TDT4136: Knowledge Representation

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Process

A category of events where any event that happens over an interval also happens over any subinterval

Substance

A category of objects that includes in its definition only intrinsic properties

Discrete object

A category that includes any extrinsic properties

PROLOG

A declarative language with features facts, rules and queries

Partition

A disjoint exhaustive decomposition

Description logic

A formal language designed for organizing and reasoning with categories

Default logic

A formalism in which default rules can be written to generate contingent, nonmonotonic conclusions

LISP

A functional programming language designed by John McCarthy

Logical minimization

A general technique that defines an object as the smallest one satisfying certain conditions

Procedural attachment

A general technique whereby particular predicates and functions can be handled by special-purpose methods

Semantic network

A graphical system designed for organizing and reasoning with categories

Knowledge representation

A method for coding (human) knowledge in a formal format that can be processed by an artificial system

Logic programming

A style of programming based on mathematical rules which deals with Boolean values and logical operators

Qualitative physics

A subfield of AI that investigates how to reason about physical systems without plunging into detailed equations and numerical simulations

Extended interval

A time interval with duration greater than zero

Moment

A zero duration time interval

Discrete events

Events with a definite structure

Semantic networks

Graphical representation equivalent to logical statements

Imperative languages

Languages designed to code algorithms

Declarative languages

Languages designed to code facts, rules and queries rather than algorithms

Extrinsic properties

Properties that are not retained under subdivision, such as weight, length and shape

Intrinsic properties

Properties that belong to the very substance of the object, rather than to the object as a whole

Thing

The most general discrete object category, specifying no extrinsic properties

Stuff

The most general substance category, specifying no intrinsic properties

Belief revision

The process of retracting inferred facts in the face of new information

Subsumption

The task of checking if one category is a subset of another by comparing their definitions

Classification

The task of checking whether an object belongs to a category

Measure

The value we assign for a properties of an object

Reification

Turning a proposition into an object

Multiple inheritance

When an object can belong to more than one category or when a category can be a subset of more than one other category


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