Test 2: Scrotum, Prostate, Penis

¡Supera tus tareas y exámenes ahora con Quizwiz!

hypoechoic, hyperechoic, or heterogeneous

What is the sonographic appearance of the prostate gland in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy?

zones

When imaging or describing the glandular prostate, the best technique to describe the prostate is to use

centrally

Where does the cavernosal artery course within the corposa cavernosa?

fever

Which is NOT a common symptom associated with acute scrotal conditions in the videos?

Prostate biopsy is commonly done at known sites of anatomic weakness.

Which of the following statements regarding ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is TRUE?

base

superior portion of the prostate gland

orchiopexy

surgical procedure done to fasten an undescended testicle into the scrotum or repair an acute testicular torsion

tubular ectasia of the rete testis

A patient presents for a scrotal sonogram with a history of vasectomy and scrotal discomfort. Multiple cystic structures are seen in both testes along the mediastinum testis. Color Doppler does not demonstrate any flow in these cystic structures.

epididymo-orchitis

A common cause of acute scrotal pain in adults is:

parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis.

A hydrocele develops between the:

1500

A mature male can produce ____ sperm a second.

prostate cancer

A patient is referred to an urologist for enlargement of the prostate found during a physical examination. The digital rectal examination reveals a hard mass in the posterior/lateral aspect. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value is 6.0. What is the most likely diagnosis?

teratoma

A patient with a history of undescended testis is NOT at an increased risk for which of the following?

bladder outlet obstruction, an abnormal DRE, and an abnormal PSA level

Patients with prostate cancer may present with which of the following symptoms?

patients may present with all of the symptoms below: bladder outlet obstruction, an abnormal DRE, and an abnormal PSA level

Patients with prostate cancer may present with which of the following symptoms?

young/middle aged

Testicular torsion usually occurs in _____ .

transrectal

The _____ approach is the most acceptable method of prostate sonography.

"bell clapper"

The _____ deformity is the most common underlying etiology of testicular torsion in adolescents.

epididymis

The _____ is the primary location for maturation and storage of sperm.

pampiniform

The ______ venous plexus contains cooler venous blood to absorb heat from arterial blood in the testes.

peripheral zone

The apex of the prostate is located inferior to the verumontanum and is made up predominantly of which zone?

verumontanum

The area close to the center of the prostate is called the

torsion

The doppler image below most likely demonstrates:

4 mm

The normal spermatic vein is considered dilated when it reaches what diameter?

corpus spongiosum

The penile urethra courses through what structure of the penis?

mid zone

The prostate gland is also divided into four main zones. Which of the following is NOT one of these zones?

3x3x5 cm

The prostate gland is the largest accessory sex gland in the male reproductive system, measuring approximately ______.

3 cm

The prostate gland measures approximately ____ long.

anterior

The prostate gland sits in the male pelvis _____ to the rectum.

the obturator internus and levator ani muscles.

The prostate is supported by

testicles, epididymis, and proximal vas deferens

The scrotum consists of the

urinary bladder and the rectum

The seminal vesicles are located between what two structures?

4 cm long, 3 cm in diameter (AP), 3 cm wide

The testes measure:

fibrinolysin

The white alkaline seminal fluid produced by the prostate gland includes all of the following EXCEPT:

chronic torsion

This patient presented after 5 days of testicular pain. The mixed echogenicities and lack of blood flow in the Lt testicle represents:

peripheral zone

This zone is the largest zone of the prostate and is situated on the posterior and lateral side.

central zone

This zone lies surrounds the ejaculatory duct.

left

Using the endorectal scanning plane, where on the transverse image is the RT lobe of the gland?

A cyst, found within the head of epididymis, that may contain debris

Which of the following best describes a spermatocele?

seminal vesicle cyst

Which of the following cysts will contain spermatozoa?

epithelial zone

Which of the following is NOT a zone within the glandular tissue of the prostate gland?

seminal vesicles

Which of the following is NOT located within the scrotum?

vas deferens

Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 tubes that makes up the penis?

tunica albuginea

Which of the following is the fibrous sheath that covers and protects the testis and also makes up the mediastinum testis?

AFP

Which of the following lab values may be elevated with a testicular malignancy?

occurs more frequently in Asian and American Indian men

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding prostate cancer?

The left testicular vein drains directly into the IVC

Which of the following statements regarding the testicular veins is FALSE?

Prostate biopsy is commonly done at known sites of anatomic weakness

Which of the following statements regarding ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is TRUE?

transition zone

Your patient presents for a sonography examination to evaluate for benign prostatic hypertrophy. Which zone is most affected by BPH?

BPH

Your patient states that he has had a transurethral resection or TURP procedure. What condition does this procedure treat?

pampiniform plexus

a network of veins that drains the epididymis and testis

valsalva maneuver

a technique in which the patient is asked to bear down to increase the intra-abdominal pressure and aid in the diagnosis of varicocele and scrotal hernia

ejaculatory ducts

duct that passes through the central zone and empties into the urethra

testicular

The primary source of blood flow to the testicles is via the _____________ arteries.

transitional zone

This zone enlarges in aging men resulting in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Varicocele

A patient presents for a scrotal sonogram with a history of infertility. The testes appear normal bilaterally. Superior to the testes, multiple cystic structures are seen. The largest of these structures measures 4 mm. Color Doppler demonstrates flow within these structures and increased flow is seen when the patient is asked to perform the Valsalva maneuver. What is the likely diagnosis?

varicocele

A patient presents for a scrotal sonogram with a history of infertility. The testes appear normal bilaterally. Superior to the testes, multiple cystic structures are seen. The largest of these structures measures 4 mm. Color Doppler demonstrates flow within these structures and increased flow is seen when the patient is asked to perform the Valsalva maneuver. What is the likely diagnosis?

Peyronie disease

A patient presents to the sonography department for a penile sonogram. He complains of a painful curvature of the penis and impotence. What is the most likely diagnosis?

apex

inferior portion of the prostate gland

digital rectal examination

What is considered the gold standard for screening for prostate cancer?

more sensitive to low flow

What is the advantage to using color power Doppler when diagnosing testicular torsion?

seminomas

What is the most common pure germ cell tumor accounting for 40-50% of primary testicular neoplasms?

BPH

What is the most common symptomatic condition to affect the prostate gland?

fracture

What is the most likely diagnosis for the LONG penis image below on this ER trauma patient?

mediastinum testis

What is the anatomic name of a bright echogenic fibrofatty tissue often seen in the longitudinal plane within the testicle?

2-8 mm

What is the approximate normal thickness of the scrotal wall?

spermatic cord

What is the arrow in the image below pointing to in this scrotal ultrasound?

Medium level echoes

What is the echogenicity of the corpus spongiosum?

A. testis B. tail of epididymis C. body of epididymis D. head of epididymis

Label the following image:

1. bladder 2. vas deferens 3. urethra 4. epididymis 5. prostate 6. seminal vesicle

Label the following:

epididymitis

A 26-year-old man presents with fever, scrotal pain, and swelling. The sonogram shows an enlarged hypoechoic epididymis with hyperemia. A small hydrocele is noted. The testis appears normal. What is the likely diagnosis?

testicular torsion

Acute onset of testicular pain at rest is a common clinical finding with:

AFP

Alpha fetoprotein level that may be elevated with hepatocellular carcinoma and certain testicular cancers

A. bladder B. seminal vesicles C. ejaculatory ducts D. urethra E. base of penis F. sphincter muscles G. prostate

Match the anatomy of this sagittal view of the male pelvis with the corresponding letter:

A. hyperplasia B. hypertrophy

Match the term with the correct image below:

efferent ducts

Spermatozoa exit the testis through the

testicular atrophy

Symptoms for a varicocele include all of the following EXCEPT:

True

T/F: Even though BPH leads to an increased amount of prostate tissue, it does not lead to prostatic carcinoma.

homogeneous

Testicular parenchyma on ultrasound is

decreased

Testicular torsion is characterized by ____ cremasteric reflex.

corpora amylacea

calcifications commonly seen in the inner gland of the prostate

Eiffel Tower sign

shadowing created by calcification in the area of the urethra and verumontanum

False

T/F: The main function of the prostate gland is to store urine and sperm until it is time to void or ejaculate.

True

T/F: The most important finding is the absence of blood flow on color Doppler when diagnosing torsion.

True

T/F: The seminal vesicles join with the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory ducts.

hematoma

A 15-year-old boy is hit in the scrotum by a "line drive" during a high school baseball game. He enters the ultrasound department the following day with a swollen and bruised right testicle. The results of the ultrasound evaluation are shown in Figure 2. What is the most likely diagnosis?

seminoma

A 42-year-old patient presents with a painless right scrotal mass. Sonographically, a 2.5-cm, irregular, hypoechoic mass is seen in the mid-right testis. Color Doppler demonstrates hyperemia. The remainder of the scrotum, including the scrotal wall, appears normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

lymphoma

A 59-year-old man is seen in the ultrasound department with enlargement of the right testicle. He has had general malaise for the past month but only last week noticed the irregularity in his testicle. Ultrasound examination reveals the findings in Figure 1. What is the most likely diagnosis?

BPH

A 67-year-old man in generally good health has had difficulty in urination for the past 6 months. One morning, he awakes in extreme discomfort and is unable to urinate. What is the most likely diagnosis?

hyperemia

An increase in blood flow to the tissue

50%-100%

BPH is very common occurring in approximately ____ of men aged more than 50 years.

BPH

Based on the following image, what is Joseph's likely diagnosis?

adenocarcinoma

Based on the following image, what is Sam's likely diagnosis?

12 to 18 years of age

Between what ages is testicular torsion most common?

surgical capsule

Connective tissue separating the peripheral and central zones of the prostate is termed:

obtain Doppler spectrum without angle correction

Correct sonographic investigation for evaluation for vascular impotence would include all of the following except:

lies between the prostate and the rectum

Denonvilliers' fascia:

benign prostatic hypertrophy

Enlargement of the prostate in older men is most often caused by:

A patient starting to void then manually clamping the glans penis

Evaluation of urethral stricture should be performed with:

beta-hCG

Human chorionic gonadotropin is produced during pregnancy but is also secreted by certain testicular cancers

prostatitis

If a patient comes in with dysuria, fever & chills, and on a DRE the prostate is warm and tender, what is a likely diagnosis?

hyperechoic to the seminal vesicles.

In a scan of the prostate and seminal vesicles, the prostate appears

peripheral zone

In which zone does prostate cancer and prostatitis most often occur?

sexually transmitted disease

In young men, what is most common cause of epididymitis?

A. base B. midzone C. apex

Label the areas of the prostate below:

A. prostate gland B. ejaculatory ducts C. urethra

Label the following image of the male genitalia:

A. pubis B. glans penis C. foreskin D. penis

Label the following:

1. pampiform plexus 2. varicocele 3. epididymis 4. vas deferens

Label the image below:

1. testicle 2. epididymis

Label the image below:

A. appendix testis B. appendix epididymis C. efferent ductules D. ductus deferens E. head, body, tail of epididymis F. superior aberrant ductule G. rete testis H. tunica albuginea I. mediastinum testis J. lobules of testis K. seminiferous tubule

Label the image:

A. bladder B. rectum C. prostate

Label this image of the male pelvis below:

A. transition zone B. urethra C. peripheral zone D. central zone E. seminal vesicles F. ejaculatory duct

Match the zonal anatomy with the corresponding labels.

Stage D

Prostate cancer that has invaded the seminal vesicles and local lymph nodes is classified as:

alkaline phosphatase

Serum _______ is a serum marker that will be elevated if prostate cancer shows osteoblastic metastases.

True

T/F: The base of the penis is supported by a suspensory ligament

epididymis

What anatomy is included within the scrotum?

corpus spongiosum

What does the THIN arrow at the bottom of this LONG image represent?

Hydrocele

What is a collection of serous fluid located between the layers of the tunica vaginalis called?

hydrocele

What is a collection of serous fluid located between the layers of the tunica vaginalis called?

low level echoes

What is the echogenicity of the spermatic cord?

testicular torsion

What is the most common cause of an infarcted testicle?

Varicocele

What is the most common correctable cause of male infertility?

varicocele

What is the most common correctable cause of male infertility?

Squamous cell carcinoma

What is the most common malignancy of the penis?

varicocele

What scrotal abnormality is caused by incompetent valves within the pampiniform plexus?

enlarged torsed testicle

What sonographic appearances in this image below represents torsion?

warm compress

What technique is used to accentuate small arteries of penis for impotence evaluation?

12 MHz - 15 MHz linear

What transducer is optimal for proper visualization of penis?

infarction

tissue death that occurs due to lack of blood flow

from the ventral side

Penile arterial flow is evaluated by scanning the penis:

tunica albuginea

Peyronie's Disease is an inflammatory condition in which fibrous nodules and later calcifications form along the:

dorsal

Peyronie's disease is demonstration of calcification(s) along what portion of penis?

release secretions

The arrow referenced in the image below contains glands that:

bulb of the penis

The blue arrow is pointing to an area of the penis called:

corpus spongiosum

The blue arrow is pointing to what structure on the underneath side of the penis?

lung

The corpora amylacea are normal findings in the prostate and can be seen in normal _____ tissue as well

varicocele

The dilated spermatic cord in the image below most likely represents:

glans penis

The end of the penis where the green arrow is pointing is referred to as the:

testosterone

The endocrine function of the testicles is to produce:

vas deferens

The green arrow in the image below is pointing to what structure?

corpus cavernosum

The green arrow is pointing to what structure on the penis?

seminal vesicles

The green arrows in this male pelvis are pointing to the:

testicular torsion

The image below most likely represents what critical scrotal pathology?

peripheral zone

The largest portion of the glandular prostate is the

deep artery of the penis, bulbourethral artery, and dorsal artery

The main arterial blood supply of the penis includes the

6 weeks gestation

The male and female embryo has identical external genitalia until:

scrotum into 2 testicles

The median raphe divides the

High-resolution, high-frequency

The most appropriate transducer for penile ultrasound is:

seminoma

The most common germ cell tumor of the testis is the:

peripheral zone

The most common location of prostatic cancer is the:

impotence due to urethral "leak"

Ultrasound of the penis is performed to discover all conditions EXCEPT:

cryptorchidism

Undescended testicle

guide radiotherapy treatment

Which of the following is NOT a use of sonography for evaluation of BPH?

Patient suffering from acute prostatitis, diabetic patients, and immune-compromised patients

Which of the following patients are more likely to develop prostate abscess?

BPH affects the central zone of the prostate.

Which of the following statements regarding BPH is FALSE?

rete testis

Which of the following undergoes tubular ectasia caused by dilatation of the seminiferous tubules and is associated with epididymal cysts and spermatoceles?

peripheral zone

Which of the glandular zones of the prostate is the largest?

Ask the patient to lay prone on the examination table

Which of these steps is NOT described as something that would happen during a scrotal exam.

Flow in the cord is decreased with testicular torsion and increased with epididymitis

Which statement is critical in differentiating acute testicular torsion from an acute epididymitis?

ejaculatory duct

Which structure travels within the central zone of the prostate gland and joins the urethra?

core biopsy

Which type of biopsy uses an automatic spring-loaded device to provide tissue for analysis?


Conjuntos de estudio relacionados

AWS All Chapters - All Review Questions

View Set

Chapter Eight: Segment and Interim Reporting

View Set

Chapter 1: Intro to Corporate Finances

View Set