Test 1 Practice Questions and Examples
Identify the sample chosen for the study. The ages of a sample of 37 parents of your classmates.
37 parents of your classmates
Lengths of time it takes for new light bulbs to burn out are an example of which type of data?
Continuous
Identify the sampling technique used for the following study. First, the population is subdivided by class. Then a political strategist uses a random number generator to select five members from each class to study.
Stratified sampling
Identify the type of sampling: The quality control department at a cereal manufacturer measures the weight of every 10 th box off of the assembly line.
Systemic Sampling - every 10th box was sampled
Identify the sample chosen for the study. The price of homes of a sample of 29 employees at the local news network.
The 29 employees at the local news network
A physician applies a process to produce a desired response to the .
treatment group
Classify the following data. Indicate whether the data is qualitative or quantitative, indicate whether the data is discrete, continuous, or neither, and indicate the level of measurement for the data. The number of people who quit smoking cigarettes each year for the last ten years.
- Quantitative - Discrete - Ratio
Classify the following data. Indicate whether the data is qualitative or quantitative, indicate whether the data is discrete, continuous, or neither, and indicate the level of measurement for the data. A company is evaluating customer satisfaction with one of their products. A survey of 400 persons is conducted. Each person is asked: "What is your level of satisfaction with the company's products?" 1) Poor 2) Average 3) Good 4) Excellent
- Qualitative - Neither - Ordinal
Classify the following data. Indicate whether the data is qualitative or quantitative, indicate whether the data is discrete, continuous, or neither, and indicate the level of measurement for the data. You toss a coin and record "head" as 1 and "tail" as 2.
- Qualitative - Neither - Nominal
Classify the following data. Indicate whether the data is qualitative or quantitative, indicate whether the data is discrete, continuous, or neither, and indicate the level of measurement for the data. A statistical experiment is conducted in which the experimenter draws a card from a deck and records the suit of a card. The suits are recorded by placing the appropriate number on a form. The numbers used are given below: 1) Spades 2) Hearts 3) Diamonds 4) Clubs
- Qualitative - Neither - Nominal
Classify the following data. Indicate whether the data is qualitative or quantitative, indicate whether the data is discrete, continuous, or neither, and indicate the level of measurement for the data. The heights of 48 randomly selected female students.
- Quantitative - Continuous - Ratio
Classify the following data. Indicate whether the data is qualitative or quantitative, indicate whether the data is discrete, continuous, or neither, and indicate the level of measurement for the data. Birth years of each person in your family.
- Quantitative - Discrete - Interval
Classify the following data. Indicate whether the data is qualitative or quantitative, indicate whether the data is discrete, continuous, or neither, and indicate the level of measurement for the data. The IQ scores of students at the local college.
- Quantitative - Discrete - Interval
Classify the following data. Indicate whether the data is qualitative or quantitative, indicate whether the data is discrete, continuous, or neither, and indicate the level of measurement for the data. The number of emergency phone calls received each day for 30 randomly selected days.
- Quantitative - Discrete - Ratio
When comparing the test results of two groups of employees, might include how long they have been at the company and what department they work in.
Confounding variables
Identify the population being studied. The midterm exam scores of 14 out of the 36 students in your economics class.
All students in your economics class
Researchers wish to determine if flu shots actually help prevent severe cases of the flu.
An experiment would need to be used in order to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between flu shots and flu prevention.
You want to determine the average age of college students across the nation.
An observational study would be used since you just need to consider existing records of college students to determine the average age of college students.
Categorize the following studies as either a meta-analysis or a case study: Oceanographers study research on tsunamis dating from 1900 to 2000 to determine their effects on the ocean floor.
Because the oceanographers are looking at multiple studies relating to the single variable of tsunamis' effects on the ocean floor, this is a meta-analysis study.
If an outcome is favored over another, we call this
Bias
occurs when a study tends to favor certain results.
Bias
Classify the following scenario as a meta-analysis or a case study. A sports writer studies the batting average, walk to strikeout ratio, and home runs hit for a certain baseball player for ten weeks for an article.
Case study
Identify the sampling technique used for the following study. For administrative purposes, a secretary needs to know the average length of tenure of faculty at their school.
Census
Identify the sampling technique used for the following study. Gather data from each member of the entire population.
Census
Identify the sampling technique used for the following study. Interview each member of the entire sampling frame.
Census
Identify the sampling technique used for the following study. A random number generator is used to choose ten cities. Then a crime researcher collects data from each person in these cities.
Cluster Sampling
Identify the type of sampling: An educator chooses 5 of the school districts in the Chicago area and asks each household in those districts how many school-age children are in the home.
Cluster Sampling - each school district is a cluster - 5 chosen to be sampled
A school administrator interviews each member from each of the ten randomly chosen freshmen dormitories at universities across the country.
Cluster sampling
Identify the sampling technique used for the following study. A random number generator is used to choose twenty-five classes. Then a biologist collects data from each person in these classes.
Cluster sampling
Identify the sampling technique used for the following study. A school administrator interviews each member from each of the five randomly chosen neighborhoods throughout a city.
Cluster sampling
Identify the type of sampling: A female student walks down the halls in her dorm asking students how much money they would spend in a food court in the dorm lobby in an effort to persuade the administration to offer such an option.
Convenience Sampling - very easy and good representative of residents in the dorm
Categorize the following studies as either cross-sectional or longitudinal. A gastroenterologist surveys 130 of his patients six months after having gastric bypass surgery to determine the average amount of weight lost.
Cross-sectional
Determine whether the statement describes a descriptive or inferential statistic. The average price of a car at the new car dealership in town is $28,800.
Descriptive Statistics
Determine whether the statement describes a descriptive or inferential statistic. The average price of a car at the new car dealership in town is $29,300.
Descriptive Statistics
The numbers of TV shows taped in Los Angeles on various days are an example of which type of data?
Discrete
The numbers of languages that various people speak fluently are an example of which type of data?
Discrete
In a experiment, neither researchers nor partakers know whether the partaker is in the control group or the treatment group.
Double-blind
If too many participants decide to of an experiment, then the sample may no longer represent the population.
Dropout
Determine whether the statement describes a descriptive or inferential statistic. A recent poll of 1501 home owners in Pennsylvania showed that the average price of a house in the U.S. is $330,000.
Inferential Statistics
Explaining explanatory variable and response variable
If researchers want to design an experiment to determine if using Chantix reduces a person's urge to smoke, then the use of the drug Chantix would be the explanatory variable and the urge to smoke would be the response variable.
Categorize the following studies as either a meta-analysis or a case study: Meteorologists study the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004 to try to identify warning signs.
In order to identify tsunami warning signs, meteorologists would most likely look at multiple variables relating to the 2004 tsunami. Because they are studying several aspects of a single tsunami, it is a case study.
Determine whether the statement describes a descriptive or inferential statistic. A survey of 1536 people revealed that 51% work a full-time job; therefore it can be assumed that 51% of the U.S. population works a full-time job.
Inferential statistics
In order for researchers to obtain a subject for their study, they must first get the participant's .
Informed consent
To perform a research study, you need to obtain approval from an .
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
Categorize the following studies as either cross-sectional or longitudinal. A group of 220 patients is followed for 15 years in order to determine the long-term health effects resulting from gastric bypass surgery.
Longitudinal
Classify the following scenario as a meta-analysis or a case study. A disaster planner analyzes five weather reports from hurricanes to compare for common factors.
Meta-analysis
Classify the following scenario as a meta-analysis or a case study. A medical researcher compares fifteen medical records from patients with a rare blood disease.
Meta-analysis
Genders are an example of which type of data?
Neither continuous or discrete
Songs on a band's set list are an example of which type of data?
Neither continuous or discrete
A subject who finished the study but did not follow the directions they were given is called a(n)
Non adherent
A(n) is a subject who strays from the directions they were given for the study, yet they remain in the sample.
Non-adherents
A(n) might be as simple as a typo in the data set, which is also known as a processing error.
Non-sampling error(s)
occur(s) from sources other than the construction of the sample.
Non-sampling errors
Determine whether an observational or experimental study is appropriate to address the following statement. A gift shop owner wants to study if a need for additional staffing exists.
Observational
Determine whether an observational or experimental study is appropriate to address the following statement. A gift shop owner wants to study if her customer base is shrinking.
Observational
is/are created when there is a problem with either the participation, or lack of participation, of those chosen for the study.
Participation Bias
Determine whether the statement describes a population or a sample. The amount of money each person in your physics class spends on music in a month.
Population
Determine whether the statement describes a population or a sample. The annual salaries of all the professors at the local college.
Population
Determine if the numerical value describes a population parameter or a sample statistic. 80% of all students at the local university eat out more than twice a week.
Population parameter
Determine if the numerical value describes a population parameter or a sample statistic. The average price of a house in the new subdivision is $311,000.
Population parameter
Identify the population being studied and the sample chosen. The heights of 5 out of the 38 green bean plants at Mr. Lonardo's greenhouse.
Population: the 38 bean plants in Mr. Lonardo's greenhouse Sample: the 5 green bean plants at Mr. Loronardo's greenhouse.
Entering the incorrect value into a data set is a non-sampling error that is also known as a(n) .
Processing error(s)
A non-sampling error is when results from a study are tabulated incorrectly. An error of this form is called a(n) .
Processing errors
Types of motorcycles in a show room are an example of which type of data?
Qualitative
Identify the type of sampling: A pollster surveys 50 people in each of a senator's 12 voting precincts.
Stratified Sampling - precincts are strata - 50 people sampled w/ in each precinct
Temperatures in degrees Kelvin of various sites on the moon are an example of which type of data?
Quantitative
Identify the type of sampling: To determine who will win a $100,000 shopping spree at the mall, the manager draws a name out of a box of entries.
Random Sampling - every name in the box has an equal chance of being chosen
If a researcher influences the results of the study to favor a certain outcome, this is called .
Researcher Bias
occurs if a researcher unintentionally influences the subjects responses by their actions.
Researcher bias
Determine whether the statement describes a population or a sample. The heights of 6 out of the 29 cucumber plants at Mr. Lonardo's greenhouse.
Sample
Determine whether the statement describes a population or a sample. The number of times 10 out of 20 students on your floor order pizza in a week.
Sample
Determine if the numerical value describes a parameter or a statistic. A recent poll of 2162 corporate executives showed that the average price of their cars is $45,200.
Sample statistic
Determine if the numerical value describes a parameter or a statistic. A survey of 3833 people in the U.S. revealed that 74% of those surveyed have a college degree.
Sample statistic
Collecting data from a sample that does not represent the population is called a(n) .
Sampling error
Errors in a study resulting from the way the sample was chosen are called .
Sampling errors
Identify the sampling technique used for the following study. A statistics student chooses ten people at random from each class.
Stratified Sampling
