Test 2: Cardiovascular

Arteriosclerosis

A characteristic of aging arteries

Vascular compliance

A characteristic of the venous system

When comparing cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells,

action potentials are conducted from cell to cell only in cardiac muscle.

All of the following are functions of the heart, except _____________________.

adjusting blood gas levels, depending on tissue needs

Atrial systole begins __________.

immediately after the P wave

The globulins are important plasma proteins that functions primarily in __________.

immunity

Stroke volume is increased by __________.

increased venous return

A blood pressure reading of 120/80 would

indicate a systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg.

All of the following describe ways that blood helps maintain homeostasis, except __________.

secretion of neuropeptides

End-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume is equal to

stroke volume.

Contraction of the ventricles is referred to as ventricular __________.

systole

Resistance in the cardiovascular system

tends to increase if blood viscosity increases.

What is the order of the blood vessels that a red blood cell would pass through as the blood leaves the heart, travels to a tissue, and then returns to the heart?

Artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein

Arteriosclerosis is characterized by

Both "thickening of the tunica intima" and "loss of elasticity in the tunica media" are correct.

Which of the following functions is associated with the blood?

Delivery of O2 to tissue cells

Rupture of a red blood cell is called hematopoiesis. True or false?

False

True or False? An individual that has both anti-A antibodies and anti-D antibodies is type A+.

False

True or False? The affinity of adult hemoglobin for oxygen is greater than the affinity of fetal hemoglobin for oxygen.

False

True or False? The distribution of blood volume in veins are arteries is very close to equal.

False

True or False? The number of erythrocytes in a milliliter sample of blood is the same as the number of leukocytes in a milliliter sample of blood.

False

Which of the following hormones does NOT influence blood pressure?

Growth hormone

Which of the following is NOT a long-term regulator of blood pressure?

Oxygen tension response

Korotkoff sounds

Produced by turbulent blood flow

True or False? Cardiac output is equal to stroke volume times heart rate.

True

True or False? If an average female lost 10% of her blood volume, she would have lost around 0.5 L of blood.

True

Where is blood moving during the period of ejection?

Ventricles to great vessels

When measuring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer, which of the following best describes when blood flow in the brachial artery is turbulent?

When pressure in the brachial artery is greater than in the blood pressure cuff and greater than the diastolic pressure

If a young boy is diagnosed with hemophilia, he would have

a disorder of the clotting process.

The vasa vasorum

are special capillaries that supply nutrients to the walls of arteries and veins.

Resistance to blood flow is greatest in __________.

arterioles

When there is a drop in blood pressure, the body reacts immediately by way of the __________.

baroreceptor mechanism

Baroreceptor reflexes

can change heart rate.

Mean arterial pressure is

cardiac output times peripheral resistance.

Hormones from the adrenal medulla

cause an increase in stroke volume.

Angiotensin II

causes vasoconstriction

Epinephrine

causes vasodilation of coronary blood vessels.

Blood is classified as a type of __________ tissue.

connective

Atherosclerosis is the

deposition of plaques in arterial walls.

A person with type B blood

has anti-A antibodies .

Type AB blood

has both A and B antigens on the red cells.

Erythropoietin

is secreted by the kidney.

Mitral valve prolapse causes blood to leak back into the __________ when the ventricles contract.

left atrium

Veins

may contain valves and are lined with endothelium.

Blood pressure is the

measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls.

The greater the compliance the

more easily the vessel wall stretches.

Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by _________.

pressure gradients

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of blood functioning in __________.

protection

Functions of plasma proteins include

regulation of osmotic pressure

The auscultatory method of measuring blood pressure

relies on hearing Korotkoff sounds through a stethoscope.

If cardiac muscle cells are unable to repolarize, this would cause

the heart rate to decrease. It might cause cardiac arrest.

The period of isovolumetric contraction is immediately followed by

the period ejection

As viscosity of the blood increases,

the pressure required to force it to flow increases.

Oxygen-poor blood passes through the _________.

the right AV (tricuspid) valve and pulmonary valve

Which type of vessel has the greatest compliance?

veins

The first and second heart sounds are most directly related to

vibrations that occur when the valves close.