Test #3 kin 300

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The ____ vertebrae serve as a link between the thoracic spine cage and the head

Cervical

Nearly all movement of the spinal column takes place within the two supportive structures known as ___ and ___

Cervical and lumbar

Which of the following is correct regarding the patellofemoral joint?

Classified as arthriodial type joint

During the squat the hip flexors are strengthened by

Concentric contraction

The abdominal curl up strengthens the abdominal muscles through?

Concentric contractions

The Q angle is usually ___ or less for males and ___ or less for females

15 and 20

Muscles that flex the knee include all of the following except?

Anything that isn't a quad muscle/ synergistic muscle

Which of the following is not true regarding strength and endurance being essential for maintenance of patellofemoral stability

Are often not a problem

Most of the rotation within the cervical region occurs in the joint between

Atlantoaxial, C1/C2

Which of the following muscles externally rotates the knee?

Biceps Femoris

Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the abdominal muscles?

Both above choices are correct

The femoral nerve innervates all of the following muscles except?

DOES: All quad muscles, sartorius, pectineus

Which of the following is not true regarding menisci in the knee joint?

Decrease stability

Which of the following muscles actions is performed during the lowering phase of the "hip sled" exercise?

Dorsiflexion

The deadlift strengthens the knee extensors through

Eccentric contractions during lifting

Which of the following muscles is not strengthened to any substantial degree by abdominal curl ups without rotation to the right and left?

Erector Spinae

Which of the following muscles is not strengthened to any substantial degree by sit ups?

Erector Spinae

Extreme extension of the spine would be prevented in part by the spinous process

Extension

Which of the following muscles actions is performed during the pushing phase of "hip sled" exercise?

Extension

Of the four abdominal muscles, which is a prime mover in lateral pelvic rotation from a hanging overhead by the hands position?

External/ internal oblique

All of the erector spinae muscles run horizontally parallel to the spinal columns

False

An individual will develop adequate Muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility through participation in sports activities.

False

During the arm pull/leg push phase of the rowing exercise the knee joint performs flexion

False

During the return phase of rowing exercise the wrist and hand joints perform extension

False

Eccentric actions occur when muscles lengthen under tension to control the joints moving with gravity or resistance

False

It is not necessary to analyze each individual's exercise and skill technique in order to specifically design an exercise program to meet his or her needs

False

Kyphosis is increased posterior concavity of thoracic curve of the vertebral column

False

Most of the movement that occurs in the spinal column occurs in the cervical and thoracic regions of the spine

False

Muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility are general body characteristics that are not specific to each body area and muscle group

False

Sit ups are an excellent exercise for strengthening the erector spinae muscles

False

The abdominal curl up does not strengthen the internal and external oblique abdominals unless trunk rotation is included

False

The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are located on the outermost anterior and posterior surfaces of the knee joint

False

The hamstring muscles function as a decelerator of the knee when decreasing speed to change direction and especially when landing from a jump

False

The lateral collateral ligament is more frequently injured than other knee joint ligaments

False

The patella is classified as an "irregular" bone because it is embedded in the patellar tendon

False

The posterior portion of the trunk contains the abdominal muscles

False

The quadriceps muscles perform eccentric contractions during acceleration actions

False

The semitendinosus is located laterally and internally rotates the knee

False

The spinous process are located anterior with respect to the vertebral bodies

False

When performing a "squat" exercise the hip is extended during the lowering phase

False

The vertebral column has 32 pairs of spinal nerves

False, 31

Six pairs of ribs attach directly to the sternum via a separate costal cartilage

False, 7

The quadriceps muscle group functions as a decelerator to knee joint flexion in weight bearing movements by contracting concentrically to prevent too rapid of a downward movement

False, eccentric

The popliteus originates on the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle

False, lateral condyle

The horizontal indentations that transect the rectus abdominis, giving it a segmented appearance is the linea alba

False, tendinous incriptions

Which of the following actions is performed during the arm pull/leg push phase of the rowing exercise?

Flexion

Which of the following actions is performed during the return phase of rowing exercise?

Flexion

The alternating prone extension strengthens the trunk extensions through

Flexion, trunk and cervical spine extension eccentric movement

All of the following are key bony landmarks of the knee joint except?

Gerdys condyle

Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of trunk extension when performing alternating prone extension exercise?

Gluteus Maximus

Which of the following muscles is not activated during the hip flexion portion of an isometric "leg lifter" exercise?

Gluteus maximus

From medial to lateral the erector spinae muscles are the

Iliocostalis, longissimus, and spirilus

Which of the following muscles would be most effective in performing anterior pelvic tilt rotation?

Ilipsoas

Which of the following statements is correct regarding trunk movement at the lumbar spine?

Is known as lumbar flexion, pelvic girdle rotates as a unit due to movement occurring in hip and lumbar spine

Which of the following is not considered to be a large abdominal muscle?

Lateral Abdominis

Which of the following muscles would not be concentrically active when attempting to place the right ear on the right shoulder while lying on the right side?

Left Sternocleidmastoid

Increase posterior concavity of the cervical spine is known as

Lordosis

The ____ vertebrae serve as a link between the pelvic girdle and the thoracic spine rib cage

Lumbar

Which of the following is true regarding the medial collateral ligament?

Maintain stability by resisting valgus forces, preventing knee from dislocating

Which of the following is not considered very important in skillful performance of physical activity and body maintenance from a kinesiological perspective?

Power

Which of the following is not true regarding the hamstring muscle group?

Provides static stability to the knee joint

During the lifting phase of a deadlift exercise the agonist muscles of the wrist and hand include all of the following except?

Quadratus lomborum

In performing lateral flexion against gravity such as in a lateral sit up, which of the following muscles would be least effective?

Rectus Abdominis

Which of the following muscles does not perform hip extension during the lifting phase of a "squat" exercise?

Rectus Femoris

Which of the following is not true regarding the bursae of the knee?

Bursae are comprised of fatty tissue

Which of the following muscles contract concentrically to cause extension of the head, right cervical rotation and right cervical lateral flexion?

Right Splenius Capitis

During the lowering phase of the deadlift exercise the agonist muscles of the knee include all of the following except ?

Semimbranosus

Which of the following muscles internally rotates the knee?

Semimembranosus, Semitendinous, Poplietus

Which of the following muscles is not activated during an isometric abdominal exercise?

Serratus anterior

Which of the following is not correct regarding the knee joint proper?

Sometimes referred to as ginglymus

The trunk is composed of

Thoracic spine, rib cage, and pelvic girdle

Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of shoulder flexion when performing alternating prone extension exercise?

Triceps Brachii

A deadlift is divided into two phases

True

A sideway deviation to the spine is known as scoliosis

True

A substantial number of lower back problems are caused by improper use of the back over time

True

All three of the quadriceps originate on the proximal femur and insert on the patellar superior pole

True

Articular cartilage is located on the surfaces of both the femur and the tibia

True

As the knee approaches full extension the tibia must externally rotate approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment of the tibial and femoral condyles

True

Compared to an untrained person, a well trained person will see relatively minor improvements in the amount of weight that can be lifted over the same period of time

True

Concentric muscle actions are the shortening contractions of muscles against gravity or resistance

True

During the return phase of the rowing exercise the hip joint performs flexion

True

Each thoracic vertebrae has one pair of ribs that attaches to it laterally

True

Functions of the abdominal muscles include assisting in spinal stabilization and respiration

True

Increase pressure on the spinal nerves may result from a herniated lumbar disc and result in radiating pain, tingling, numbness and weakness in the lower extremity.

True

Many types of back pain and other physical ailments can be avoided through proper maintenance of the musculoskeletal system

True

Muscles may shorten or lengthen in the absence of a contraction through passive movements caused by other contracting muscles

True

Reduction of the spine is defined as a return movement from lateral flexion to a neutral position

True

Spinal flexion is defined as anterior movements of the spine where the head moves toward the chest and the thorax moves towards the pelvis

True

Tears in the menisci can occur due both to compression and shear forces during rotation while flexing or extending during quick directional changes in running

True

The SAID principle indicates that strength gains beyond the range of motion utilized in the training are usually minimal

True

The abdominal curl up strengthens the hip flexors

True

The alternating prone extension exercise can be broken down into two separate phases

True

The biceps femoris inserts primarily on the head of the fibula

True

The diaphragm depresses and draws the central tendon forward during exhalation

True

The erector spinae iliocostalis are considered to be agonist muscles during extension of the spine

True

The femoral condyles articulate with the fibular condyles during flexion of the knee

True

The fibula is not part of the ginglymus articulation of the knee joint

True

The gastrocnemius and soleus are strengthened in the lowering phase of the squat due to their eccentric contractions

True

The iliotibial tract of the tensor fasciae latae inserts on Gerdy's condyle

True

The knee joint can extend to 180 degrees normally although some individuals can extend slightly further

True

The knee joint is the largest in the body

True

The lateral collateral ligament originates on the lateral femoral condyle distally to popliteus origin and inserts on the fibular head

True

The lateral fibula serves as the attachment for knee joint structures but does not articulate with the femur or patella

True

The location of the erector spinae muscles enables them to extend spine and assist in rotation and lateral flexion

True

The medial collateral ligament originates on the medial aspect of upper medial femoral condyle and inserts on medial tibial surface

True

The normal curves of the cervical and lumbar spine are lordotic

True

The patella serves as a pulley by improving the angle of pull with the result being a greater mechanical advantage for the quadriceps during knee extension

True

The pelvic girdle rotates as a unit due to movement occurring in the hip and lumbar spine

True

The rectus abdominis muscle can control the tilt of the pelvis when contracting

True

The rowing exercise is a closed kinetic chain exercise

True

The sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinousus all insert just below the medial condyle on upper anteromedial tibial surface

True

The semimembranosus inserts anteromedially on the medial tibial condyle

True

The semimembranosus is located posteromedially and internally rotates the knee

True

The specific needs of each individual must be specifically addressed when designing an exercise program

True

The tibia bears the majority of the weight as compared to the fibula

True

The vertebral column is composed of 24 articulating vertebrae

True

Vertebrae increase in size from cervical to lumbar region because the lower back supports more weight

True

When using free weights for strength training it is important to ensure that one group of muscles is not overdeveloped and another is not under developed

True

the deadlift is a closed kinetic chain exercise

True

the linea alba runs vertically from the xiphoid process through the umbilicus to the pubis and divides the rectus abdominis

True

Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of hip extensions when performing alternating prone extension exercise?

Vastus Medialis

Which of the following is not considered to be one of the quadriceps muscle groups

Vastus Medius

During the lifting phase of the deadlift exercise the agonist muscles of the hip include all of the following except?

Vastus medialis

Which of the following statements is true regarding the action of the quadriceps muscle group during squatting?

When descent is the same speed as gravity no muscular force is exerted

Which of the following is not true regarding the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis?

You can feel all of the muscles except the vastus intermedius

In the alternating prone extension exercise hip extensors contract

concentrically during lifting phase

When performing the up portion of the sit up with rotation to the left which of the following muscles are utilized the most?

external obliques? transverse abdominis?

The rectus femoris is more powerful in extending the knee when the hip is in

flexion

The movement that occurs between the superior and inferior articular processes of the vertebral facet joints is characterized as

gliding

The external oblique abdominal inserts on the

half of the ilium

The squat and deadlift are similar in that they both strengthen the

hip extensors

The internal oblique abdominal inserts on the

linea alba, pectineal line, rib

The pes anserinus tendinous expansion is comprised from the

sartorius, gracilis, semitendinous

the only uniarticular knee flexor is the

vastus medialis

In basketball and soccer injury to the __ occurs much more commonly to females than males

ACL

The most common serious knee ligament injury involves the

ACL

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the diaphragm muscle

All are correct

The primary movers in the cervical spine extension (against resistance) are the

Spinalis

The ____ process can be palpated on a posterior surface of the spine when it is flexed.

Spinous

All of the following muscles are open chain exercises except for?

Squats

Which of the following is not a phase of sit up exercise?

Start phase

Which of the following muscles contract concentrically to cause cervical flexion, left cervical rotation and right cervical lateral flexion?

Sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the bent knee sit up exercise?

Strength of the erector spinae muscles are benefited significantly

The vastus lateralis provides a ___ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically

Superolateral

The vastus medialis provides a ___ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically

Superomedial


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