Tech Prep AP 1 Practice Questions

The autonomic nervous system:

regulates physiological activities without requiring conscious input.

The middle abdominopelvic regions include the

right and left lumbar and umbilical

Movement around a longitudinal axis is

rotation

The glands of skin that produce oil that lubricates the hair and skin are the

sebaceous gland

A cell membrane that permits the passage of only certain select materials based on its function is said to be

selectively permeable (semi-permeable)

The wrist bone is an example of

short bone

Which of these effectors is not controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

skeletal muscle

An example of a cutaneous membrane would be

skin

Olfactory damage would most likely affect your ability to:

smell

The anatomical position is described as follows

standing erect, arms outstretched, palms facing superiorly (anteriorly)

The yellow marrow is important in the skeletal function of

storage

The epidermal layer containing a single layer of mitotically active columnar cells is the

stratum basale/germinativum

The immovable articulations between adult skull bones are called

sutures

Functionally, an immovable joint is classified as a:

synarthrosis

The total number of chromosomes in each human somatic cell is

46

A skeletal muscle fasciculus is surrounded by a connective tissue wrapping called the

?

Clusters of nerve cell bodies within the peripheral nervous system are

?

During depolarization of a neuron, sodium ions

?

Myelination of the nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system is the job of the

?

Myosin is the primary component of the:

?

The cardiac and respiratory control centers are located in

?

The functions of the neuroglia include

?

The large fibrous tract of the brain that allows communication between the cerebral hemispheres is the

?

The lunula indicates the location of the

?

The mechanical force of contraction (shortening) is generated by

?

The neurotransmitter released at all neuromuscular junctions of the PNS is

?

Which cranial nerve initiates contraction of most facial muscles?

?

Which part of the diencephalon is responsible for regulation of body temperature, water balance, metabolism, and emotion? It is also a pain/pleasure center

?

The minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract is called

A threshold stimulus

Tonic contractions

Are important in maintaining posture

What chemical process in the body releases energy as complex compounds are broken down into simpler ones?

catabolism

The smallest living unit of structure is considered to be at the

cellular level

Stratified squamous epithelium is not found in the

central canal of the spinal cord

The brain and spinal cord together are considered the

central nervous system

The-coordination of muscle movement and the maintenance of equilibrium occurs in the

cerebellum

The largest region of the brain is the

cerebrum

The secretion that prevents drying of the eardrum is

cerumen

Cartilage cells are called

chondrocytes

The type of muscle that functions as a sphincter is

circular

Each of the following structures is found in an osteon of adult bone EXCEPT the

circumferential lamellae Correct answers: haversian canal, concentric lamellae, canaliculi

Intercalated disks are found in

Cardiac muscle

Into what basic tissue category is blood classified?

connective

The right and left sides of the cerebrum are connected by the

corpus callosum

The root of the nail lies in a groove and is hidden by a fold of skin called the

cuticle

The "rule of nines"

Consists of 11 areas of the body, each covering about 9% of the body

Which of the following is the receptor in skin that detects pain?

Free nerve endings

The red bone marrow is important in the skeletal function of

Hemopoiesis

Which of the following muscles is not a muscle of the trunk?

Iliopsoas

Which of the following nerves innervates the gluteus maximus muscle?

Inferior gluteal

The conjunctiva

Is a mucous membrane covering part of the eye

In which of the following does the muscle contract but does not shorten, even though an increase in muscle tension does occur

Isometric contractions

In response to a nerve impulse the electrical charges on the sarcolemma are reversed. This is called

depolarization

The layer in skin that gives you a unique set of fingerprints is the

dermal papillae

The major movement produced during quiet breathing is accomplished by the

diaphragm

A fracture in the shaft of a long bone would be a break in the

diaphysis

The knee is an example of a(n)

diarthrotic joint

The term most opposite "proximal" is

distal

The spinal cavity is part of the

dorsal cavity

The layers of the meninges, beginning with the outermost are the

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

As a result of mitotic cell division

each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

The glands of the skin that are most concerned with maintenance of body temperature are

eccrine

Ribosomes are usually associated with the

endoplasmic reticulum

The thin fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity is called the

endosteum

The mitochondria play an important role in

energy requirements of the cell

The outer layer of the skin is the

epidermis

As long as this is present in a bone, bone growth can continue

epiphyseal plate

Which feature is primarily responsible for a bone's growth in length?

epiphyseal plate

A muscle that extends both the wrist and fingers is the

extensor digitorum

Which of the following would NOT be found on the lumbar vertebrae?

facets for ribs

The spinal cord normally comprises 31 segments. The 31st segment is located at what spinal column level?

L1-2

Which of the following muscles is not a muscle of the head and neck?

Latissimus dorsi

Glial cells that act as microbe-eating cells are the

Microglia

The point of contact between the nerve and the muscle fibers it stimulates is called a

Neuromuscular junction

The types of neurons that carry impulses to the brain and spinal cord are called

Sensory neurons

lnterneurons connect

Sensory neurons to motor neurons

When a muscle contraction occurs

The Z lines are pulled closer together

When a muscle fiber is subjected to a stimulus, it contracts completely. This 'is called

The all-or-none law

What section divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?

frontal/coronal

The muscle called the adductor longus is named according to

function and size

The bulge of the calf is caused by the ____ muscle

gastrocnemius

The proper sequence of events in bone repair is

hematoma formation, invasion of cells, fibrocartilaginous callus, bony callus

The elbow joint is an example of a

hinge joint

The part of the hair that begins from a small cap-shaped cluster of cells is called

The hair papilla

The brainstem includes

The pons, midbrain, and medulla oblongata

To produce smooth movement at a joint

The prime mover and synergists must contract

In the middle ear

The stapes rests against the oval window

Which of the following muscles is not a muscle that moves the lower extremities?

Trapezius

The subcutaneous layer is distinguishable from the dermis by its abundance of

adipose tissue

Action potentials are conducted more rapidly

along myelinated axons

A reflex is

an involuntary response to a stimulus

The name of the bond that forms when one atom loses an electron and another atom accepts that electron is

an ionic bond

The reference position for all body directional terms is the

anatomical position

Haversian systems

are the basic units in compact bone tissue

If you wanted to separate the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity which plane would you use?

horizontal/transverse

The lower the pH of a substance the higher the concentration of

hydrogen ions

Stimulation of retinal rod' cells with light results in

increased influx of Na+ and depolarization

What are chemical structures that do not have carbon and hydrogen atoms as the primary structure?

inorganic compounds

The type of cartilage usually associated with compact bone function and development is

interstitial cartilage

The protein in epidermal cells that makes the skin relatively waterproof is

keratin

The very fine and soft hair of newborns is called

lanugo

The term physiology describes the study of

living organisms and how their components function

The cell organelle which contains a number of hydrolytic enzymes is the

lysosome

Which bone does not contain one of the paranasal sinuses?

mandible

Which one of the following muscles is involved with chewing a steak?

masseter

The nonliving intercellular material in connective tissue is called

matrix

The vomiting center is located in the

medulla oblongata

The protein that protects inner living skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet rays is

melanin

Glucose belongs to a category of carbohydrates referred to as the

monosaccharides

Passive membrane transport processes include

movement of a solute down or along its concentration gradient

Elongated cells capable of contractions would be placed in which basic tissue category?

muscular

Trabelculae

needle-like threads of spongy bone

At a synapse, a nerve impulse is transmitted by

neurotransmitter

The bone at the back of the skull is called the

occipital

The foramen magnum is located in the __ bone

occipital

Suppose a person is given an intravenous infusion of a hypertonic, aqueous sodium chloride solution. What would be the effect?

one would observe a net movement of water from the intracellular fluid compartment to the extracellular fluid compartment

All of the following muscles are muscles of facial expression EXCEPT the

orbicularis oculi

Compact and spongy bone are formed by the developmental process called

ossification

Homeostasis may be defined as the physiological process by which

the composition of the internal environment is kept stable, within limits

A transverse section through the head would divide

the forehead from the chin

The membrane that covers the surface of a mature bone is

the periosteum

Carbohydrates proteins and lipids are synthesized from basic building blocks by

the removal of a molecule of water between the basic units (dehydration synthesis)

The axial skeleton contains

the skull, vertebral column and bony thorax

The section of the vertebral column that contains the most vertebrae is the

thoracic section

Which one of the following muscles is named for its shape?

trapezius

Extension of the forearm is a function of the

triceps brachii

Ribs that attach individually to the sternum by the costal cartilage are

true ribs

The mediastinum is part of the

ventral cavity

The membrane lining the organs of the abdominal cavity is called the

visceral peritoneum

The inferior most part of the sternum is the

xiphoid process

The sarcomere of skeletal muscle is defined as the segment between two successive

z lines

Which of the following tissues can be said to lack blood vessels and nerves?

cartilage

Which one of the following muscles is named for its location?

quadriceps femoris

Under normal conditions, the major mechanism of body heat loss is

radiation

Striations are found in

Both b and c

Which of the following pairs of facial muscles would be most useful in sucking liquids through a straw?

Buccinator and orbicularis oris

The tough outer layer of meninges is called the

Dura mater

If an injury caused damage to the insertion of the biceps brachii muscle, the injury would be nearest the

Elbow

The ends of long bones are called the

Epiphysis

Pinocytosis is usually associated with all of the following EXCEPT

No requirement for energy from the cell Correct answers: The transport of liquid particles Formation of membrane vesicles The transport of molecules too large to move through the cell membrane by other means

Cells that produce myelin for the cells of the brain and spinal cord are the

Oligodendrocytes

The muscle attachment to the more stationary bone is called the

Origin

The two principle divisions that make up the nervous system are the

Peripheral and central

Which of the following is not a function of the subcutaneous layer of skin?

Produces melanin to protect skin from the ultraviolet rays of the sun

Which of the following muscles is not a muscle that moves the upper extremities?

Rectus abdominis

The basic contractile unit of a skeletal muscle is the

Sarcomere

The layer of the epidermis that is constantly undergoing mitosis is called the

Stratum germinativum

The layer that is below the dermis and contains fat and blood vessels is called the

Subcutaneous layer

The hand position-when the body is in anatomical position is

Supination

The four taste sensations are

Sweet, salty, bitter, sour

Because of complementary base pairing, if one side of a DNA molecule was ATCCGTAATC, the other side of the molecule would be

TAGGCATTAG

A system is best defined as

a group of organs working together to perform a function

A burn involving both the epidermis and the upper layers of the dermis is called

a second-degree burn

Which of the following joints is most movable?

ball and socket

A spinal nerve has

both sensory and motor pathways

Nutrients pass from the blood vessels to the bone cells by way of the

caniliculi

Which bone is not part of the axial skeleton?

carpal bone

Raising your arm to shoulder level is accomplished almost entirely by the

deltoid

The cell type responsible for the bone formation is the

osteoblast

The bone-resorbing cells are called

osteoclasts

Muscle fatigue is the result of the lack of __ and the production of __

oxygen/lactic

The study of how the body functions is called

physiology

During mitosis, the chromosomes first become visible at

prophase

The primary function of the integumentary system is

protection of underlying structures

What are substances formed from amino acids called?

proteins