TEAS General Anatomy and Physiology

White blood cells contain many _________ because they need to dispose of harmful intruders such as bacteria and viruses.

Lysosomes

Which of the following is the correct order of structures from simple to most complex

Mitochondria, neurons, nerve tissues, brain

Which of the following processes correctly describe the formation of new cells in order to replace worn-out and damaged cells during injury

Mitosis

Which of the following is the name of the imaginary vertical plane that equally divides the body into left and right

Sagittal plane

Gastroinstestinal system

responsible for obtaining nutrients through the breakdown and absorption of food

endocrine system

responsible for regulating homeostasis through hormone signaling.

cardiovascular system

responsible for transport of substance to all tissues of the body.

The head is _________ to the neck

superior, above

cellular respiration

the process in which a cell takes in oxygen and uses it to break down glucose to create energy in the form of ATP

Reduction

when an element gains one or more electrons

Oxidation

when an element loses one or more electrons to oxygen.

Tissues

are a collection of specialized cells that perform a specific functions (e.g. protection, support, nerve conduction and movement).

Lysosomes

are responsible for digesting and removing waste from a cell. This means they can digest bacteria and viruses that are engulfed by white blood cells in order to protect the body.

Ribosomes

are responsible for protein synthesis. mRNA is translated into proteins by the ribosomes

integumentary system

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail responsible for providing the first layer of protection from outside pathogens

Some anatomical terms

Cranial refers to the bone comprising the skull. Carpal refers to the bone comprising the wrist. Cervical refers to the region of vertebrae in the neck. Inguinal is the superior region of the thigh.

Which of the following organelles plays a vital role in the breaking down of macromolecules?

Lysosomes

Which of the following is a heterotrophic organism with a genome stored in DNA

Human heterotrophic organisms, which means that they cannot make their own food. Instead, they rely on other sources of nutrition, such as plants and animals. Humans have their genome stored in DNA

What part of protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus

In the nucleus, the mRNA transcribes the genetic instruction from the DNA

Which of the following organelles is responsible for digesting damaged cellular structures, as well as macromolecules and bacteria ingested by the cell?

Lysosomes

HIV is a virus that destroys the body's defense against diseases by inserting itself into the host's DNA. In which part of the infected host cell will HIV virus be found

Nucleus

A group of tissues that has a specialized function is referred to as

Organ

A group of organs that work together to perform several related functions is an

Organ systems

The respiratory system is composed of organs that facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment. Which of the following describes the group of organs that function during gas exchange

Organ systems

Which of the following describes cellular respiration?

Oxidative catabolic activity

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production

Osteoblasts are specialized cells that secrete the protein collagen and other substances necessary for bone formation. Which of the following organelles is more likely to be predominant in osteoblasts

Ribosomes

Which of the following describes the function of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Synthesis and transport of proteins

the electron transport chain

The final stage of cellular respiration oxygen accepts electrons and picks up protons to form water

Which of the following is the largest organ of the human body

The skin

Which of the following correctly describes anatomical position

Upright, arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly

Perioxisomes

break down fatty acids to be used for forming membranes and as fuel for respiration. They also transfer hydrogen from compounds to oxygen to create hydrogen peroxide and then convert hydrogen peroxide into water.

Catabolic reaction

breaks down complex molecules into smaller molecules to create energy for the organism to use

Golgi apparatus

collects small molecules and combines them to make more complex molecules within the cell. Then it packages up the complex molecules to either store or to send out of the cell

Respiratory system

facilitates breathing and gas exchange

Epthelial Tissue

functions as the lining and covering of body surfaces and cavities.

Muscle tissue

functions in facilitating voluntary and involuntary movements

Mitosis

is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. The major purpose of mitosis is to replace worn-out and damaged cells.

Meiosis

is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. The purpose of meiosis is to create sex cells - sperm in males, eggs in females.

Anabolic reaction

is a reaction that uses energy to build molecules the organism needs

Nervous system

is responsible for collecting, analyzing and integrating information that regulates intrinsic body conditions and maintains behavioral patterns.

digestive system

is responsible for the breakdown and absorption of food.

connective tissue

is responsible for the support and protection of tissues and organs.

Nerve tissue

is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses.

Circulatory system

is responsible for transport of substance to all tissues of the body.

Nucleus

is the "control center" that is responsible for directing the overall activity of the cell. The nucleus contains most of the cell's DNA

Endocytosis

is the cellular process of taking substance into the cell.

Exocytosis

is the cellular process of transporting substances out of the cell.

Cell membrane

lipid bilayer primarily made up of lipids and proteins. The phospholipid component has hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic ends. The hydrophobic ends make up the middle portion of the membrane and this layer makes it easy for fat soluble substances, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and alcohol to pass through