Test 2 Review
52. Which best summarizes the status of religion in Russia and the post-Soviet states? A) The nations of this region remain profoundly atheistic. B) A religious revival is underway, bringing traditional religions back to the people. C) The nations have instituted official programs of discrimination against religious organizations. D) The people of these nations attend "underground" religious services, where they will not be arrested for participating.
A religious revival is underway, bringing traditional religions back to the people
19. The alphabet used in most of the countries of the Russian region is: A) Roman. B) Armenian. C) Sanskrit. D) Cyrillic.
Cyrillic
17. It is difficult to find solutions to environmental damage in the Mediterranean Sea for all of the following reasons, except: A) The natural and lengthy flushing out cycle has been disrupted by the large number of people living in the countries that surround the sea. B) The countries surrounding it are at different stages of development, which makes it difficult for them to cooperate on solutions. C) It is used for waste disposal. D) Hydroelectric power is the only power used in Europe.
Hydroelectric power is the only power used in Europe
66. Which of the following is the best description of Belarus? A) It remains closely allied to Russian industry and interests. B) Its leaders are seeking closer ties with the European Union. C) Its rich resources have made it a magnet for foreign investment. D) Its population is mostly Russian, with a small amount of the population being of ethnic origins.
It remains closely allied to Russian industry and interests
5. Which is true of Europe's largest mountain chain? A) It stretches predominantly in an east-west direction. B) It covers almost the entire continent. C) It is almost insignificant in size. D) It stretches predominantly in a north-south direction
It stretches predominantly in an east-west direction
1. Which country is not one of the post-Soviet states? A) Turkmenistan B) Uzbekistan C) Azerbaijan D) Montenegro
Montenegro
12. A Russian city with particularly strong mineral wealth is: A) Norilsk. B) Seversk. C) Leningrad. D) Minsk.
Norilsk
64. Which of the following conveys the major regional difference within Italy? A) Continental Italy is poor, whereas its islands are wealthy. B) Southern Italy is industrial, whereas the north is agricultural. C) Northern Italy is wealthy, whereas the south is poor and stagnant. D) Italy's islands are industrial, whereas the continent is agricultural.
Northern Italy is wealthy, whereas the south is poor and stagnant
63. What Siberian industrial city and financial center traces its roots to the Soviet policy of claiming and holding onto space by distributing its industries throughout its massive territory? A) Petersburg B) Novosibirsk C) Kiev D) Volgograd
Novosibirsk
59. Which of the following is not true of Moscow today? A) The availability of consumer goods and luxury goods has exploded. B) Prices are higher in Moscow than in most other Russian cities. C) Entrepreneurship is active. D) Organized crime stays out of Moscow, preferring to work "under the radar" in Russia's more remote regions.
Organized crime stays out of Moscow, preferring to work "under the radar" in Russia's more remote regions
18. The original homeland of the Slavs was centered in modern-day: A) Slovenia. B) Finland, Norway, and Sweden. C) Yugoslavia (including Serbia). D) Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus.
Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus
43. Which of the following is not true of the conflict in Georgia? A) Stalin moved Georgians and Russians into Ossetia and Abkhazia, making the native people a minority in their homeland. B) Russia has never supported the ethnic Ossetian and Abkhazian populations' agitation for secession from Georgia. C) A pipeline that links the oil field of Azerbaijan with the Black Sea via Georgia is a source of contention with Russia. D) Today, Abkhazia and South Ossetia remain in a frozen conflict.
Russia has never supported the ethnic Ossetian and Abkhazian populations' agitation for secession from Georgia
67. Why is the European Union providing aid to Moldova and Ukraine? A) Their militaries need to be bolstered to prevent a Russian invasion. B) There are large, politically active Moldovan and Ukrainian minorities in EU member-states who campaign for foreign aid. C) There is concern over illegal immigration through these countries into the EU. D) There is EU concern over the protection of Moldova and Ukraine's nuclear weapons stockpiles.
There is concern over illegal immigration through these countries into the EU
70. Which of the following statements is true about the Scandinavian countries? A) They embrace strong social welfare systems. B) They rely on the U.K. for energy resources. C) They have had to restrict fishing in the Mediterranean Sea due to over-exploitation. D) They are the most densely occupied countries in Europe.
They embrace strong social welfare systems
24. Rapid industrialization under Stalin was made possible by a _____________ economy in which the government controls all land and means of production. A) glasnost B) capitalist C) communist D) centrally planned
centrally planned
38. Most of the farms in Georgia are owned by: A) families. B) collectives. C) the government. D) multinational corporations.
families
46. Which of the following has not contributed to low life expectancies in the Russia and the post-Soviet states region? A) loss of healthcare B) physical and mental distress caused by lost jobs and social disruption C) alcohol abuse and alcohol-related suicides D) heroin and other narcotics overdoses
heroin and other narcotics overdoses
69. Which of the following features dominate the Caucasian physical landscape? A) deserts B) mountains C) tundra D) rain forests
mountains
16. The Soviet Union broke up in: A) 1976. B) 1985. C) 1991. D) 2000.
1991
4. Which of the following is not one of Russia's internal republics? A) Azerbaijan B) Karelia C) Chechnya D) Tatarstan
Azerbaijan
51. All of the following are key port cities in Benelux, except: A) Amsterdam. B) Rotterdam. C) Antwerp. D) Brussels.
Brussels
67. The physical makeup of Finland is similar to that of: A) the Caribbean. B) Canada. C) Central America. D) Mexico.
Canada
42. Which of the following ethnic groups was targeted by Stalin as traitors to Russia—a persecution that lasted into the twenty-first century? A) Tatars B) Magyars C) Chechens D) Ukrainians
Chechens
41. Which two internal republics demanded outright independence after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991? A) Ossetia and Tatarstan B) Chechnya and Tatarstan C) Buryatia and Abkhazia D) Abkhazia and Ossetia
Chechnya and Tatarstan
44. Which of the following statements describes the state of media and the press in Russia today? A) The media and press express outspoken support of the Russian government. B) Critical analysis of the government is rare and punishable. C) The media is dominated by a few privately owned companies that are openly critical of the Russian government. D) There is no media or press as most citizens do not own private televisions or radios.
Critical analysis of the government is rare and punishable
33. The world's most popular tourist destination is: A) North America. B) South America. C) the Caribbean. D) Europe.
Europe
47. Russia's population density is highest in: A) Siberia. B) along the border with China and Mongolia. C) European Russia. D) Eastern Russia.
European Russia
55. In terms of population and industrial and agricultural output, which of the following regions is considered the heart of Russia? A) Belarus B) European Russia C) Caucasia D) Western Siberia
European Russia
33. The Soviet KGB is now known as the: A) National Security Bureau. B) MI-5. C) Russian Protectorate. D) Federal Security Service.
Federal Security Service
71. Which of the following European states was never a Soviet republic? A) Latvia B) Estonia C) Finland D) Lithuania
Finland
72. Estonia's strongest cultural links are to: A) Norway. B) Finland. C) Iceland. D) Sweden.
Finland
10. Which of the following is not true of Kazakhstan and nuclear materials? A) It was the site for Soviet military nuclear test explosions. B) It has disarmed its inherited nuclear warheads, and worked with U.S. authorities to safeguard nuclear materials. C) It is exporting radioactive wastes to commercial repositories in Japan. D) It is the biggest source of uranium for the world.
It is exporting radioactive wastes to commercial repositories in Japan
20. The Slavic ruler who defeated the Mongols and began the modern Russian empire was: A) Genghis Khan. B) Alexander the Great. C) Ivan the Terrible. D) Vlad the Impaler.
Ivan the Terrible
73. The predominant religion of Lithuania is: A) Judaism. B) Protestantism. C) Roman Catholicism. D) Lutheranism.
Roman Catholicism
22. The Moscow landmark that commemorates the defeat of the Mongols is: A) Red Square. B) the Houses of Parliament. C) the Hermitage. D) St. Basil's Cathedral.
St. Basil's Cathedral
57. What city served as the imperial capital of Russia prior to 1918? A) Moscow B) Novosibirsk C) Stalingrad D) St. Petersburg
St. Petersburg
31. Because the region is landlocked, the only way to get oil and gas to the world market is via: A) the Trans-Siberian Railroad. B) a pipeline. C) truck and highway transport. D) pack animals due to the rugged terrain.
a pipeline
72. Which of the following best describes the physical geography of the Central Asian States? A) a variety of rolling hills, wide river deltas, and fertile agricultural lands B) expansive deserts that meet the sea C) flat, glaciated plains D) a variety of steppes, wide grasslands, and rugged landscapes
a variety of steppes, wide grasslands, and rugged landscapes
62. Which is not a feature of Siberian Russia? A) wetlands and forests B) taiga C) high-quality agricultural land D) permafrost
high-quality agricultural land
25. For Stalin, the key to achieving rapid economic growth was: A) investments in education and human capital. B) increased industrial production. C) increased agricultural production. D) efficient infrastructure and transportation.
increased industrial production
22. European town charters can be considered the precursors of: A) the factors responsible for global climate change. B) India's caste system. C) the civil rights movement. D) green building techniques.
the civil rights movement
7. Which of the following is not true of Siberian Russia? A) No inhabited place on Earth has as harsh a climate. B) Winters are long and cold with only a few hours of daylight. C) Summers are short and consistently hot. D) The major economic activities here include reindeer herding.
Summers are short and consistently hot
74. Kosovars are also known as: A) Slovenes. B) Albanians. C) Bulgarians. D) Bosnians.
Albanians
32. Which of the following countries is not part of the trade consortium known as BRIC? A) Chile B) Russia C) India D) Brazil
Chile
65. Which two energy-hungry countries are in direct competition to access the natural resources of the Russian Far East? A) China and Japan B) North Korea and South Korea C) Japan and South Korea D) China and the US
China and Japan
34. Which of the following statements is the best description of modern-day Russia? A) Former Soviet officials have mostly left the country and are living in luxury in Western Europe. B) Corruption and organized crime in Russia are rampant. C) Oligarchs from the post-Soviet states have banded together to help the motherland achieve democracy. D) Strict environmental laws have made the country much more attractive to foreign investors, and the result has been strong migration from other nations to Russia.
Corruption and organized crime in Russia are rampant
44. Which of the following is a likely result of a stable population with a low birth rate? A) The economy expands over time. B) Demand for high-skilled workers may go unmet. C) Immigration to that nation decreases. D) More people are available to care for the elderly.
Demand for high-skilled workers may go unmet
27. The event that led to the first major inclusion of common people in Europe's political process was the: A) Spanish Civil War. B) Cold War. C) French Revolution. D) Boer War
French Revolution
45. Which of the following is the best description of the population of the Russian region today? A) It has high birth rates and an aging population. B) Its level of human well-being generally exceeds that of the US. C) It has a rapidly aging population and a low birth rate. D) As an undeveloped region, the Russian region is facing a burgeoning birth rate and fairly low death rate.
It has a rapidly aging population and a low birth rate
37. Which of the following is not an effect of the growth of corporate agriculture in Europe? A) The %age of land in crops has declined in the last two decades, and forestlands have increased. B) It has endangered European cultural heritage. C) Europe is selling surplus agricultural products below world market prices. D) All countries in the region consolidated small family plots into more profitable operations.
It has endangered European cultural heritage
58. Which of the following is not true of European Russia? A) It has many of Russia's resources but poor agricultural land. B) It has most of Russia's industry. C) It is home to about 70 % of the Russian Federation's people. D) It is centered in Moscow.
It has many of Russia's resources but poor agricultural land
71. What is the main problem with the export of oil and gas from Caucasia to the industrialized world? A) The oil and gas are of low quality. B) It is difficult to transport the oil and gas to markets. C) The oil and gas are consumed entirely within Caucasia. D) There is no oil and gas in Caucasia.
It is difficult to transport the oil and gas to markets
23. Bolshevik ideals were inspired by communist principles developed by German revolutionary philosopher _____________, and the first leader of Russia's Communist Party was ______________. A) Josef Stalin; Karl Marx B) Mikhail Gorbachev; Josef Stalin C) Karl Marx; Vladimir Lenin D) Ivan the Terrible; Czar Nicholas II
Karl Marx; Vladimir Lenin
56. Which of the following is an accurate illustration of post-Soviet Moscow's real estate situation? A) Rents have been reduced, making apartments more affordable and thus exacerbating the housing shortage in Moscow. B) All of Moscow's residents were forced to live in dachas in the city's periphery to free up space for privatized businesses. C) Many residents claimed ownership of the apartments in which they had been living when the government allowed free living space to Moscow residents. D) The housing shortage in Moscow was eliminated with the privatization of the real estate business in 1991.
Many residents claimed ownership of the apartments in which they had been living when the government allowed free living space to Moscow residents
28. The leader largely responsible for perestroika, or the restructuring of the economy, is: A) Mikhail Gorbachev. B) Vladimir Lenin. C) Joseph Stalin. D) Vladimir Putin.
Mikhail Gorbachev
43. Which of the following is not a cause of the Europe's slow population growth and aging population? A) Fertility rates are decreasing as more women are career-oriented. B) Raising a child is increasingly expensive. C) Health care has increased life expectancies. D) More immigrants are coming from outside the region.
More immigrants are coming from outside the region
41. Which of the following is true regarding the geographic distribution of social protection systems in the EU? A) North Europe has the most poorly funded social protections in the region. B) West Europe assists those in need but does not try to promote upward mobility. C) The former Soviet bloc countries spend most of their GDP on social protection. D) North Europe funds child care, in part to help women enter the labor market and to give all children a certain common set of values.
North Europe funds child care, in part to help women enter the labor market and to give all children a certain common set of values
40. Which of the following statements is true in the ongoing confrontation between Russia and Ukraine? A) Russia annexed Crimea in part to give Russia better access to the Black Sea. B) The rural and agriculturally rich Donetsk Basin is currently held by rebels in eastern Ukraine. C) Russia may attempt to annex Crimea in the same way that it did eastern Ukraine. D) Ukraine's government is challenged to balance the demands of citizens in the west who have closer ties with Russia, with those in the east who want closer ties with the EU.
Russia annexed Crimea in part to give Russia better access to the Black Sea
30. Which of the following is not true of Russia's oil and gas industry? A) Dependence on a single industry has caused Russia great difficulty during times when the price of fossil fuel drops. B) Russia is the largest exporter in the world of both natural gas and oil. C) Russia's economic relationship with Europe is largely based on the oil and gas trade. D) Russia has been known to use its gas exports to influence the politics and economies of countries in Central Europe.
Russia is the largest exporter in the world of both natural gas and oil
21. The first non-Russian area to be annexed into the Russian empire, in the early seventeenth century, was: A) Siberia. B) Tatarstan. C) Georgia. D) Armenia
Siberia
60. The European Russian city located on the Baltic Sea, once the Russian capital and today a center of Russian culture, is: A) Moscow. B) Vladivostok. C) Stavropol. D) St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg
27. Which of the following is not true of leadership related to the USSR during the World War II and Cold War periods? A) Hitler exhausted his war machine in his failed attempt to conquer the Soviet Union. B) Stalin was determined to erect a buffer of allied Communist states in Central Europe that would be the battleground of any future war with Europe. C) U.S. and UK leaders ceded control of much of Central Europe to the Soviet Union. D) Stalin was determined to utterly dominate Western Europe.
Stalin was determined to utterly dominate Western Europe
35. Which of the following is an effect of the large size of the informal economy in Russia? A) The substantial money in the informal economy leads to large tax collections for the government. B) The substantial money in the informal economy is not taxed. C) Vodka consumption has increased. D) Vodka consumption has decreased.
The substantial money in the informal economy is not taxed
54. Which of the following is not a center of Muslim practice in the modern Russian region? A) Azerbaijan B) Chechnya C) Ukraine D) Tatarstan
Ukraine
6. Europe's moderate climate is largely due to the: A) presence of numerous mountain ranges in its landmass. B) climate-moderating effects of the large bodies of water that surround it. C) Gulf Stream and the jet stream. D) atmospheric cooling effects of volcanic eruptions in Scandinavia
climate-moderating effects of the large bodies of water that surround it
50. Soviet policy formally: A) encouraged women to be homemakers. B) encouraged all women to work outside the home for wages. C) encouraged women to work in the informal economy. D) stated that husbands and wives could not work in the same industry or at the same state-run company.
encouraged all women to work outside the home for wages
61. The population of Siberian Russia is centered: A) in the southern quarter of the sub-region. B) in the northern quarter of the sub-region. C) along the Volga River. D) in the mountains.
in the southern quarter of the sub-region
70. Since 1991, which of the following has greatly affected the daily lives of many Caucasians? A) inter-ethnic strife B) drought-induced famine C) violence by Chinese soldiers D) the disappearance of oil resources
inter-ethnic strife
51. The trafficking of women in the region includes all of the following, except: A) kidnapping of women as slaves to be sold into the harems of sheikhs in Islamic countries. B) the smuggling of as many as 140,000 women into Europe where they are forced to work in the sex trade. C) kidnapping of schoolgirls by the Russia Mafia. D) marketing of women through the Internet bride industry.
kidnapping of women as slaves to be sold into the harems of sheikhs in Islamic countries
74. GDP per capita in Kazakhstan has increased greatly in the twenty-first century as a result of the nation's: A) oil reserves. B) carpet trade. C) close alliance with Russia. D) annexation of Turkmenistan.
oil reserves
39. President Vladimir Putin is known for bringing about all of the following, except: A) peace and prosperity. B) promoting a free press and media. C) restoring Russia's image as a world power. D) disallowing meaningful democratic reform.
promoting a free press and media
68. Caucasia is located between which two seas? A) the Aegean and the Adriatic B) the Black and the Baltic C) the Caspian and the Black D) the North and the Bering
the Caspian and the Black
26. The term used to describe the fifty-year-long geopolitical rivalry between the Soviet Union and its allies against the US and its allies is: A) proletariat. B) the Cold War. C) the Iron Curtain. D) the Bolshevik Revolution.
the Cold War
64. Given its location, the Russian Far East is well situated to develop economic relationships with: A) North America. B) the Pacific Rim. C) the European Union. D) South America.
the Pacific Rim
37. The temporary decrease in Russian agricultural production in the 1990s was the result of: A) prolonged drought in the region. B) crop diseases brought by migrating birds and insects from Asia. C) a lengthy strike by agricultural workers. D) the collapse of subsidies and trade arrangements from the Soviet era.
the collapse of subsidies and trade arrangements from the Soviet era
48. In general, into which category of income and human well-being do most of the countries of Russia and the post-Soviet states fall? A) the low range B) the middle range C) the high range D) the top 5 %
the middle range
53. Which of the following is a major element of cultural revival throughout the former Soviet Union? A) culinary diversity B) linguistic diversity C) the return to religion D) revival of ethnic attire
the return to religion
73. Civilization flourished in Central Asia until what change took place in 1500? A) a shift in weather patterns that turned Central Asia into a dust-bowl B) the shift from trade along the Silk Road to trade along sea lanes C) the migration of non-native peoples into the region D) the region's decision to be self-sufficient rather than engage in trade
the shift from trade along the Silk Road to trade along sea lanes
49. GDP per capita in Russia tends to overstate the general well-being of the Russian population because: A) the data have not been updated since the Soviet era. B) Russian authorities refuse to report their national economic data. C) wealth is highly concentrated in the hands of a small wealthy elite. D) the fact that Russia is so densely populated skews the numbers.
wealth is highly concentrated in the hands of a small wealthy elite
29. All of the following describe Russia's "shock therapy" strategy, except: A) abandonment of government price controls. B) 65 % of Russia's economy being held privately. C) inflation and high prices during the 1990s. D) widespread wealth and prosperity.
widespread wealth and prosperity
36. In the Soviet Union, what institution provided most of one's basic social services? A) nongovernmental organizations B) workplace C) extended family D) military
workplace
23. The greatest challenge to Roman Catholicism in medieval Europe was: A) Islam. B) the Protestant Reformation. C) secular humanism. D) Unitarian philosophies.
the Protestant Reformation
39. Which of the following countries are not part of the European Union? A) France and Germany B) Italy and Iceland C) Switzerland and Norway D) Finland and Belgium
Switzerland and Norway
57. Which country is not a part of Great Britain? A) the Republic of Ireland B) Scotland C) Wales D) England
the Republic of Ireland
13. Which is not a major supplier of crude oil and natural gas to Europe? A) Norway B) Russia C) the US D) the Middle East
the US
49. While European countries generally rank high on the GDI (Gender Development Index), several countries have GDIs that are lower than average, causing concern. Which of the following is one of the countries of concern? A) Spain B) the United Kingdom C) Austria D) Norway
the United Kingdom
15. Which of the following is not true of Russia's greenhouse gas emissions? A) Russia's lack of forest cover causes an increase in CO2, as there are few trees to absorb CO2. B) Greenhouse gas emissions have seen an overall decline since the Soviet era. C) Companies burn off the natural gas that comes to the surface when oil wells are drilled. D) Russia's greenhouse gas emissions are not as high as those of the US.
Russia's lack of forest cover causes an increase in CO2, as there are few trees to absorb CO2
7. To deal with the challenges posed by the mid-latitude temperate climate, Europeans have developed a sophisticated system of: A) air purification. B) population control. C) wind power. D) drainage.
drainage
25. Which of the following statements is true of Paris and London? A) Although well known, they are relatively small with populations under 1 million each. B) They are unimportant on the global scale. C) They are world cities of cultural and economic significance. D) They have been of global importance since Roman times.
They are world cities of cultural and economic significance.
3. The highest and most central part of the major European mountain range is known as the: A) Pyrenees. B) Balkans. C) Alps. D) Urals
Alps
4. The physical geography of Europe is best described as: A) an island region, separated from the landmass of Asia by large rivers. B) a plateau, raised up from sea level and surrounded by steep cliffs with few beaches and largely unnavigable rivers. C) a large peninsula, emerging from the western edge of the Eurasian continent, made up of many smaller peninsulas. D) a vast lowland covered with swampy areas, extending to the foot of the Ural mountains
a large peninsula, emerging from the western edge of the Eurasian continent, made up of many smaller peninsulas
38. Which is not required of countries looking to join the European Union? A) a primarily (at least 51 %) Christian population B) a democratically elected government C) a functioning market economy open to foreign investment D) guarantees of certain human rights and respect for minorities
a primarily (at least 51 %) Christian population
34. The creation of the EU formalizes which of the following processes? A) economic integration of Europe B) rising self-sufficiency of European countries C) spread of European influence into northern Africa D) the replacement of NATO by a similar European-led alliance
economic integration of Europe
13. For what purpose were the waters of the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers, both of which supply the Aral Sea, diverted? A) hydropower production B) nuclear reactor cooling C) textile manufacturing D) farmland irrigation
farmland irrigation
69. Sufficient production of what type of energy allows Norway to export its oil and gas to the EU? A) solar power B) wind power C) coal and oil shale D) hydropower
hydropower
40. All of the following have been concerns regarding Turkey's possible membership in the European Union, except: A) issues regarding separation of religion and government. B) human rights violations. C) strained relations with Cyprus. D) its physical location (partially in Europe, partially in Asia).
its physical location (partially in Europe, partially in Asia)
24. Which of the following did not occur during the Age of Exploration in Europe, according to the text? A) Many European states established colonies in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. B) The Protestant Reformation challenged the practices of the Catholic Church. C) European politics, culture, and intellectual thought experienced a rebirth. D) Feudalism emerged as the dominant social system.
Feudalism emerged as the dominant social system
47. In recent years, Muslim riots in Europe can best be explained by: A) Muslims' inherent anti-Semitic prejudice. B) Muslims' following of sharia law. C) Muslims' perceived exclusion from social services and education. D) Muslims' refusal to assimilate.
Muslims' perceived exclusion from social services and education
8. Which of the following is the best summary of Soviet ideology's approach to the environment? A) Nature is a powerful force and should be respected. B) Forests should be harvested, but water should not be polluted. C) Nature is the servant of industrial and agricultural progress. D) Humanity should live in harmony with the land.
Nature is the servant of industrial and agricultural progress
2. The world's largest country in area is: A) China. B) Canada. C) Russia. D) the US.
Russia
11. Which of the following does not describe the Guerrilla Gardener movement? A) a group of green activists numbering in the thousands B) rogue gardeners that plant flowers in the traffic islands of Central London C) made up of bureaucrats, stock traders, and computer programmers D) the mandatory inclusion of gardens and public spaces
the mandatory inclusion of gardens and public spaces
79. Post-Communist reforms in many Central European countries, particularly Romania and Bulgaria, has been hampered by: A) the persistence of corruption and organized crime. B) the lack of an educated workforce. C) the lack of capital for the purchase of state-owned enterprises. D) their linguistic and religious diversity.
the persistence of corruption and organized crime
53. Which of the following distinctions is true about the French city of Marseilles? A) It is France's leading seaport. B) Its tourism-focused development strategy has failed. C) It anchors France's declining northern industrial region. D) It is the center of the largest grape-producing region in France.
It is France's leading seaport
54. Which statement best summarizes the position of the former East Germany after the dismantling of the Berlin Wall? A) It had a considerably higher standard of living than most other European nations. B) Its natural environment was fairly pristine due to strict environmental laws under Russian leadership. C) Its products were not competitive in world markets. D) It has managed to maintain a fairly high level of employment despite some pressures from foreign competition.
Its products were not competitive in world markets
62. Which of the following describes the tourism industry in South Europe? A) Tourism profits declined in the 1990s due to environmental disaster in the Mediterranean Sea. B) Tourism mainly benefits the citizens of rural, isolated European villages. C) Tourism is strictly regulated in South Europe due to its negative impact on coastal environments and rural culture. D) Tourism is important to the economy of South Europe, especially benefiting scenic coastal and island citizens.
Tourism is important to the economy of South Europe, especially benefiting scenic coastal and island citizens
9. The world's worst nuclear disaster took place in: A) Georgia. B) Russia. C) Ukraine. D) Chechnya.
Ukraine
76. All of the following are nostalgic perceptions of the former Communist reign in Central Europe, except: A) a booming economy. B) stable jobs. C) a strong authoritarian government. D) free health care and education.
a booming economy
26. Which of the following represents the defining feat of Europe's Industrial Revolution? A) mechanization of production B) unionization of labor C) colonization of Africa D) collectivization of agriculture
mechanization of production
1. The entire European region is one giant _____________ extending off the Eurasian continent. A) archipelago B) peninsula C) atoll D) island
peninsula
3. Russia remains predominant in its region (and the world) due to all of the following, except its: A) oil and gas reserves. B) military. C) size and population. D) strong currency
strong currency
30. Following the world wars, Europe was reconstructed partially with the assistance of the US under the: A) Monroe Doctrine. B) Marshall Plan. C) Taft Act. D) Treaty of Versailles.
Marshall Plan
68. Most of Europe's remaining forests are found in: A) Germany and Switzerland. B) Austria and Hungary. C) Sweden and Finland. D) Denmark and Lichtenstein.
Sweden and Finland
78. What happens when too much of a given product (for example, wine) is produced? A) Demand for that product goes up across the world. B) The price of that product goes down. C) Society finds other helpful uses for the product. D) Organized crime gets involved in production and distribution of the product.
The price of that product goes down
48. Which of the following statements is not true about gender roles in modern Europe? A) The %age of women in the professional and technical fields is growing. B) Many European women who work outside the home still face the "double day." C) Women, in general, have higher social status and earn higher pay than men. D) Male social advantages are somewhat stronger in Central and Southern Europe than in North and West Europe.
Women, in general, have higher social status and earn higher pay than men
75. Serbian violence against Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia was based primarily on: A) religious conflict. B) Nazi principles. C) a desire to keep resources and skills within Yugoslavia. D) Tito's directives for keeping Yugoslavia united at all costs.
a desire to keep resources and skills within Yugoslavia
32. Which of the following is among the core ideas of the EU? A) strengthen boundaries to increase productivity rates independently within member countries B) achieve economic and social integration C) increase tariffs on European goods to generate funds for the welfare system D) build power among European states to combat communism
achieve economic and social integration
59. Which of the following has aided in improving Ireland's economy? A) reduced cost of living B) attraction of foreign manufacturing companies C) increased taxes for large companies D) the admission of Hungary to the EU
attraction of foreign manufacturing companies
55. Which of the following events did the exodus of people in 1961 from East Germany trigger? A) occupation of East Germany by Soviet troops B) construction of the Berlin Wall C) unification of East and West Germany D) creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
construction of the Berlin Wall
9. What climate type dominates central Europe and northern Scandinavia, and consists of hot summers and long, cold winters? A) Mediterranean B) mid-latitude temperate C) continental D) North Atlantic Drift
continental
20. Feudalism developed in medieval Europe to: A) increase the amount of land being seeded. B) impose a social structure on local communities. C) stimulate peace treaties among warring clans. D) defend rural areas against invaders from Scandinavia and the Eurasian interior.
defend rural areas against invaders from Scandinavia and the Eurasian interior
15. Air pollution is heavy over the North European Plain due to all of the following factors, except: A) large population. B) dense transport routes. C) heavy industry. D) radioactive particles created by nuclear energy.
radioactive particles created by nuclear energy
12. Which of the following is not a stated environmental goal of the European Union? A) increase its use of renewable energy B) strengthen its energy security C) create green jobs to stimulate the economy D) reduce CO2 emissions to zero by 2050
reduce CO2 emissions to zero by 2050
36. Only about ___ % of Europeans are engaged in full-time farming. A) 2.3 B) 10 C) 12.5 D) 25
2.3
46. In Europe, acceptance of immigrants tends to rise with: A) close proximity to a large body of water. B) family size. C) economic stability and income. D) number of generations living in a family home.
economic stability and income
61. In what sector of the economy in Britain are most new jobs created? A) services B) manufacturing C) agriculture D) industry
services
29. Until its demise at the end of the 1980s, the Soviet sphere of influence included which of the following countries? A) West Germany B) East Germany C) Italy D) Sweden
East Germany
5. The part of Russia west of the Urals is sometimes called: A) Georgia. B) Kirkuk. C) European Russia. D) Turkmenistan.
European Russia
18. The first civilizations in Europe were found in: A) London and Antwerp. B) Greece and Rome. C) Turkey and Asia Minor. D) Madrid and Paris.
Greece and Rome
60. Which of the following is true concerning the conflict over Northern Ireland? A) The Irish Republican Army supports British control of the province. B) Voters in the Republic of Ireland rejected the peace accord reached in 1998. C) Historically, Protestants have possessed political control in Northern Ireland. D) Unlike the Catholics, Protestant groups have not pursued campaigns of violence.
Historically, Protestants have possessed political control in Northern Ireland
35. Which statement describes the Schengen Agreement? A) It provided agricultural subsidies to European farmers. B) It established EU peacekeeping operations in Afghanistan. C) It encouraged the importation of foreign foods into Europe. D) It allowed free movement of people and goods among the nations of the European Union.
It allowed free movement of people and goods among the nations of the European Union
52. Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the Netherlands? A) It never established colonies in the tropics, as did its European neighbors. B) It has rejected the idea of the EU and today is not a member. C) It shuns any engagement in international trade. D) Its landscape is almost entirely modified by humans.
Its landscape is almost entirely modified by humans
77. Which statement is true regarding the agricultural reform that took place in the Czech Republic in the 1990s? A) Privatized farms were collectivized into large government-owned farms. B) Thirty % of agricultural land was sold to large, corporate farms. C) Land was restored to its original owners or reorganized into private cooperatives. D) Privately owned farms were sold to the wealthier western European countries.
Land was restored to its original owners or reorganized into private cooperatives
19. Romance languages are derived from: A) Latin. B) Aramaic. C) Indo-European. D) Coptic.
Latin
63. Which of the following is not a distinctive ethnic enclave of modern Spain? A) Galicia B) the Basque country C) Catalonia D) Malaga
Malaga
21. Which of the following statements describes a feudal social system? A) Serfs cultivated pieces of land owned by nobles, who, in turn, provided military protection for the serfs. B) Serfs, protected by knights, owned all land and controlled the profits generated in the cultivation of that land. C) Serfs controlled the government and were supported by the labors of aristocrats who owned and worked the land. D) Nobles employed serfs to protect their lands against armies of knights who made a living pillaging lands cultivated by the nobles
Serfs cultivated pieces of land owned by nobles, who, in turn, provided military protection for the serfs
16. Why are the Mediterranean and Black Seas prone to heavier loads of pollution than the Atlantic Ocean and North Sea? A) The countries bordering the Black and Mediterranean Seas are home to industries that create higher levels of pollution. B) Higher temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean and North Sea cause pollution to biodegrade much more quickly. C) The Atlantic Ocean and North Sea are part of or closely connected to the circulating flow of the world ocean, allowing them to disperse pollution more easily. D) The Mediterranean and Black Seas support heavier populations, which create more human and industrial waste
The Atlantic Ocean and North Sea are part of or closely connected to the circulating flow of the world ocean, allowing them to disperse pollution more easily
10. Which of the following is not true regarding Europe's vulnerability to climate change? A) The Mediterranean is likely to have the least consequential changes. B) Central and Eastern Europe will face decreasing precipitation and risk of forest fires. C) The Mediterranean will face desertification, loss of biodiversity, water scarcity, and subtropical diseases. D) Northern Europe will face increased precipitation, flooding, and rising seas.
The Mediterranean is likely to have the least consequential changes
65. Which of the following is not an explanation for Italy's inability to attract foreign investment? A) government corruption B) high tax rates C) an uneducated populace D) inadequate infrastructure
an uneducated populace
42. What was the dominant type of housing constructed to accommodate the post-World War II growth of Europe's cities? A) detached single-family homes B) extended-family compounds C) apartments D) communal dormitories
apartments
6. In Central Asia, east of the Caucasus Mountains, the climate is best described as: A) moist. B) arid or semiarid. C) temperate. D) tundra-like.
arid or semiarid
80. Which of the following is not among the primary economic growth strategies adopted by governments of Central Europe? A) encouragement of foreign investment B) movement toward democracy C) refurbishment of historic buildings to boost tourism D) nationalization of small, private producers
nationalization of small, private producers
31. Which of the following is a strategy that the EU employs in an effort to reduce costs of production in the wealthiest EU member countries? A) relocate factories from wealthy EU countries to lower-wage countries in the EU B) raise tariffs within the EU C) move companies to Mexico, Southeast Asia, or China D) reduce wages and eliminate jobs in the wealthy countries of North Europe
relocate factories from wealthy EU countries to lower-wage countries in the EU
56. Which of the following constitutes a major social problem that Germans faced in the 1990s and during the global recession of 2008-2009? A) declining trade with Europe B) an underdeveloped industrial sector C) the poor western zone consuming the state's declining revenues D) rising unemployment
rising unemployment
14. The environmental and climatic changes wrought by the diversion of water from the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers are reflected in which of the following phenomena? A) saltwater intrusion in the Black Sea B) shrinkage of the Aral Sea C) heavier and more frequent rains in Central Asia D) cooler average temperatures throughout Central Asia
shrinkage of the Aral Sea
11. Which of the following is not a resource that Russia has in abundance? A) iron ore and coal B) nickel C) forests D) silver and gold
silver and gold
66. Which of the following political situations is not part of Greece's history? A) Greek monarchy B) socialist state C) occupation by other countries, including Italy and Germany D) military coup-established dictatorship
socialist state
58. According to the textbook, in addition to abundant rain, what is another substantial physical resource of the Republic of Ireland? A) forests B) soil C) oil shale D) natural gas
soil
14. The form of alternative energy that has been rapidly growing in Europe is: A) ethanol-based power. B) nuclear power. C) solar power. D) hydroelectric power
solar power
45. Which of the following is not one of the components of the EU's active aging strategy? A) valuing employment productivity and appreciating of older workers B) staying more years at work, and working longer hours C) encouraging social participation through paid or volunteer work in the community D) remaining fit and healthy and independent
staying more years at work, and working longer hours
2. The preferred term used to refer to the group of countries that includes Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia is: A) southeastern Europe. B) the Philippines. C) the Balkans. D) the Bosporus and the Dardanelles.
the Balkans
17. The earliest towns in the Russian region arose in: A) the far eastern end of the region. B) the dry lands of Central Asia and the forests of Caucasia, Ukraine, and Russia. C) the interior of the region, within a day's travel distance of water and mountains. D) areas invaded and destroyed by the nomadic pastoralists.
the dry lands of Central Asia and the forests of Caucasia, Ukraine, and Russia
50. Which of the following is not an issue facing West Europe today? A) the re-emergence of strong Communist governments B) high unemployment C) social tensions generated by the influx of immigrants D) the need to increase global competitiveness
the re-emergence of strong Communist governments
28. What was the goal of the various types of welfare states that were introduced throughout Europe? A) to provide support to families headed by women widowed by fatalities during World War II B) to maintain the prosperity of those who lost their jobs to more skilled immigrants who had fled oppression in Communist countries C) to reduce extreme disparities in well-being that had been made worse with industrialization D) to prevent collusion between national labor unions and their corporate employers
to reduce extreme disparities in well-being that had been made worse with industrialization
8. Which of the following best describes the European Mediterranean climate? A) warm, dry summers; rainy, mild winters B) blistering summers; freezing winters C) wet summers; dry winters D) monsoon-laden summers; arctic winters
warm, dry summers; rainy, mild winters
