TEFL Certification: Unit 5
What is added to the stem of a word in present simple tense?
's' to the 3rd person singular he/she/it likeS
Future perfect continuous
showing whether a continuous action or condition will have been occurring relative to the future
Past perfect
showing whether an action or condition had occurred
Present perfect
showing whether an action or condition has occurd
Past simple
showing whether an action or condition occured
Present simple
showing whether an action or condition occurs
future perfect
showing whether an action or condition will have occurred
Future simple
showing whether an action or condition will occur
Noun
that refers to a person, place, thing, occurrence, quality or substance
Tense
the absolute location of an event or action in time, either the present or the past.
In relation to the main parts of a sentence, which of the following is incorrect? The only pre-req for a sentence is a main sub and main v the main v is always the first v in a v phrase a clause is a group of related words containing a subject and a verb A predicate is a term used to label the part of a sentence or clause which contains a verb and states something about the subject.
the main verb is always the first verb in a verb phrase
Inflection
the name for the extra letter or letters added to nouns, verbs, and adj in their different grammatical forms
Why are minor/grammatical called such?
they perform grammatical functions such as relating expressions to each other.
Preposition
used before a noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun, connecting it to another word.
Pronoun
used instead of a noun or noun phrase (a group of words built upon a single noun.)
Present continuous tense (present progressive) conjugation:
using the present tense of the verb be and the present participle of the main ver I am drinking You are drinking He/she/it is drinking We are drinking
4 word classes for major/lexical word class:
verb noun adj adv
8 parts of speech
verbs nouns adj adv conjunctions determiners prepositions pronouns
Prescriptive grammar
which is a set of rules based on how people think language should be used.
Future perfect tense conjugation:
will have followed by the past participle will have finished
Verb
word or phrase that describes an action, condition, or experience.
Conjunction
word such as and but while or although that connects words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence.
Adverb
word that describes or gives more information about a verb, adj, or phrase
In past simple tense how is the verb conjugated?
you ad 'ed' to the verb stem in all forms
With regard to modals, which of the following is correct? Modal verbs take -s in the 3rd person a modal is always the last word in a verb phrase you cannot use two modals together modals change their form, depending upon the situation.
you can't use two together
Present continuous
showing whether a continuous action or condition is occurring in the present
Past continuous
showing whether a continuous action or condition was occurring in the past
Future continuous
showing whether a continuous action or condition will be occurring in the future
Descriptive grammar
is a set of rules about language based on how it is actually used. In a descriptive grammar there is no right or wrong language.
Word classes have two groups:
major lexical (or open) minor or grammatical (closed)
Why are major lexical groups considered open?
new words can be added to the group.
The english language has ___ tenses:
12
When aiming for the best way to teach grammar, which one of the following pieces of advice should you ignore? Avoid using metalangauge unless they are aware of this. Aim for an inductive approach as much as possible avoid standalone sessions aim for a deductive approach as much as possible
Aim for a deductive approach as much as possible
Re categories of pronouns, which of the following is invalid? Reflexive pronouns Subject pronouns Object Pronouns Coordinating pronouns
Coordinating pronouns
Which is true of prescriptive & descriptive grammar? Descriptive grammar seeks to describe how language is actually used in the real world. Descriptive grammar 'rules' are the 'right' rules, according to some experts. Prescriptive grammar seeks to describe how language is actually used in the real world. There is no difference between prescriptive and descriptive grammar.
Descriptive grammar seeks to describe how language is actually used in the real world.
Future perfect continuous tense conjugation:
Formed by using will have been followed by the present participle I have been studying
This tense is formed by a combination of be + going to + verb stem. Which is it? Present Simple Tense Future Simple Tense Future Perfect Tense Present Continuous Tense
Future Simple
Determiner
In grammer, this is a word that is used before a noun to show which particular example of the noun we are referring to.
The 4 major word classes are:
Nouns, verbs, adj, and adverbs
Present perfect continuous
showing whether a continuous action or condition has been occurring relative to the past
Using the present tense of the verb be and the present participle of the main verb? Which is it? Present Simple Tense Present Perfect Tense Present Continuous Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Continuous Tense
Re linguistic structures for cohesion in writing and speech, which is not true? Substitution Ellipsis Register Reference
Register
Which of the following is untrue about adverbs? They modify verbs. They can describe nouns and pronouns. They can modify adjectives They can provide information about time, manner, and place.
They can describe nouns and pronouns
Which of the following pieces of advice is it best to ignore when teaching grammar to young adults and adults? Help them to become grammar detectives Use lots of games and drills Carry out a needs analysis Don't assume adults are competent in grammar
Use lots of games and drills
This conditional form is used when the result is always true for this type of condition. Which is it? Zero Conditional First conditional Second conditional Third conditional
Zero
Adjective
a word that describes a noun or pronoun
How is simple future tense conjugated?
adding -ing to the verb stem
How is present perfect tense conjugated?
adding have verb+ed
Why are minor/grammatical considered closed?
because no new words can be added
This type of sentence contains two or more main clauses linked by a connective. complex simple independent compound
compound
4 minor word classes
conjunctions determiner preposition pronoun
Future continuous tense (future progressive tense) conjugation:
form 1: this tense is formed by will be followed by the present participle I will be dining form 2: This form is made up of: am/is/are + going to be + present participle I am going to be jogging
Present perfect Continuous Tense (Present Perfect Progressive) conjugation:
formed by combining the present perfect of the verb be with the present participle of the main verb
Past perfect continuous tense (past perfect progressive) conjugation:
formed by using had been followed by the present participle I had been waiting
Past continuous tense (past progressive tense) conjugation:
formed by was or were followed by the present participle of the main verb I was drinking You were drinking
Past perfect tense conjugation:
had and past participle of the main verb had failed