horizontal system
a system, such as an inventory or payroll application, that can be adapted for use in many different types of companies
Computer-aided systems engineering (CASE)
a technique that uses powerful software, called CASE tools, to help system analytics develop and maintain information systems
Systems analyst
a valued member of the IT department team who helps plan, develop, and maintain information systems
Supply Chain
all the companies who provide materials, services, and functions needed to provide a product to a customer
knowledge base
allows users to find information by entering keywords or questions in normal English phrases
prototype
an early working version of an information system
Business profile
an overview of a company's mission, functions, organization, products, services, customers, suppliers, competitors, constraints, and future direction
Scalable design
can expand to meet new business requirements and volumes
Information System
combines technology, people, and data to provide support for business functions such as order processing, inventory control, human resources, accounting and many more
Enterprise applications
company-wide software, such as order processing systems or payroll systems
Data
consists of basic facts that are the system's raw material
Hardware
consists of everything in the physical layer of the information system (ex: servers, workstations, networks)
Application software
consists of programs that support day-to-day business functions and provide users with the information they need
Information
data that has been transformed into output that is valuable to users
strategic plans
define the company's overall mission and goals
business model
describes the information that a system must provide
Product-oriented
firms that manufactured computers, routers or microchips
Requirements modeling
first step of the systems analysis phase of the SDLC; where you investigate business processes and document what the new system must do to satisfy users.
Joint Application Development (JAD)
focuses on team-based fact-finding, which is only one phase of the devleopment process
business process model (BPM)
graphically displays one or more business processes, such as handling an airline reservation, filling a product order, or updating a customer account
technical support
includes seven main functions: application development, systems support and security, user support, database administration, network administration, web support, and quality assurance
business process modeling notation (BPMN)
includes standard shapes and symbols to represent events, processes, workflows, and more
Enterprise computing
information systems that support company-wide operations and data management requirements.
inference rules
logical rules that identify data patterns and relationships
System software
manages the hardware components, which can include a single workstation or a global network with many thousands of clients
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
more like a compressed version of the entire process
Legacy systems
older systems within an organization
Mission-critical system
one that is vital to a company's operations
Stakeholders
people who have an interest in an information system
systems development life cycle (SDLC)
plan, analyze, design, implement, and support an information system
Transaction Processing (TP) Systems
process data generated by day-to-day business operations
modeling
produces a graphical representation of a concept or process that system developers can analyze, test, and modify
Groupware
programs that enable users to share data, collaborate on projects, and work in teams
enterprise resource planning (ERP)
provide cost-effective support for users and managers throughout the company
business support systems
provide job-related information support to users at all levels of a company
Spiral model
represents a series of iterations, or revisions, based on user feedback
Information Technology (IT)
the combination of hardware, software, and services that people use to manage, communicate, and share information
System design specification
the deliverable for the System design phase of the SDLC; presented to management and users for review and approval
Systems requirement document
the deliverable for the systems analysis phase of the SDLC; describes management and user requirements, costs and benefits, and outlines alternative development strategies
Project management
the process of planning, scheduling, monitoring, controlling, and reporting upon the development of an information system
Software
the programs that control the hardware and produce the desired information or results
Processes
the tasks and business functions that users, managers, and IT staff members perform to achieve specific results
empowerment
the trend gives employees more responsibility and accountability
radio frequency identification (RFID)
uses high-frequency radio waves to track physical objects