Test 2 - Bones
The features of a female pelvis:
-has a larger and more circular inlet. -is shallower than the male pelvis. -has lighter and thinner bones. -has a shorter and less curved sacrum. -has a more rounded pubic arch. -has shorter ischial spines that are also farther apart.
The axial skeleton contains ________. 1. skull 2. scapula 3. true and false ribs 4. vertebrae 5. phalanges
1, 3, 4
Types of spinal abnormalities:
1. Scoliosis- the spinal strays laterally from the midline. 2. Lordosis- "sway back", results in lumbar curvature exaggerated in the ventral (anterior) direction. 3. Kyphosis- humped back due to a thoracic curvature exaggerated in the dorsal (posterior) direction
The three types of joints:
1. Synarthroses- immovable joints; fibrous joints 2. Amphiarthroses- slightly movable joints; cartilaginous joints 3. Diathroses- freely movable joints; synovial joints
There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages? 1. bony callus formation 3. fibrocartilage callus formation 2. bone remodeling 4. hematoma formation
4, 3, 1, 2
Functions of the skeletal system
Protection Support Anchorage for muscles/movement Mineral storage Fat storage Blood cells formation Hormone production
Diarthroses have a greater degree of mobility and flexibility than synarthroses.
TRUE
Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones.
TRUE
Hypercalcemia promotes the deposition of calcium to bones.
TRUE
In anatomical position, the lateral lower leg bone is the fibula.
TRUE
Teeth are anchored in the maxillary bones and the mandible.
TRUE
The arrangement of lamellae around central (Haversian) canals forms osteons (Haversian systems).
TRUE
The intervertebral discs that cushion the spine and absorb shock are composed of fibrocartilage.
TRUE
There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae.
TRUE
Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________, whereas articulations permitting no movement are called ________.
amphiarthroses; synarthroses
Each complex of central canal and matrix rings in compact bone is known as ________.
an osteon (Haversian system)
Coxal bone
appendicular skeleton
Femur
appendicular skeleton
Fibula
appendicular skeleton
Phalanges
appendicular skeleton
Tarsals
appendicular skeleton
Ulna
appendicular skeleton
Bone growth that occurs due to weight lifting at age 40 is most likely ________.
appositional growth
What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints?
articular cartilage
Two or more bones meet at a location called a(n) ________.
articulation (joint)
The skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the ________ skeleton.
axial
Atlas
axial skeleton
Parietal bones
axial skeleton
Sternum
axial skeleton
True ribs
axial skeleton
The dens is a process projecting from the ________.
axis
Shoulder joint
ball-and-socket joint
The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian system) contains ________.
blood vessels and nerve fibers
The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that ________.
bone length is increasing
The most important minerals stored in bones are ________.
calcium and phosphorus
Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as ________.
canaliculi
Small channels that radiate through the matrix of compact bone
canaliculi
The wrist bones are actually ________.
carpals
The tailbone is the ________.
coccyx
Knuckle joints
condylar joint
Area where bone growth takes place in a long bone
epiphyseal plate
Which of the following is ONLY found associated with a child's bone?
epiphyseal plate
Which of these bones articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone?
femur
Four of the five answers listed below are parts of the same anatomical area. Select the exception. A) humerus B) radius C) scapula D) fibula E) clavicle
fibula
The atlas is the ________.
first cervical vertebra
The fibrous connections between the bones of a fetal skull are ________.
fontanels
The large hole located in the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord and brain to connect is the ________.
foramen magnum
The head of the humerus fits into the ________ of the scapula.
glenoid cavity
The first step in bone healing involves the formation of a blood-filled swelling known as a(n) ________.
hematoma
Blood cell formation is called ________.
hematopoiesis
Ankle joint
hinge joint
The elbow is classified as a(n) ________.
hinge joint
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
hyaline cartilage
A structure found on the femur is the ________.
intercondylar fossa
The hyoid bone is unique because it ________.
is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone
The small cavities in bone tissue where osteocytes are found are called ________.
lacunae
The suture situated anteriorly between the parietal bones and occipital bone is the ________.
lambdoid suture
Layers or rings of calcification that are found in compact bone
lamellae
The femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as ________.
long bones
The sternum is the result of fusion of three bones called the ________.
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
Where does hematopoiesis occur?
marrow cavity
Bones associated with the hand?
metacarpals
The process of bone formation is known as ________.
ossification
What type of bone cell is primarily active when bone growth occurs?
osteoblast
Cells that can build bony matrix
osteoblasts
Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix
osteoclasts
The bone cells that respond to parathyroid hormone (PTH) to destroy bone matrix and release calcium into the blood are called ________.
osteoclasts
Bone-destroying cells known as osteoclasts are activated by the hormone ________.
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Joint between atlas and axis
pivot joint
Wrist joint
plane joint
How many true ribs do humans have?
seven
Cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called ________ bones.
short
The temporal bones are joined with the parietal bones at the ________ sutures.
squamous
Which of the following bones is considered part of the axial skeleton?
sternum
In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to ________.
store adipose tissue
The factor(s) that determine WHERE bone matrix is to be remodeled is (are) ________.
stress of gravity and pull of muscles on the skeleton
Immovable joints are functionally classified as ________.
synarthroses
You examine an articulated skeleton in the laboratory and determine the skeleton to be a female since ________.
the distance between the female ischial spines is greater than in a male
The shin bone is called the ________.
tibia
What feature is uniquely associated with cervical vertebrae?
transverse foramina
Which is the correct order of ribs, from superior to inferior?
true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs
Which of these bone markings is a projection that serves as a site for muscle or ligament attachment?
tubercle
Which two bones constitute the forearm?
ulna and radius
What bones protect the spinal cord?
vertebrae
A bone that does NOT house a paranasal sinus is the ________.
zygomatic bone
A closed, or simple, fracture is one that penetrates through the skin's surface.
FALSE
A newborn baby has an S-shaped spinal curvature known as a primary curvature.
FALSE
Articular cartilage covers the diaphysis of long bones.
FALSE
Joint inflammation is known as ankylosis.
FALSE
The last two pairs of ribs are called true ribs because they have no anterior attachments.
FALSE
The spinal cord passes through the body of each vertebra.
FALSE