TED-Vocabulary

Ohm's Law

Electrical and electronic technologies utilize Ohm's law to explain the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. Ohms law states that voltage (V) = amps(I) x resistance (R) or V-IR:

First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can be converted from one form to another.Thermal Energy-or heat, is the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances.

Engineering Design

Engineering design is a systematic application of mathematical, scientific and technical principles that produces tangible end products that meet our needs and desires.

Universal System Model

Every system that exists can be broken down using the universal systems model. The Universal System Model includes Input, Process, Output and Feedback.

Feedback

Feedback is information used to monitor or control a system. The feedback loop allows the system to make necessary adjustments during operation.

Technological Advancement

Important contributions to the advancement of science, mathematics, and technology have been made by different kinds of people, in different cultures, at different times.

Parallel Circuit

In a parallel circuit, electricity has more than one path on which to travel. The current in a parallel circuit breaks up, with some flowing along each parallel branch and re-combining when the branches meet again. The voltage across each resistor in parallel is the same. Total

Series Circuit

In a series circuit electricity has only 1 path to follow. All parts are connected one after another. Electrons flow from the negative side of the battery around in a loop to the positive side, so the current has only 1 path to take.

Economic Impacts

Increased tax base and employment/jobs.

Science

Science is the study of the history of the natural world and how the natural world works, based on observable physical evidence.

Insulators

Keep close hold of their electrons and do not allow free movement of electrons (ex, glass, wood, plastic, mica, fiberglass and air).

Conductors

Keep loose grip of electrons and allow them to move freely (ex. metals usually good conductors).

Political Impacts

Leadership decisions, laws & enforcement.

Renaissance Engineers

Leonardo DaVinci designed weapons, buildings, machinery and is most known for the modern day tank. Galileo was a pivotal figure in the development of physics, specifically astronomy.

Environmental Impacts

Loss of habitat & wetlands, water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, light pollution.

Advertising and Marketing

Methods used to make the consumer aware of a product or service for purchase. Television commercials, radio ads, social media sites and billboards are all examples of advertising.

Technology Transfer

Occurs when a new user applies an existing technology developed for one purpose in a different function.

USDA

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) oversees the rules and regulations related to agriculture and includes the Food Safety and Inspection Service Department which helps monitor the safety of food for the public.

Development

Process used to convert knowledge and materials into a physical form.

Scientific Method

Processes of discovery and demonstration including; observation of phenomena, formulation of a hypothesis, experimentation and conclusion.

Social Impacts

Recreation facilities, places of worship & clubs and organizations.

Output

The output is the end result, which can have either a positive or negative impact. Outputs can take the following forms: -Unexpected Desired -Expected Desired -Unexpected Undesired -Expected Undesired

Output

The output is the end result, which can have either a positive or negative impact. Outputs can take the following forms: -Unexpected Desired -Expected Desired -Unexpected Undesired -Expected Undesired

Material Properties

The physical properties of the material are a basic reason for selecting the material. The performance of a product requires various behaviors and types of properties.

Universal Design

Universal Design is the idea that all new environments and products, to the greatest extent possible, should be usable by everyone regardless of their age, ability, or circumstance.

Microliths

Very small geometric form tools commonly used in composite tools. Major impacts on history include.

Tradeoffs

When the positive impacts of technology outweigh the negative ones.

Iron Age

700 BC - 450 AD - Characterized by iron being used as the main metal for tools and weapons. Major impacts on history include military dominance with the use of iron weapons and iron blade plows increased food production. Artifacts include: -Block and tackle -Pump -Lathe -Iron dagger -Iron chisel -Iron axe -Iron spearhead

Diagnostic

A test used to find out what is going wrong with a piece of equipment.

Mesolithic Age

10000 - 4000 BC - Associated with the rise to dominance of microlithics or very small geometric form tools commonly used in composite tools. Major impacts on history include the gradual domestication of plants and animals leading to the first settled communities. Artifacts include: -Microliths -Sail -Wheel and axle -Leatherwork -Basketry -Fishing tackle -Canoes -Bows -Domesticated animals -Stone circles -Sickles

Renaissance/Enlightenment Age

1400 - 1750 AD - Humanistic revival of classical influence. Major impacts to history include instrumentation that allowed scientists to observe and test natural phenomena. Artifacts include: -Telescope -Microscope -Thermometer -Barometer -Printing press -Rifle

Industrial Age

1750 - 1950 AD - Characterized by first use of complex machinery, and factories. People move form from agricultural to industrial societies. Major impacts to history include the creation of large urban centers, population expansion, improved standards of living. Artifacts include: -Steam engine -Electricity -Automobile -Radio -Airplane -Television -Telephone -Rocket

Information Age

1950 - Present - Characterized by the gathering, manipulation, classification, storage, and retrieval of information. Exponential Growth and technological obsolescence. Artifacts include: -Transistor -Integrated circuit -Computer -Communication satellite -Digital photography -Artificial heart -Nuclear power plants -Space shuttle -iPod -Laptop -GPS

Bronze Age

2300 - 700 BC - Characterized by the development of metallurgy, mainly the combining of copper and tin to make bronze. Major historical impacts include the gradual replacement of stone tools with metal ones which enabled humans to alter their environment at a more rapid pace. Artifacts include: -Metal pots and pans -Pottery wheel -Chariot -Pulley -Metal jewelry -Metal tools -Metal weapons

Neolithic Age

4000 - 2300 BC - Characterized by the development of agriculture and an increasing emphasis on year-round settlements. Major impacts on history include developing a dependable year round food supply which allowed more time for invention and innovation. Artifacts include: -Stone and mud dwellings -Pottery -Polished stone tools -Spinning and weaving tools -Wooden and stone plows

Middle Age

450 - 1400 AD - Period of time between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance. Major impacts on history include the rise of money and capitalism and the beginning of urbanization and industrialization. Artifacts include: -Waterwheel -Windmill -Cannon -Mechanical clock -Wheeled plow -Horseshoes -Stirrups -Crank -Compass -Oceangoing ships

Paleolithic Age

500000 - 10000 BC - Characterized by the earliest known stone tools. Major impacts on history include better hunting and defense. Artifacts include: -Use of Fire -Unpolished stone tools -Sculpture -Musical instruments -Burial of dead -Cave dwellings -Cave paintings -Stone axes -Bone needles -Hearth sites

Constraint

A limitation in a product or device, requirements or specifications that could not be implemented due to cost or some other trade-off.

Constraint

A limitation in a product or device, requirements or specifications that could not be implemented due to cost or some other trade-off. Constraints may include physical, biological, economic, political, social, ethical, and aesthetic concerns but almost always involve time, budget, and safety issues.

Process

A list of actions used to develop a product or service. Includes a definition of materials and the steps required to build the deliverable.

Technology Evolution

A series of refinements to an invention that leads to an improvement in a technological device or product.

Research and Development (R&D)

A specific problem-solving approach that is used intensively in business and industry to prepare products and services for the marketplace.

Closed System

A system that uses feedback from the output to control the input.

Closed System

A system that uses feedback from the output to control the input. Input - Inputs consist of the resources that flow into a technological system. Inputs include: People, Materials, Tools and/or Machines, Energy, Information, Capital, Time.

Product

A tangible artifact or service that allows humans to experience the impacts of technology.

Trade-off

A trade-off is a decision process recognizing the need for careful compromises among competing factors. Requirements of a design(criteria and constraints) sometimes compete with each other.

Maintenance

An established schedule to maintain proper operation of product/device.

Innovation

An improvement of an existing technological product (invention), process, or service.

Open System

An open-loop system has no feedback path and requires human intervention.

System

Building block of technology

Impacts of technology

Can be both expected and unexpected. Technology can have both positive and negative impacts.

Invention

Creation of a product or introduction for the first time.

Designers

Characteristics of designers include creativity, resourcefulness, the ability to visualize and to think abstractly when engaged in engineering design.

History

Chronological record of significant events.

Non verbal communication

Communication can take place without the use of words. Technological knowledge and processes are often communicated by using symbols, measurement, conventions, icons, graphic images, and languages that incorporate a variety of visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli.

Circuits

Designers and engineers using Ohm's Law to determine the specific electrical and electronic components needed in a circuit, depending on the desired purpose. Basic circuits contain four parts: Power source, Conductor, Load, Control (switch).

Roman Engineers

Developed aqueducts for moving water, extensive road systems and sanitary systems.

Mesopotamian Engineers

Developed clay tablets to document city plans.

Middle Age Engineers

Developed paper in Arab countries and gun powder/telescopes in China.

Babylonian Engineers

Developed primitive algebra and asphalt road coverings.

Egyptian Engineers

Developed pyramids, building techniques and extensive irrigation systems.

Greek Engineers

Developed the catapult and the cross bow for conquering territory.

Patent

Government program to protect a person or group's Intellectual Property (IP). Inventors must include a text description of their idea, a rough sketch describing the invention and dated signatures on a patent application.

Industrial Age Engineers

Henry Ford created the assembly line, James Watts refined the steam engine, Alessandro Volta discovers the principles for a battery. Pieter van Musschenbroek creates the forerunner to the capacitor.

Cultural Impacts

Historical, archeological & geological.

Technology

Human innovation that involves the generation of knowledge and process to develop products that solve problems and extend human capabilities. Anything that was created to solve a human's problem.

Input

Inputs consist of the resources that flow into a technological system. Inputs include: People, Materials, Tools and/or Machines, Energy, Information, Capital, Time.

Engineering Design Process

Is a systematic, iterative, problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to a problem to satisfy human needs and wants.

Engineer

Its root lies in the Latin word ingeniare, "to design or devise."

Simple Machines

Simple machines (Lever, pulley, wedge, screw, inclined plane (ramp), wheel and axle) apply "Mechanical Advantage (MA)" which changes the required effort to lift a load. Simple machines are often combined to create complex mechanical machines.

Mechanical Advantage

Simple machines apply "Mechanical Advantage (MA)" which changes the required effort to lift a load. -Mechanical Advantage (MA) = Load/Effort -Load = Effort x MA -Effort = Load/MA

Criteria

Specifications and requirements that must be included in a product.

Engineering Design Process

Systematic, iterative problem-solving method which produces solutions to meet human wants and desires -Problem-solving process that is used to generate, model and test, and communicate new products and processes. -Series of 12 sequential steps. -This process is iterative (can go back and repeat steps several times)

Optical Technology

Technology of producing light, using light for information collection, storage, retrieval, processing, and communication; and using light to do work. Examples include: lasers, telescopes, fiber optics.

Materials Technology

Technology of producing, altering, and combining materials. Examples include: welding, metal alloys, textiles.

Electrical Technology

Technology of producing, storing, controlling, transmitting, and getting work from electrical energy. Examples include: power to a washing machine, power transformer, generator.

Thermal Technology

Technology of producing, storing, controlling, transmitting, and getting work from heat energy. Examples include: Thermos, insulated clothing solar panels

Structural Technology

Technology of putting mechanical parts and materials together to create supports, containers, shelters, connectors, and functional shapes. Examples include: trusses on bridge, steel frame of skyscraper, legs of a chair.

Mechanical Technology

Technology of putting together mechanical parts to produce, control, and transmit motion. Examples include: gears on a bicycle, windshield wipers, engine, sewing machine arm.

Fluid Technology

Technology of using fluid, either gas (pneumatics), or liquid (hydraulic) to apply force or to transport. Examples include: pneumatic tools, hydraulic lift, brake systems.

Electronic Technology

Technology of using small amounts of electricity for controlling; detecting; and information collecting, storing, retrieving, processing, and communicating. Examples include: remote control, mobile phone, circuit board.

Biotechnology

Technology of using, adapting, and altering organisms and biological processes for a desired outcome. Examples include: cloning, genetically altered food, food preservatives.

Resistance

The ability to oppose electrical current, measured in ohms.

Core Technology

The core technologies are the "building blocks" of all technology systems. Every system and product is made up of one or more of the nine Core technologies: biotechnology, electrical, electronic, fluid, material, mechanical, optical, structural, and thermal technology.

Current

The flow of electrons (measure in amperes).

Energy Flow Diagrams

The flow of energy within any system can be documented using energy flow diagrams. Energy flow diagrams show what is happening to a particular type of energy as it is used or changed in some process or situation. One type of energy flow diagrams are called Sankey Diagrams.

Process

The process is the systematic sequence of actions that combine resources to produce an output. Processes can be categorized into: -Problem Solving: process that works through problem identification to select a final solution. -Production: process that involves the creation of the product or structure. -Management: controlling and managing the inputs and other processes involved in the system.

Process

The process is the systematic sequence of actions that combines resources to produce an output. Processes can be categorized into: -Problem Solving: process that works through problem identification to select a final solution. -Production: process that involves the creation of the product or structure. -Management: controlling and managing the inputs and other processes involved in the system.

Forward Engineering

The process of moving from high-level abstractions and logical designs to the physical implementation of a system.

Reverse Engineering

The process of taking something apart and analyzing its workings in detail, usually with the intention to construct a new device or program that does the same thing without actually copying anything from the original.

Resistance

The total resistance of the circuit is found by simply adding up the resistance values of the individual resistors: R = R1 + R2 + R3 + .... System A system is a group of interrelated components designed collectively to achieve a desired goal. Systems are used in a number of ways in technology and appear in many aspects of daily life, such as solar systems, political systems, and technological systems.

Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting is a specific form of problem solving aimed at identifying the cause of a malfunctioning system.

Interchangeable parts

are parts that are identical, meaning to replace the part, you do not have to make a custom piece.

Electrical energy

energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor.

Mechanical energy

energy stored in the movement of objects

Agriculture

includes a combination of businesses that use a wide array of products and systems to produce, process, and distribute food, fiber, fuel, chemical, and other useful products.

Radiant energy (light)

is electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves

Chemical energy

is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. Biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and coal are examples of stored chemical energy.

Nuclear energy

is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom —the energy that holds the nucleus together.

Telemedicine

is the use of medical information exchanged from one site to another via electronic communications to improve patients' health status.