test 3

Select all correct descriptions of the male urethra.

4 cm long, it functions in both urination and reproduction, as it leaves it is encircled by the prostate gland

True or false: The medullary cavity is located in the epiphysis of a bone.

False

Select all correct statements about the trachea.

Lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, wall contains smooth muscle, has goblet cells that produce mucus

What are lacunae?

Openings or chambers in compact bone

Select all of the following that are metabolic waste products.

Urea, creatinine, ammonium, uric acid

visceral pleura

adheres to surface of lung

Although they are not part of the urinary system, the glands labeled as G in the drawing lie on top of the kidneys and are therefore called the _________ glands.

adrenal

Within the human lung, each bronchiole leads to a number of air pockets called

alveoli

Select all of the structures that are part of the lower respiratory tract.

alveoli, bronchioles, lungs, trachea

What forces filtration at the glomerular capsule?

an increase in glomerular blood pressure

The types of connective tissue in the skeletal system are ____________ , cartilage (in joints), and ligaments.

bones

The trachea attaches directly to two tubes that lead into the lungs. These tubes are called the primary

bronchi

Within the bronchial tree, which structures contain C-shaped rings of cartilage?

bronchi, trachea

Bronchi subdivide into smaller tubes that are about 1mm in diameter that lead directly to alveoli. These smaller tubes are called

bronchioles

The secondary bronchi lead air into passageways of about 1 mm in diameter called

bronchioles

The type of connective tissue that is flexible, contains numerous collagen fibers, but contains no nerves or blood vessels is called

cartilage

What is the diaphysis of a long bone?

central shaft

The periosteum of a long bone

completely covers the bone, except on the end

What does the epiglottis do during swallowing?

covers the opening into the larynx

Another term for the central shaft or main portion of a long bone is the

diaphysis

Which locations in the human body contain elastic cartilage?

ear flaps, epiglottis

Which form of cartilage contains mostly elastic fibers for increased flexibility?

elastic

Which locations in the human body contain hyaline cartilage?

end of long bones, nose, ribs, larynx and trachea

What is the epiphysis of a long bone?

ends of bone

The flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the larynx is the

epiglottis

What structure prevents food from traveling down the trachea?

epiglottis

What is the main function of the urethra?

expel urine

True or false: Blood cells are considered to be filterable by the glomeruli of the kidneys.

false

True or false: Human kidneys play a limited role in overall homeostasis, mainly related to the excretion of nitrogenous wastes.

false

True or false: The medullary cavity is located in the epiphysis of a bone

false

Due to anatomical differences, bacteria can more easily invade the urinary tract of

females

Which type of cartilage contains wide rows of collagen fibers?

fibrocartilage

Following glomerular filtration, the fluid inside the glomerular capsule is called the glomerular

filtrate

Select all correct descriptions of cartilage.

gel-like, no nerves, no blood vessels

In which part of the nephron does filtration takes place?

glomerular

The first step in urine formation by nephrons is _________________ filtration.

glomerular

What is the first step of urine formation?

glomerular filtration

The knot of capillaries in a nephron where blood is filtered is called the

glomerulus

What part of a nephron does an afferent arteriole deliver blood to?

glomerulus

If uric acid levels are so high that crystals precipitate and collect in the joints, the result is a painful condition called

gout

The three types of cartilage are fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage, and _______ cartilage.

hyaline

Which form of cartilage has a glassy appearance with uniform fibers and is somewhat flexible?

hyaline cartilage

Which locations in the human body contain fibrocartilage?

knee, disks between the vertebrae

The tiny chambers in osteons that contain osteocytes are called

lacunae

The cartilaginous organ between the pharynx and the trachea, which contains the vocal cords in humans, is called the

larynx

The vocal cords are located within the cartilaginous structure called the ____________ which is also called the voice box.

larynx

Select all components of the upper respiratory tract.

larynx, nasal cavity, pharynx

Which of the following is a cord-like structure formed from fibrous connective tissue that connects bones together?

ligaments

Select the main types of connective tissues that make up the skeletal system.

ligaments, cartilage, bone

The bronchial tree, lungs, and trachea are components of the _______________________ respiratory tract.

lower

The space inside the diaphysis of a bone is the ____________ cavity.

medullary

The functional unit of the kidney, which filters the blood and produces urine, is the

nephron

Ammonium, creatinine, urea, and uric acid are what type of metabolic waste?

nitrogenous

Select all of the components of the blood that are filterable in the glomerulus.

nitrogenous wastes, salts, water

The membrane that adheres to the wall of the thoracic cavity is the

parietal pleura

The fibrous connective tissue layer covering the outside of a long bone is called the

periosteum

The portion of the respiratory system that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx is the

pharynx

Within a long bone, the region of cartilage within the metaphysis that allows for bone growth is called the epiphyseal

plate

Which of these membranes covers the lungs?

pleurae

The major function of surfactant in the lungs is to

prevent the alveoli from collapsing

The respiratory passages that lead directly from the trachea into the lungs are the left and right

primary bronchi

The function of red bone marrow is to

produce blood cells

The major function of the tonsils is to

protect against invasion of inhaled foreign antigens

The spaces of spongy bone are often filled with ___________ bone marrow, which produces blood cells.

red

The spaces in spongy bone are filled with _________________ __________________ marrow

red bone

Select all of the following that characterize the epiphysis of a long bone.

spongy bone, thin layer of hyaline cartilage, blood cell production

The main function of the urinary bladder is to

store urine

Select all correct descriptions of the urinary bladder.

stores urine, two ureters enter, one urethra exits

The substance that prevents alveoli from collapsing due to surface tension is

surfactant

The epiglottis functions during

swallowing

The fibrous connective tissue structure that connects a muscle to a bone is a

tendons

parietal pleura

thoracic cavity wall

What is the purpose of the cartilage rings in the trachea?

to prevent the trachea from collapsing

What structures form a protective ring of lymphoid tissue at the junction of the oral cavity and the pharynx?

tonsils

What are the thin plates in spongy bone?

trabeculae

During inhalation, which structure does air enter immediately after it passes through the larynx?

trachea

The main function of the ureters is to

transport urine

True or false: Each human kidney contains over one million nephrons, each of which produces urine.

true

True or false: The pharynx is also referred to as the "throat".

true

The larynx, nasal cavities, and pharynx are components of the ___________________respiratory tract.

upper

Urine passes out of a kidney and through a(n) _______________ on its way to the urinary bladder.

ureters

As urine exits the body, it passes from the urinary bladder and out via the

urethra

Gout is a painful condition that results from an accumulation of what chemical in the joints?

uric acid

Select the types of nitrogenous waste that are excreted by human kidneys.

uric acid, urea, creatinine

The cardiovascular system carries nitrogenous wastes to the kidneys, which excrete them from the body in the fluid called

urine

The membrane that covers the surface of the lung is the ____________________ pleura

visceral

Select all components of the glomerular filtrate.

water, nitrogenous wastes, nutrients, salts

How do the kidneys contribute to homeostasis?

water-salt balance, acid-base balance, metabolic waste removal