TEST 3 CHAPTER 19- heart

A. The signal is taking too long to get to the AV node.

52. An extended period of time between the P wave and the QRS complex may indicate which of the following?

E. the AV node is not functioning

53. If two QRS complexes occur before a P wave it means the __________.

E. T wave

54. In a normal ECG, the deflection that is generated by ventricular repolarization is called the __________.

D. mitral; aortic

55. When the left ventricle contracts, the __________ valve closes and the __________ valve is pushed open.

A. left atrium

56. Mitral valve prolapse causes blood to leak back into the __________ when the ventricles contract.

C. R wave

57. Isovolumetric contraction occurs during the __________ of the electrocardiogram. A. Pwave

B. rises rapidly

58. During isovolumetric contraction, the pressure in the ventricles __________.

C. lubb (S1); ventricles contract

59. Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) generates a murmur associated with the __________ heart sound that occurs when the __________.

T

6. Parasympathetic stimulation reduces heart rate.

E. Ventricular filling isovolumetric contraction ventricular ejection isovolumetric relaxation

60. Which is the correct sequence of events of the cardiac cycle?

D. during atrial diastole

61. Most of the ventricle filling occurs __________.

A. aortic

62. When the ventricles relax, the __________ valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle.

B. can cause systemic edema

63. Congestive heart failure (CHF) of the right ventricle __________.

A. 30; 80

64. Assume that the left ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV=90mL, and ESV=60mL, and a cardiac output of 2,400 mL/min. His SV is __________ mL/beat and his HR is __________ bpm.

C. increased venous return

65. Stroke volume is increased by

. cardiac output

66. The volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute is called the __________.

D. medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors in the aortic arch

67. Cardioinhibitory centers in the __________ receive input from __________.

B. the end-diastolic volume

68. The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to __________.

A. more dense

69. Mercury is used to measure blood pressure because it is __________ compared to other liquids.

F

7. Cardiac muscle can only use glucose as a source of organic fuel.

T

8. If the SA node is damaged, nodal rhythm is sufficient to sustain life.

T

9. Repolarization of a ventricular cardiocyte takes longer than repolarization of a typical neuron.

T

10. Atrial hypertrophy would probably cause an enlarged P wave on an electrocardiogram.

T

11. Papillary muscles prevent the AV valves from prolapsing (bulging) excessively into the atria when the ventricles contract.

F

12. The ventricles are almost empty at the end of ventricular diastole.

F

13. Ventricular pressure increases the fastest during ventricular filling.

T

14. Hypercapnia and acidosis have positive chronotropic effects.

F

15. Endurance athletes commonly have a resting heart rate as low as 40 bpm, and a stroke volume as low as 50 mL/beat.

D. Venae cavae and pulmonary arteries

16. Which of the following carry oxygen-poor blood?

E. Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins

17. Which of the following belong to the pulmonary circuit?

A. Parietal pericardium of the serous pericardium

18. Which of the following is the most superficial layer enclosing the heart?

B. Mediastinum

19. The heart is located in the space called the __________.

F

2. The systemic circuit contains oxygen-rich blood only.

B. to the left

20. The apex of the heart is found __________ of the midline of the body.

parietal layer of the serous pericardium; visceral layer of the serous pericardium

21. Pericardial fluid is found between the __________ and the __________. A. visceral pericardium; myocardium

C. atria; ventricles

22. The __________ are the superior chambers of the heart and the _________ are the inferior chambers of the heart.

B. interventricular sulcus

23. The shallow depression seen on the external surface of the heart between the left and right ventricles is called the __________.

D. base; apex

24. The area where the major vessels lead to and from the heart's chambers is called the __________ of the heart. The pointy, inferior portion is called the ___________.

D. myocardium

25. The __________ performs the work of the heart. A. fibrous skeleton

B. right atrium; right ventricle

26. The right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) regulates the opening between the _________ and the _________.

A. right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves

27. Oxygen-poor blood passes through the _________. A. right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves

E. Pressure gradients

28. Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by _________. A. breathing

D. pulmonary

29. The __________ valve regulates the flow of blood between the right ventricle and the vessels leading to the lungs.

T

3. The fibrous skeleton of the heart serves as electrical insulation between the atria and the ventricles.

B. pulmonary trunk and arteries

30. The __________ carry blood toward the lungs.

A. Pulmonary trunk

31. Which of the following blood vessels receives blood directly from the right ventricle?

A. papillary muscles

32. The chordae tendinae of the AV valves are anchored to the __________ of the ventricles.

C. superior vena cava

33. After entering the right atrium, the furthest a red blood cell can travel is the _________.

D. Left coronary artery

34. Which of the following directly stems from the ascending aorta before it branches into the circumflex branch and anterior interventricular branch?

B. left coronary artery (LCA)

35. Obstruction of the ___________ will cause a more severe myocardial infarction (MI) than the obstruction of any of the others.

A. Muscle fiber striations

36. Which of the following is a feature shared by cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?

C. sinoatrial (SA) node

37. The __________ is the pacemaker that initiates each heart beat.

Tendinous cords

38. Which of the following is not part of the cardiac conduction system?

E. They have about the same endurance as skeletal muscle fibers.

39. Which of the following is not a feature of cardiac muscle?

F

4. Blood in the heart chambers provides most of the myocardium's oxygen and nutrient needs.

D. Sinoatrial (SA) node atrioventricular (AV) node atrioventricular (AV) bundle Purkinje fibers cardiocyte in LV

40. Which is the correct path of an electrical excitation from the pacemaker to a cardiocyte in the left ventricle (LV)?

A. Na+ inflow

41. The pacemaker potential is a result of _________.

E.slow Ca2+ channels

42. The plateau is the action potential of cardiac muscle from the action of

C. sharply depolarizes

43. When sodium channels are fully open, the membrane of the ventricular cardiocyte _________.

B. depolarize slow

44. Cells of the sinoatrial node __________ during the pacemaker potential. A. depolarize fast

E. arrhythmia

45. Any abnormal cardiac rhythm is called a(n) __________. A. ectopic focus

D. 40 to 50

46. If the sinoatrial (SA) node is damaged, the heart will likely beat at __________ bpm. A. 0 to 10

C. sarcoplasmic reticulum

47. The __________ provides most of the Ca2+ needed for myocardial contraction.

B. immediately after the P wave

48. Atrial systole begins __________.

A. Pwave

49. Atrial depolarization causes the _________. A. Pwave

F

5. Desmosomes form channels that allow each cardiocyte to electrically stimulate its neighbors.

C. Ca2+

50. The long plateau in the action potential observed in cardiocytes is probably related with __________ staying longer in the cytosol.

B. prevents tetanus

51. The long absolute refractory period of cardiocytes _________.

F

1. The pulmonary circuit is supplied by both the right and the left sides of the heart.

right ventricle

Blood flows into vessel C from which chamber?

A and B(mitral valve and aortic semilunar valve)

The closing of which valves is responsible for the lubb-dupp heart sounds?

True

The ventricles are the thicker more powerful chambers of the heart. They pump blood to the lungs and body.

aortic

Through which valve does blood flow to enter into vessel B?

B

Through which valve(s) does blood go to the lungs?

C and D ( aortic and pulmonary valves)

Through which valves does blood exit the heart?

dupp (S2); ventricles relax

When the aortic semilunar valve closes and blood bounces off of it, it produces the __________ heart sound that is ultimately related to when the __________.

right atrium

Where does blood in vessel E flow to?

Left atrioventricular valve

Which structure is highlighted?

Pulmonary Valve

Which structure is highlighted?

myocardium of left ventricle

Which structure is highlighted?

C. Mitral valve

Which valve does not have three cusps?

A and B(mitral valve and aortic semi lunar valve)

Which valves are connected to chordae tendineae?