TEFL Certification: Unit 5

What is added to the stem of a word in present simple tense?

's' to the 3rd person singular he/she/it likeS

Future perfect continuous

showing whether a continuous action or condition will have been occurring relative to the future

Past perfect

showing whether an action or condition had occurred

Present perfect

showing whether an action or condition has occurd

Past simple

showing whether an action or condition occured

Present simple

showing whether an action or condition occurs

future perfect

showing whether an action or condition will have occurred

Future simple

showing whether an action or condition will occur

Noun

that refers to a person, place, thing, occurrence, quality or substance

Tense

the absolute location of an event or action in time, either the present or the past.

In relation to the main parts of a sentence, which of the following is incorrect? The only pre-req for a sentence is a main sub and main v the main v is always the first v in a v phrase a clause is a group of related words containing a subject and a verb A predicate is a term used to label the part of a sentence or clause which contains a verb and states something about the subject.

the main verb is always the first verb in a verb phrase

Inflection

the name for the extra letter or letters added to nouns, verbs, and adj in their different grammatical forms

Why are minor/grammatical called such?

they perform grammatical functions such as relating expressions to each other.

Preposition

used before a noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun, connecting it to another word.

Pronoun

used instead of a noun or noun phrase (a group of words built upon a single noun.)

Present continuous tense (present progressive) conjugation:

using the present tense of the verb be and the present participle of the main ver I am drinking You are drinking He/she/it is drinking We are drinking

4 word classes for major/lexical word class:

verb noun adj adv

8 parts of speech

verbs nouns adj adv conjunctions determiners prepositions pronouns

Prescriptive grammar

which is a set of rules based on how people think language should be used.

Future perfect tense conjugation:

will have followed by the past participle will have finished

Verb

word or phrase that describes an action, condition, or experience.

Conjunction

word such as and but while or although that connects words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence.

Adverb

word that describes or gives more information about a verb, adj, or phrase

In past simple tense how is the verb conjugated?

you ad 'ed' to the verb stem in all forms

With regard to modals, which of the following is correct? Modal verbs take -s in the 3rd person a modal is always the last word in a verb phrase you cannot use two modals together modals change their form, depending upon the situation.

you can't use two together

Present continuous

showing whether a continuous action or condition is occurring in the present

Past continuous

showing whether a continuous action or condition was occurring in the past

Future continuous

showing whether a continuous action or condition will be occurring in the future

Descriptive grammar

is a set of rules about language based on how it is actually used. In a descriptive grammar there is no right or wrong language.

Word classes have two groups:

major lexical (or open) minor or grammatical (closed)

Why are major lexical groups considered open?

new words can be added to the group.

The english language has ___ tenses:

12

When aiming for the best way to teach grammar, which one of the following pieces of advice should you ignore? Avoid using metalangauge unless they are aware of this. Aim for an inductive approach as much as possible avoid standalone sessions aim for a deductive approach as much as possible

Aim for a deductive approach as much as possible

Re categories of pronouns, which of the following is invalid? Reflexive pronouns Subject pronouns Object Pronouns Coordinating pronouns

Coordinating pronouns

Which is true of prescriptive & descriptive grammar? Descriptive grammar seeks to describe how language is actually used in the real world. Descriptive grammar 'rules' are the 'right' rules, according to some experts. Prescriptive grammar seeks to describe how language is actually used in the real world. There is no difference between prescriptive and descriptive grammar.

Descriptive grammar seeks to describe how language is actually used in the real world.

Future perfect continuous tense conjugation:

Formed by using will have been followed by the present participle I have been studying

This tense is formed by a combination of be + going to + verb stem. Which is it? Present Simple Tense Future Simple Tense Future Perfect Tense Present Continuous Tense

Future Simple

Determiner

In grammer, this is a word that is used before a noun to show which particular example of the noun we are referring to.

The 4 major word classes are:

Nouns, verbs, adj, and adverbs

Present perfect continuous

showing whether a continuous action or condition has been occurring relative to the past

Using the present tense of the verb be and the present participle of the main verb? Which is it? Present Simple Tense Present Perfect Tense Present Continuous Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Continuous Tense

Re linguistic structures for cohesion in writing and speech, which is not true? Substitution Ellipsis Register Reference

Register

Which of the following is untrue about adverbs? They modify verbs. They can describe nouns and pronouns. They can modify adjectives They can provide information about time, manner, and place.

They can describe nouns and pronouns

Which of the following pieces of advice is it best to ignore when teaching grammar to young adults and adults? Help them to become grammar detectives Use lots of games and drills Carry out a needs analysis Don't assume adults are competent in grammar

Use lots of games and drills

This conditional form is used when the result is always true for this type of condition. Which is it? Zero Conditional First conditional Second conditional Third conditional

Zero

Adjective

a word that describes a noun or pronoun

How is simple future tense conjugated?

adding -ing to the verb stem

How is present perfect tense conjugated?

adding have verb+ed

Why are minor/grammatical considered closed?

because no new words can be added

This type of sentence contains two or more main clauses linked by a connective. complex simple independent compound

compound

4 minor word classes

conjunctions determiner preposition pronoun

Future continuous tense (future progressive tense) conjugation:

form 1: this tense is formed by will be followed by the present participle I will be dining form 2: This form is made up of: am/is/are + going to be + present participle I am going to be jogging

Present perfect Continuous Tense (Present Perfect Progressive) conjugation:

formed by combining the present perfect of the verb be with the present participle of the main verb

Past perfect continuous tense (past perfect progressive) conjugation:

formed by using had been followed by the present participle I had been waiting

Past continuous tense (past progressive tense) conjugation:

formed by was or were followed by the present participle of the main verb I was drinking You were drinking

Past perfect tense conjugation:

had and past participle of the main verb had failed