test 2

Which of the following is an example of a female mating with a male only after submitting him to a courtship ritual?

A female bower bird will mate with a male only after inspecting the small thatched structure he has built for her.

What is the ultimate explanation for modern human preference for fatty foods? .

Ancestral humans that preferred fatty foods were less likely to starve, leaving more offspring to the next generation

Because it is possible for a female to mate with multiple males, any of whom could be the father, male mammals and birds will always:

have some degree of paternity uncertainty.

Which of the following best illustrates an instinctive behavior in cats?

hunting and killing

Assume that you carry an allele, R, that causes you to help individuals to whom you are not related. This help increases their fitness and decreases yours. What would make the frequency of allele R may still increase in the population?

if individuals you help are likely to return the favor and help you at some point in the future.

Behaviors that do not require environmental input for their development are called:

instincts.

Most apparent acts of altruism in the animal kingdom have been shown, on closer inspection, to be not truly altruistic. Instead, they have evolved as a consequence of either _____________________ or _____________________.

kin selection; reciprocal altruism

The sex with the greater energetic investment in reproduction will be ___________________ when it comes to mating.

more discriminating

Exclusive male parental care is much more prevalent in fish than in mammals because:

most fish reproduce by external fertilization while most mammals do not.

Molecules released by an individual into the environment that trigger behavioral responses in other individuals are called:

pheromones.

Mate guarding is a reproductive tactic that functions to:

reduce paternity uncertainty

The energy that a parent puts into the growth, feeding, and care of offspring is called:

reproductive investment

Kin selection is defined as:

selection for a behavior that lowers an individual's own chances of survival or reproduction, but raises those of their offspring or other relatives.

Survival of the fittest" may be a misleading phrase to describe the process of evolution by natural selection because:

survival matters less to natural selection than reproductive success does.

An animal will preferentially feed on

the prey that provides the most energy relative to effort.

An animal will preferentially feed on:

the prey that provides the most energy relative to effort.

Sexual dimorphism refers to

the situation in which males and females differ physically and/or behaviorally.

Before exposure to the fear of snakes, a captive monkey:

will reach over a plastic snake for food.

Vampire bats:

will sometimes regurgitate blood into the mouth of an unrelated individual that is close to starving

In general, which of the following is the best way to distinguish male from female?

Males produce small motile gametes.

Which of the following statements is NOT important to Darwin's theory of natural selection?

Offspring tend to inherit characteristics acquired by their parents during their lifetimes.

Which of the following conditions must be met for reciprocal altruism to evolve?

The benefits to the recipient must be significantly greater than the costs to the donor. There must be the ability to recognize and punish cheaters. D) There must be repeated interactions among individuals, with opportunities for each individual to be both the donor and the recipient of altruistic-appearing acts.

Which of the following has/have had strong effects on the evolution of mating systems in animals?

a male's certainty of paternity B) the amount of care required by the young

From an evolutionary perspective, behavior can be viewed best as:

a trait that can satisfy the three conditions required for evolution by natural selection.

Female Belding's ground squirrels have evolved to follow a simple rule that translates into:

"if I am an older female, I should behave as if I have many close relatives around me."