Test 2 - Bones

The features of a female pelvis:

-has a larger and more circular inlet. -is shallower than the male pelvis. -has lighter and thinner bones. -has a shorter and less curved sacrum. -has a more rounded pubic arch. -has shorter ischial spines that are also farther apart.

The axial skeleton contains ________. 1. skull 2. scapula 3. true and false ribs 4. vertebrae 5. phalanges

1, 3, 4

Types of spinal abnormalities:

1. Scoliosis- the spinal strays laterally from the midline. 2. Lordosis- "sway back", results in lumbar curvature exaggerated in the ventral (anterior) direction. 3. Kyphosis- humped back due to a thoracic curvature exaggerated in the dorsal (posterior) direction

The three types of joints:

1. Synarthroses- immovable joints; fibrous joints 2. Amphiarthroses- slightly movable joints; cartilaginous joints 3. Diathroses- freely movable joints; synovial joints

There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages? 1. bony callus formation 3. fibrocartilage callus formation 2. bone remodeling 4. hematoma formation

4, 3, 1, 2

Functions of the skeletal system

Protection Support Anchorage for muscles/movement Mineral storage Fat storage Blood cells formation Hormone production

Diarthroses have a greater degree of mobility and flexibility than synarthroses.

TRUE

Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones.

TRUE

Hypercalcemia promotes the deposition of calcium to bones.

TRUE

In anatomical position, the lateral lower leg bone is the fibula.

TRUE

Teeth are anchored in the maxillary bones and the mandible.

TRUE

The arrangement of lamellae around central (Haversian) canals forms osteons (Haversian systems).

TRUE

The intervertebral discs that cushion the spine and absorb shock are composed of fibrocartilage.

TRUE

There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae.

TRUE

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________, whereas articulations permitting no movement are called ________.

amphiarthroses; synarthroses

Each complex of central canal and matrix rings in compact bone is known as ________.

an osteon (Haversian system)

Coxal bone

appendicular skeleton

Femur

appendicular skeleton

Fibula

appendicular skeleton

Phalanges

appendicular skeleton

Tarsals

appendicular skeleton

Ulna

appendicular skeleton

Bone growth that occurs due to weight lifting at age 40 is most likely ________.

appositional growth

What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints?

articular cartilage

Two or more bones meet at a location called a(n) ________.

articulation (joint)

The skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the ________ skeleton.

axial

Atlas

axial skeleton

Parietal bones

axial skeleton

Sternum

axial skeleton

True ribs

axial skeleton

The dens is a process projecting from the ________.

axis

Shoulder joint

ball-and-socket joint

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian system) contains ________.

blood vessels and nerve fibers

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that ________.

bone length is increasing

The most important minerals stored in bones are ________.

calcium and phosphorus

Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as ________.

canaliculi

Small channels that radiate through the matrix of compact bone

canaliculi

The wrist bones are actually ________.

carpals

The tailbone is the ________.

coccyx

Knuckle joints

condylar joint

Area where bone growth takes place in a long bone

epiphyseal plate

Which of the following is ONLY found associated with a child's bone?

epiphyseal plate

Which of these bones articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone?

femur

Four of the five answers listed below are parts of the same anatomical area. Select the exception. A) humerus B) radius C) scapula D) fibula E) clavicle

fibula

The atlas is the ________.

first cervical vertebra

The fibrous connections between the bones of a fetal skull are ________.

fontanels

The large hole located in the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord and brain to connect is the ________.

foramen magnum

The head of the humerus fits into the ________ of the scapula.

glenoid cavity

The first step in bone healing involves the formation of a blood-filled swelling known as a(n) ________.

hematoma

Blood cell formation is called ________.

hematopoiesis

Ankle joint

hinge joint

The elbow is classified as a(n) ________.

hinge joint

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

hyaline cartilage

A structure found on the femur is the ________.

intercondylar fossa

The hyoid bone is unique because it ________.

is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone

The small cavities in bone tissue where osteocytes are found are called ________.

lacunae

The suture situated anteriorly between the parietal bones and occipital bone is the ________.

lambdoid suture

Layers or rings of calcification that are found in compact bone

lamellae

The femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as ________.

long bones

The sternum is the result of fusion of three bones called the ________.

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

marrow cavity

Bones associated with the hand?

metacarpals

The process of bone formation is known as ________.

ossification

What type of bone cell is primarily active when bone growth occurs?

osteoblast

Cells that can build bony matrix

osteoblasts

Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix

osteoclasts

The bone cells that respond to parathyroid hormone (PTH) to destroy bone matrix and release calcium into the blood are called ________.

osteoclasts

Bone-destroying cells known as osteoclasts are activated by the hormone ________.

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Joint between atlas and axis

pivot joint

Wrist joint

plane joint

How many true ribs do humans have?

seven

Cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called ________ bones.

short

The temporal bones are joined with the parietal bones at the ________ sutures.

squamous

Which of the following bones is considered part of the axial skeleton?

sternum

In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to ________.

store adipose tissue

The factor(s) that determine WHERE bone matrix is to be remodeled is (are) ________.

stress of gravity and pull of muscles on the skeleton

Immovable joints are functionally classified as ________.

synarthroses

You examine an articulated skeleton in the laboratory and determine the skeleton to be a female since ________.

the distance between the female ischial spines is greater than in a male

The shin bone is called the ________.

tibia

What feature is uniquely associated with cervical vertebrae?

transverse foramina

Which is the correct order of ribs, from superior to inferior?

true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs

Which of these bone markings is a projection that serves as a site for muscle or ligament attachment?

tubercle

Which two bones constitute the forearm?

ulna and radius

What bones protect the spinal cord?

vertebrae

A bone that does NOT house a paranasal sinus is the ________.

zygomatic bone

A closed, or simple, fracture is one that penetrates through the skin's surface.

FALSE

A newborn baby has an S-shaped spinal curvature known as a primary curvature.

FALSE

Articular cartilage covers the diaphysis of long bones.

FALSE

Joint inflammation is known as ankylosis.

FALSE

The last two pairs of ribs are called true ribs because they have no anterior attachments.

FALSE

The spinal cord passes through the body of each vertebra.

FALSE