test 3
Select all correct descriptions of the male urethra.
4 cm long, it functions in both urination and reproduction, as it leaves it is encircled by the prostate gland
True or false: The medullary cavity is located in the epiphysis of a bone.
False
Select all correct statements about the trachea.
Lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, wall contains smooth muscle, has goblet cells that produce mucus
What are lacunae?
Openings or chambers in compact bone
Select all of the following that are metabolic waste products.
Urea, creatinine, ammonium, uric acid
visceral pleura
adheres to surface of lung
Although they are not part of the urinary system, the glands labeled as G in the drawing lie on top of the kidneys and are therefore called the _________ glands.
adrenal
Within the human lung, each bronchiole leads to a number of air pockets called
alveoli
Select all of the structures that are part of the lower respiratory tract.
alveoli, bronchioles, lungs, trachea
What forces filtration at the glomerular capsule?
an increase in glomerular blood pressure
The types of connective tissue in the skeletal system are ____________ , cartilage (in joints), and ligaments.
bones
The trachea attaches directly to two tubes that lead into the lungs. These tubes are called the primary
bronchi
Within the bronchial tree, which structures contain C-shaped rings of cartilage?
bronchi, trachea
Bronchi subdivide into smaller tubes that are about 1mm in diameter that lead directly to alveoli. These smaller tubes are called
bronchioles
The secondary bronchi lead air into passageways of about 1 mm in diameter called
bronchioles
The type of connective tissue that is flexible, contains numerous collagen fibers, but contains no nerves or blood vessels is called
cartilage
What is the diaphysis of a long bone?
central shaft
The periosteum of a long bone
completely covers the bone, except on the end
What does the epiglottis do during swallowing?
covers the opening into the larynx
Another term for the central shaft or main portion of a long bone is the
diaphysis
Which locations in the human body contain elastic cartilage?
ear flaps, epiglottis
Which form of cartilage contains mostly elastic fibers for increased flexibility?
elastic
Which locations in the human body contain hyaline cartilage?
end of long bones, nose, ribs, larynx and trachea
What is the epiphysis of a long bone?
ends of bone
The flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the larynx is the
epiglottis
What structure prevents food from traveling down the trachea?
epiglottis
What is the main function of the urethra?
expel urine
True or false: Blood cells are considered to be filterable by the glomeruli of the kidneys.
false
True or false: Human kidneys play a limited role in overall homeostasis, mainly related to the excretion of nitrogenous wastes.
false
True or false: The medullary cavity is located in the epiphysis of a bone
false
Due to anatomical differences, bacteria can more easily invade the urinary tract of
females
Which type of cartilage contains wide rows of collagen fibers?
fibrocartilage
Following glomerular filtration, the fluid inside the glomerular capsule is called the glomerular
filtrate
Select all correct descriptions of cartilage.
gel-like, no nerves, no blood vessels
In which part of the nephron does filtration takes place?
glomerular
The first step in urine formation by nephrons is _________________ filtration.
glomerular
What is the first step of urine formation?
glomerular filtration
The knot of capillaries in a nephron where blood is filtered is called the
glomerulus
What part of a nephron does an afferent arteriole deliver blood to?
glomerulus
If uric acid levels are so high that crystals precipitate and collect in the joints, the result is a painful condition called
gout
The three types of cartilage are fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage, and _______ cartilage.
hyaline
Which form of cartilage has a glassy appearance with uniform fibers and is somewhat flexible?
hyaline cartilage
Which locations in the human body contain fibrocartilage?
knee, disks between the vertebrae
The tiny chambers in osteons that contain osteocytes are called
lacunae
The cartilaginous organ between the pharynx and the trachea, which contains the vocal cords in humans, is called the
larynx
The vocal cords are located within the cartilaginous structure called the ____________ which is also called the voice box.
larynx
Select all components of the upper respiratory tract.
larynx, nasal cavity, pharynx
Which of the following is a cord-like structure formed from fibrous connective tissue that connects bones together?
ligaments
Select the main types of connective tissues that make up the skeletal system.
ligaments, cartilage, bone
The bronchial tree, lungs, and trachea are components of the _______________________ respiratory tract.
lower
The space inside the diaphysis of a bone is the ____________ cavity.
medullary
The functional unit of the kidney, which filters the blood and produces urine, is the
nephron
Ammonium, creatinine, urea, and uric acid are what type of metabolic waste?
nitrogenous
Select all of the components of the blood that are filterable in the glomerulus.
nitrogenous wastes, salts, water
The membrane that adheres to the wall of the thoracic cavity is the
parietal pleura
The fibrous connective tissue layer covering the outside of a long bone is called the
periosteum
The portion of the respiratory system that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx is the
pharynx
Within a long bone, the region of cartilage within the metaphysis that allows for bone growth is called the epiphyseal
plate
Which of these membranes covers the lungs?
pleurae
The major function of surfactant in the lungs is to
prevent the alveoli from collapsing
The respiratory passages that lead directly from the trachea into the lungs are the left and right
primary bronchi
The function of red bone marrow is to
produce blood cells
The major function of the tonsils is to
protect against invasion of inhaled foreign antigens
The spaces of spongy bone are often filled with ___________ bone marrow, which produces blood cells.
red
The spaces in spongy bone are filled with _________________ __________________ marrow
red bone
Select all of the following that characterize the epiphysis of a long bone.
spongy bone, thin layer of hyaline cartilage, blood cell production
The main function of the urinary bladder is to
store urine
Select all correct descriptions of the urinary bladder.
stores urine, two ureters enter, one urethra exits
The substance that prevents alveoli from collapsing due to surface tension is
surfactant
The epiglottis functions during
swallowing
The fibrous connective tissue structure that connects a muscle to a bone is a
tendons
parietal pleura
thoracic cavity wall
What is the purpose of the cartilage rings in the trachea?
to prevent the trachea from collapsing
What structures form a protective ring of lymphoid tissue at the junction of the oral cavity and the pharynx?
tonsils
What are the thin plates in spongy bone?
trabeculae
During inhalation, which structure does air enter immediately after it passes through the larynx?
trachea
The main function of the ureters is to
transport urine
True or false: Each human kidney contains over one million nephrons, each of which produces urine.
true
True or false: The pharynx is also referred to as the "throat".
true
The larynx, nasal cavities, and pharynx are components of the ___________________respiratory tract.
upper
Urine passes out of a kidney and through a(n) _______________ on its way to the urinary bladder.
ureters
As urine exits the body, it passes from the urinary bladder and out via the
urethra
Gout is a painful condition that results from an accumulation of what chemical in the joints?
uric acid
Select the types of nitrogenous waste that are excreted by human kidneys.
uric acid, urea, creatinine
The cardiovascular system carries nitrogenous wastes to the kidneys, which excrete them from the body in the fluid called
urine
The membrane that covers the surface of the lung is the ____________________ pleura
visceral
Select all components of the glomerular filtrate.
water, nitrogenous wastes, nutrients, salts
How do the kidneys contribute to homeostasis?
water-salt balance, acid-base balance, metabolic waste removal