Test #3 kin 300
The ____ vertebrae serve as a link between the thoracic spine cage and the head
Cervical
Nearly all movement of the spinal column takes place within the two supportive structures known as ___ and ___
Cervical and lumbar
Which of the following is correct regarding the patellofemoral joint?
Classified as arthriodial type joint
During the squat the hip flexors are strengthened by
Concentric contraction
The abdominal curl up strengthens the abdominal muscles through?
Concentric contractions
The Q angle is usually ___ or less for males and ___ or less for females
15 and 20
Muscles that flex the knee include all of the following except?
Anything that isn't a quad muscle/ synergistic muscle
Which of the following is not true regarding strength and endurance being essential for maintenance of patellofemoral stability
Are often not a problem
Most of the rotation within the cervical region occurs in the joint between
Atlantoaxial, C1/C2
Which of the following muscles externally rotates the knee?
Biceps Femoris
Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the abdominal muscles?
Both above choices are correct
The femoral nerve innervates all of the following muscles except?
DOES: All quad muscles, sartorius, pectineus
Which of the following is not true regarding menisci in the knee joint?
Decrease stability
Which of the following muscles actions is performed during the lowering phase of the "hip sled" exercise?
Dorsiflexion
The deadlift strengthens the knee extensors through
Eccentric contractions during lifting
Which of the following muscles is not strengthened to any substantial degree by abdominal curl ups without rotation to the right and left?
Erector Spinae
Which of the following muscles is not strengthened to any substantial degree by sit ups?
Erector Spinae
Extreme extension of the spine would be prevented in part by the spinous process
Extension
Which of the following muscles actions is performed during the pushing phase of "hip sled" exercise?
Extension
Of the four abdominal muscles, which is a prime mover in lateral pelvic rotation from a hanging overhead by the hands position?
External/ internal oblique
All of the erector spinae muscles run horizontally parallel to the spinal columns
False
An individual will develop adequate Muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility through participation in sports activities.
False
During the arm pull/leg push phase of the rowing exercise the knee joint performs flexion
False
During the return phase of rowing exercise the wrist and hand joints perform extension
False
Eccentric actions occur when muscles lengthen under tension to control the joints moving with gravity or resistance
False
It is not necessary to analyze each individual's exercise and skill technique in order to specifically design an exercise program to meet his or her needs
False
Kyphosis is increased posterior concavity of thoracic curve of the vertebral column
False
Most of the movement that occurs in the spinal column occurs in the cervical and thoracic regions of the spine
False
Muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility are general body characteristics that are not specific to each body area and muscle group
False
Sit ups are an excellent exercise for strengthening the erector spinae muscles
False
The abdominal curl up does not strengthen the internal and external oblique abdominals unless trunk rotation is included
False
The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are located on the outermost anterior and posterior surfaces of the knee joint
False
The hamstring muscles function as a decelerator of the knee when decreasing speed to change direction and especially when landing from a jump
False
The lateral collateral ligament is more frequently injured than other knee joint ligaments
False
The patella is classified as an "irregular" bone because it is embedded in the patellar tendon
False
The posterior portion of the trunk contains the abdominal muscles
False
The quadriceps muscles perform eccentric contractions during acceleration actions
False
The semitendinosus is located laterally and internally rotates the knee
False
The spinous process are located anterior with respect to the vertebral bodies
False
When performing a "squat" exercise the hip is extended during the lowering phase
False
The vertebral column has 32 pairs of spinal nerves
False, 31
Six pairs of ribs attach directly to the sternum via a separate costal cartilage
False, 7
The quadriceps muscle group functions as a decelerator to knee joint flexion in weight bearing movements by contracting concentrically to prevent too rapid of a downward movement
False, eccentric
The popliteus originates on the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle
False, lateral condyle
The horizontal indentations that transect the rectus abdominis, giving it a segmented appearance is the linea alba
False, tendinous incriptions
Which of the following actions is performed during the arm pull/leg push phase of the rowing exercise?
Flexion
Which of the following actions is performed during the return phase of rowing exercise?
Flexion
The alternating prone extension strengthens the trunk extensions through
Flexion, trunk and cervical spine extension eccentric movement
All of the following are key bony landmarks of the knee joint except?
Gerdys condyle
Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of trunk extension when performing alternating prone extension exercise?
Gluteus Maximus
Which of the following muscles is not activated during the hip flexion portion of an isometric "leg lifter" exercise?
Gluteus maximus
From medial to lateral the erector spinae muscles are the
Iliocostalis, longissimus, and spirilus
Which of the following muscles would be most effective in performing anterior pelvic tilt rotation?
Ilipsoas
Which of the following statements is correct regarding trunk movement at the lumbar spine?
Is known as lumbar flexion, pelvic girdle rotates as a unit due to movement occurring in hip and lumbar spine
Which of the following is not considered to be a large abdominal muscle?
Lateral Abdominis
Which of the following muscles would not be concentrically active when attempting to place the right ear on the right shoulder while lying on the right side?
Left Sternocleidmastoid
Increase posterior concavity of the cervical spine is known as
Lordosis
The ____ vertebrae serve as a link between the pelvic girdle and the thoracic spine rib cage
Lumbar
Which of the following is true regarding the medial collateral ligament?
Maintain stability by resisting valgus forces, preventing knee from dislocating
Which of the following is not considered very important in skillful performance of physical activity and body maintenance from a kinesiological perspective?
Power
Which of the following is not true regarding the hamstring muscle group?
Provides static stability to the knee joint
During the lifting phase of a deadlift exercise the agonist muscles of the wrist and hand include all of the following except?
Quadratus lomborum
In performing lateral flexion against gravity such as in a lateral sit up, which of the following muscles would be least effective?
Rectus Abdominis
Which of the following muscles does not perform hip extension during the lifting phase of a "squat" exercise?
Rectus Femoris
Which of the following is not true regarding the bursae of the knee?
Bursae are comprised of fatty tissue
Which of the following muscles contract concentrically to cause extension of the head, right cervical rotation and right cervical lateral flexion?
Right Splenius Capitis
During the lowering phase of the deadlift exercise the agonist muscles of the knee include all of the following except ?
Semimbranosus
Which of the following muscles internally rotates the knee?
Semimembranosus, Semitendinous, Poplietus
Which of the following muscles is not activated during an isometric abdominal exercise?
Serratus anterior
Which of the following is not correct regarding the knee joint proper?
Sometimes referred to as ginglymus
The trunk is composed of
Thoracic spine, rib cage, and pelvic girdle
Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of shoulder flexion when performing alternating prone extension exercise?
Triceps Brachii
A deadlift is divided into two phases
True
A sideway deviation to the spine is known as scoliosis
True
A substantial number of lower back problems are caused by improper use of the back over time
True
All three of the quadriceps originate on the proximal femur and insert on the patellar superior pole
True
Articular cartilage is located on the surfaces of both the femur and the tibia
True
As the knee approaches full extension the tibia must externally rotate approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment of the tibial and femoral condyles
True
Compared to an untrained person, a well trained person will see relatively minor improvements in the amount of weight that can be lifted over the same period of time
True
Concentric muscle actions are the shortening contractions of muscles against gravity or resistance
True
During the return phase of the rowing exercise the hip joint performs flexion
True
Each thoracic vertebrae has one pair of ribs that attaches to it laterally
True
Functions of the abdominal muscles include assisting in spinal stabilization and respiration
True
Increase pressure on the spinal nerves may result from a herniated lumbar disc and result in radiating pain, tingling, numbness and weakness in the lower extremity.
True
Many types of back pain and other physical ailments can be avoided through proper maintenance of the musculoskeletal system
True
Muscles may shorten or lengthen in the absence of a contraction through passive movements caused by other contracting muscles
True
Reduction of the spine is defined as a return movement from lateral flexion to a neutral position
True
Spinal flexion is defined as anterior movements of the spine where the head moves toward the chest and the thorax moves towards the pelvis
True
Tears in the menisci can occur due both to compression and shear forces during rotation while flexing or extending during quick directional changes in running
True
The SAID principle indicates that strength gains beyond the range of motion utilized in the training are usually minimal
True
The abdominal curl up strengthens the hip flexors
True
The alternating prone extension exercise can be broken down into two separate phases
True
The biceps femoris inserts primarily on the head of the fibula
True
The diaphragm depresses and draws the central tendon forward during exhalation
True
The erector spinae iliocostalis are considered to be agonist muscles during extension of the spine
True
The femoral condyles articulate with the fibular condyles during flexion of the knee
True
The fibula is not part of the ginglymus articulation of the knee joint
True
The gastrocnemius and soleus are strengthened in the lowering phase of the squat due to their eccentric contractions
True
The iliotibial tract of the tensor fasciae latae inserts on Gerdy's condyle
True
The knee joint can extend to 180 degrees normally although some individuals can extend slightly further
True
The knee joint is the largest in the body
True
The lateral collateral ligament originates on the lateral femoral condyle distally to popliteus origin and inserts on the fibular head
True
The lateral fibula serves as the attachment for knee joint structures but does not articulate with the femur or patella
True
The location of the erector spinae muscles enables them to extend spine and assist in rotation and lateral flexion
True
The medial collateral ligament originates on the medial aspect of upper medial femoral condyle and inserts on medial tibial surface
True
The normal curves of the cervical and lumbar spine are lordotic
True
The patella serves as a pulley by improving the angle of pull with the result being a greater mechanical advantage for the quadriceps during knee extension
True
The pelvic girdle rotates as a unit due to movement occurring in the hip and lumbar spine
True
The rectus abdominis muscle can control the tilt of the pelvis when contracting
True
The rowing exercise is a closed kinetic chain exercise
True
The sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinousus all insert just below the medial condyle on upper anteromedial tibial surface
True
The semimembranosus inserts anteromedially on the medial tibial condyle
True
The semimembranosus is located posteromedially and internally rotates the knee
True
The specific needs of each individual must be specifically addressed when designing an exercise program
True
The tibia bears the majority of the weight as compared to the fibula
True
The vertebral column is composed of 24 articulating vertebrae
True
Vertebrae increase in size from cervical to lumbar region because the lower back supports more weight
True
When using free weights for strength training it is important to ensure that one group of muscles is not overdeveloped and another is not under developed
True
the deadlift is a closed kinetic chain exercise
True
the linea alba runs vertically from the xiphoid process through the umbilicus to the pubis and divides the rectus abdominis
True
Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of hip extensions when performing alternating prone extension exercise?
Vastus Medialis
Which of the following is not considered to be one of the quadriceps muscle groups
Vastus Medius
During the lifting phase of the deadlift exercise the agonist muscles of the hip include all of the following except?
Vastus medialis
Which of the following statements is true regarding the action of the quadriceps muscle group during squatting?
When descent is the same speed as gravity no muscular force is exerted
Which of the following is not true regarding the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis?
You can feel all of the muscles except the vastus intermedius
In the alternating prone extension exercise hip extensors contract
concentrically during lifting phase
When performing the up portion of the sit up with rotation to the left which of the following muscles are utilized the most?
external obliques? transverse abdominis?
The rectus femoris is more powerful in extending the knee when the hip is in
flexion
The movement that occurs between the superior and inferior articular processes of the vertebral facet joints is characterized as
gliding
The external oblique abdominal inserts on the
half of the ilium
The squat and deadlift are similar in that they both strengthen the
hip extensors
The internal oblique abdominal inserts on the
linea alba, pectineal line, rib
The pes anserinus tendinous expansion is comprised from the
sartorius, gracilis, semitendinous
the only uniarticular knee flexor is the
vastus medialis
In basketball and soccer injury to the __ occurs much more commonly to females than males
ACL
The most common serious knee ligament injury involves the
ACL
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the diaphragm muscle
All are correct
The primary movers in the cervical spine extension (against resistance) are the
Spinalis
The ____ process can be palpated on a posterior surface of the spine when it is flexed.
Spinous
All of the following muscles are open chain exercises except for?
Squats
Which of the following is not a phase of sit up exercise?
Start phase
Which of the following muscles contract concentrically to cause cervical flexion, left cervical rotation and right cervical lateral flexion?
Sternocleidomastoid
Which of the following statements is not true regarding the bent knee sit up exercise?
Strength of the erector spinae muscles are benefited significantly
The vastus lateralis provides a ___ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically
Superolateral
The vastus medialis provides a ___ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically
Superomedial