Test 3 PSC
Some ____ rock is formed from mineral that were once dissolved in water.
Sedimentary
groundwater is defined as
a water that resides in the saturation zone
convergent boundaries are
all of the above
earth liquid and solid layers were discovered by studying the propagation of seismic waves through earth interior. P wave____;S-Waves_____
all of the above
how can rock responds to stress
all of these
water precipitated over land completes its cycle as it
all the Above
Magma that solidfies before reaching earth surface is called
all the above
rocks can begin to melt if
all the above
magnetic surveys of the ocean floors reveal
alternating strips of normal and reversed polarity parraeling the mid-atlantic ridge
organism found in the ocean trenches
are earth deepest dwellers
the upper mantle can be divided into two zones, the
asthenosphere in the lower upper mantle and part of the lithosphere in the upper part of the upper mantle
where could you find an accretionary wedge in the ocean
at an aactive margin
the ocean crust
becomes progressively older away from the mid-ocean ridges
the water cycle includes in the
both a and b
when subsurface ground material is completly saturated with water, we call it
both b and c
coal is composed of
buried animal materai that has partially decayed
A mineral that is not a silicate is
calcite
Shield volcanoes are made of
cinders
the property of a mineral to break along planes of weakness is referred to as
cleavage
which of the following is not a characteristic of quatz
commonly occurs in six- sided crystals
the mantle can be separtrated into two different porttions- the lower mantle and the upper mantle. the lower mantle
completly solid due to extreme presussre that prevents rocks from melting
contact metamorphic rocks are typically not foliated because
contact metamorhism occurs from heat and not from deformation due to stress
an "Ice Sheet" is also known a(n)
continental glacier
all minerals are
crystals
in what reservior does water reside for the longest time
deep groundwater
what part of the water cycle requires direct input of solar energy?
evaporation
earth magnetic field is attributed the
flow of the molten fluid in earth outer core
convection is a
form of heat transfer restricted to Earth's interior
rocks are grouped into three classes depending on the rock was
formed
the rock that has undergone the greatest extent of metamorphic change is
gneiss
river collect water from runoff and
groundwater
moh's scale is defined on the basis of minerals that have differrent
hardness
ocean are about four times as deep as mountains are high. at the bottom of the ocean are
huge towering mountains, deep valleys, and deep ocean trenches near the continental boundaries.
where does most rainfall on earth finally end up before becoming rain again
in the oceans
why is groundwater in aquifer a nonrenewable resouce
it can take thousands of year for rainwater to percolate downward to recharge the aquifer
How does the ocean change with increasing depth?
it get darker and warmer, pressure decrease and contains fewer organism.
if the rock particles in a sedimentary rock are relatively small and if the grains are well sorted and well rounded, we can infer that the sediment grains traveled a
long distance for a long time
motion P-waves is
longitudinal
the minerals to crystallize are those with the
lower melting point
alfred wegner supported his theory of continental drift by
making a connection between the rocks, rock structures, and plant and animal fossils found in both Africa and South America.
a sedimentary rock can turn into an igneous by
melting and cooling
Rock Altered by heat and pressure beneath earth surface are
metamorphic rocks
the high concentration of iriduim at the cretaceous tertiary boundary may be attributable to
meteorite bombardment
color is not a reliable means for mineral identification because
mineral come in a variety of color, and chemical impurirties in the minierals can affect color
a polymorph can be defined as
mineral that have the same chemical formula and crystal strutcure, but exhibit different physical properties
because S-waves do not travel through earth outer core, scintist inferred that the outer core is
molten liquid
the three kinds of plates convergence are
oceanic- oceanic, continental- oceanic, and continental-continental
the two most common igneous rocks are basalt and granite. Basalt is commonly found
on both the ocean floor and continetal land; only on the continents
if a body is full or partially submerged in a fluid, a bouyant force directed upward depends
on the movement of the fluid directed towards the body
secondary waves can travel through all areas of the earth excepts the
outer core
the theory of seafloor spreading is supported by
paleomagnetic analysis of the ocean's floor.
We can say that earth crust floats on the mantle because
part of the mantle is hot enough to flow as a plastic solid
most of earth seimic activity, volcanism and mountains formation occur along
plate boundaries
the difference between point pollution and non pollution is that
point pollution has a clear source
most of earth water is located in
polar ice caps and glaciers
rocks with an imprint of earth magnetic code contain
polarity, latitdude of origin and the direction of the magnetic pole at the time of formation
continental crust is very bouyant compared with oceanic crust because continental crust
predominantly composed of granitic rocks, whereas oceanic crust is composed of basaltic rocks.
The Inner core is solid because
pressure from the weight of the surrounding layers prevent the inner core from melting
the fastest seismic wave is a
primary wave
the layered appearance of foliated metamorphic rocks is due
realignments of minerals so that are perpendicular to compressive forces
when rock is subjected to compressive force, it may fault. if rocks in the hanging wall are pushed up over rocks in the footwall, it is called a
reverse fault
the poorest absorber of water is
rocky surfaces with no soil layer
the salinty of seawater remains constant because
salts are removed from seawater about as fast as they are deposited
the majority of surface rocks are
sedmentary
minerals that have strong bonds between flat crystal surface tend to
show poor clevage
water in the unsatrated zone is called
soil moisture
the driving force of our planet hydrologic cycle comes from
solar energy
the mantle is composed of
solid rock
Why is the solution to pollution not always dilutions?
some pollutant are toxic at such low concentration that they cannot be practically diluted
the outer core
spins,which earth magintic field
what kind of force act on the crust at divergent boundaries?
tensional forces that strech the crust and generate a spreading center
where does surface runoff from the Appalachian mountains eventually go?
the Atlantic ocean
the lithosphere includes
the crust and the upper part of the mantle
the theory of plate tectonics states that
the lithosphere is broken up into plates that move about as a results of convective motion in the asthenosphere
which plate subducts when oceanic and continental plates meet and why?
the oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate becuase the continetal plate is most dense
where are most of the volcanoes on earth located
the ring of fire
the velocity of a seismic wave depends on
the type of material it travel
P-Waves Refracts at the boundary between inner and outer core because
they lose speed
in a well aquifer. what is the highest level water can rise to if there is no pump?
to the level of the water table
the occurrence of earthquakes in the absence of seafloor spreading, oceanic trenches, or volcanic activity is a characteristic feature of
transform fault boundaries between plates
body waves
travel through earth interior following an earthquake
A section of crust is pushed up from below creating a dome-like mountain. what kind of mountain is this
upward mountains
the balance of gravitational and bouyant force acting on the crust determine its
vertical position.
a rocks permeabilty can be decribed by its
water- transmitting capability
the physical property of the cleavage, tendency of certain meinerals to split along certain planar surface, is conspicious in
Mica
what percentage of earth water is fresh water
3%
why is clay poor soil
All of the Above
a community organization forms to protect the yuba river watershed. what is the yuba river watershed
Area o land that feature streams that flow into the yuba river
which of the following properties most clearly reflects the internal arrangement of atoms in a crystalline materiel?
Cleavage
metamorphism caused by the close proximity of a magma source is called
Contact metamorphism
the property many metamophic rocks exhibit by flat or elongated mineral grains in parallel layers
Foliation
seismic waves are classified as body waves and surface waves. an example of a body wave is a
P-wave
why are plate boundaries the sites of most geologic activity?
Plates interact with one another at their boundaries.
which waves indicates the most extensive shadow? Why
S waves - Because they cannot travel through liquid outer core
the basic building block of all silicate mineral is the
Silicate Tetrahedron