Test 4

5. On an individual basis, the average dollar amount for each shoplifting incident is roughly A. $61.00. B. $75.00. C. $95.00. D. $133.00.

A. $61.00.

10. In a national sample of over 6,000 households, Straus and Gelles found that about _____ of every _____ couples experience(s) at least one physical assault during the year. A. 1, 6 B. 1, 4 C. 2, 5 D. 2, 6

A. 1, 6

5. _________ is the use of material, nonpublic, financial information to obtain an unfair advantage in trading securities. A. Insider trading B. Churning C. Stock manipulation D. Burning

A. Insider trading

6. In response to the increasing problem of art theft, the Federal Bureau of Investigation created the A. National Stolen Art File. B. American Stolen Art File. C. National File of Stolen Art. D. American File of Stolen Art.

A. National Stolen Art File.

17. Which of the following has been used to assert some governmental control over organized crime? A. Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) B. Project Headstart C. Project Exile D. none of these

A. Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)

16. _____________ is a property as well as a violent crime, a combination of the motive for economic gain and the violent nature is what makes it so serious. A. Robbery B. Theft C. Burglary D. Felony murder

A. Robbery

1. Our common law definition of larceny is virtually identical with the concept in A. Roman law. B. French law. C. German law. D. Greek law.

A. Roman law.

1. The _________, passed by Congress in 1890, authorized the prosecution of corporations engaged in monopolistic practices. A. Sherman Antitrust Act B. Congressional Antitrust Act C. Sarbanes-Oxley Act D. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

A. Sherman Antitrust Act

13. _________ is a chronic lung disease that leads to certain death. A. Silicosis B. Black lung disease C. Rock dust disease D. Hawk's Nest disease

A. Silicosis

16. Following the ratification of the _________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the voting age was lowered to 18 years, and many states also lowered their minimum-age requirement for the purchase and sale of alcoholic beverages. A. Twenty-sixth B. Twenty-third C. Eighteenth D. Sixteenth

A. Twenty-sixth

5. In the 1980s _________ constituted the United States' major drug problem. A. cocaine B. morphine C. heroin D. marijuana

A. cocaine

11. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the government of Bolivia was completely corrupt from the drug trade, as evidenced by the minister of justice being referred to as the A. minister of cocaine. B. minister of marijuana. C. minister of the opium poppies. D. minister of heroin.

A. minister of cocaine.

1. During the Civil War, what drug addiction among veterans became known as the "soldier's disease"? A. morphine B. marijuana C. alcohol D. cocaine

A. morphine

1. At common law, _____________ was defined as the intentional killing of another person with malice aforethought. A. murder B. voluntary manslaughter C. involuntary manslaughter D. negligent manslaughter

A. murder

10. Carjacking is considered to be a combination of motor vehicle theft and A. robbery. B. burglary. C. insurance fraud. D. larceny.

A. robbery.

17. Which of the following is not one of the federal conspiracy laws that covers corporate misconduct? A. the Federal Sugar Trust Act B. the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act C. the Federal Corrupt Practices Act D. the Federal Election Campaign Act

A. the Federal Sugar Trust Act

9. Which of the following scams involves a profitable corporation that is well positioned in the market but is forced into bankruptcy after new owners have bilked the corporation of all of its money and assets? A. the successful-business scam B. the corporate pirate scam C. the old-company scam D. the new-company scam

A. the successful-business scam

7. Coramae Mann has found that although black women make up 11 percent of the female population in the United States, they are arrested for _____________ of all homicides committed by females. A. three-fourths B. one-half C. one-third D. one-fourth

A. three-fourths

2. It was not until the ______ that the abuse of marijuana began to arouse public concern. A. 1920s B. 1930s C. 1940s D. 1950s

B. 1930s

18. When did Congress pass the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)? A. 1965 B. 1969 C. 1972 D. 1986

B. 1969

4. The American murder rate reached its peak in ________ and has been declining erratically since then. A. 1970 B. 1980 C. 1985 D. 1992

B. 1980

19. Current estimates indicate there are about ________ firearms in circulation in the United States. A. 100 million B. 200 million C. 10 million D. 5 million

B. 200 million

20. As long ago as the late 1940s and the early 1950s the pioneering Kinsey reports provided evidence about the enormous gap between the goals of law and actual behavior. According to these studies, of the total white male population in the United States, ______ percent had some experience with prostitutes. A. 75 B. 69 C. 55 D. 37

B. 69

12. The first drug court was established in _________ in 1989. A. Atlanta, Georgia, B. Dade County, Florida, C. Los Angeles, California, D. New York, New York,

B. Dade County, Florida,

2. Who provided criminologists with the first scholarly account of white-collar crime? A. Glibert Geis B. Edwin Sutherland C. Robert Merton D. President Theodore Roosevelt

B. Edwin Sutherland

14. Research indicates that most rapes are committed in ________. A. March. B. July. C. August. D. September.

B. July.

10. An important step to curb government contract fraud was taken with the passage of the _________, creating a separate offense of government contract fraud in excess of $1 million. A. Fraudulent Contract Act B. Major Fraud Act C. Sherman Antitrust Act D. Wedtech Act

B. Major Fraud Act

7. _________ is the largest property crime in the United States. A. Larceny B. Motor vehicle theft C. Arson D. Burglary

B. Motor vehicle theft

14. What 1909 case caused courts to review a wide variety of criminal cases against corporations? A. People v. The Transcontinental Railroad B. New York Central Railroad C. In re People of Hawk's Nest, West Virginia D. United States v. Ford Motor works

B. New York Central Railroad

2. _____________ is a killing committed intentionally but without malice. A. Negligent homicide B. Voluntary manslaughter C. Justifiable homicide D. Criminal homicide

B. Voluntary manslaughter

17. The common law dealt harshly with sodomy, making it a capital offense and referring to it as crimen innominatum, which means A. an utterly evil crime. B. a crime not to be mentioned by name. C. a crime forbidden by law. D. a crime punishable by death.

B. a crime not to be mentioned by name.

6. Operations run by stock manipulators who, through deception and misleading sales techniques, seduce unsuspecting and uninformed individuals into buying stocks in obscure and often poorly financed corporations are referred to as A. pink rooms. B. boiler rooms. C. steam rooms. D. scam rooms.

B. boiler rooms.

20. What are the most frequent targets of arson? A. motor vehicles B. buildings C. trailers D. crops

B. buildings

15. Most high-tech offenders, especially computer hackers, fit a rather unique profile. Which one of the following characteristics does not fit the profile? A. white males B. college graduate C. middle-class background D. IQ over 120

B. college graduate

3. In the United States the rate of larceny is A. extraordinarily low. B. extraordinarily high. C. about the same as the rate of burglary. D. about the same as the rate of arson.

B. extraordinarily high.

6. During the 1960s _________ became one of the major drugs of choice in the United States among white, middle-class young people that identified themselves as anti-establishment. A. cocaine B. marijuana C. heroin D. alcohol

B. marijuana

11. Auto insurance schemes include all but which of the following? A. staged claims B. ping-ponging C. caused accidents D. abandoned vehicles

B. ping-ponging

14. The Industrial Espionage Act of 1996 makes the theft, unauthorized appropriation, or other misuse of _________ a federal crime. A. credit cards B. proprietary economic information C. computer software D. none of these

B. proprietary economic information

11. Until recently, spousal abuse was perceived as a problem more of _______ than of criminal justice. A. a private matter B. social service C. a psychological nature D. none of these

B. social service

18. Following a Supreme Court ruling in _____, one can no longer be penalized for being a drug addict, this appears to also apply to prostitution. A. 1940 B. 1954 C. 1962 D. 1972

C. 1962

3. Most of the federal antidrug legislation has been drawn together in Title ____ of the United States Code, the collection of all federal laws. A. 17 B. 18 C. 21 D. 23

C. 21

12. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, there were approximately _______ million reports of suspected child abuse or neglect made to Child Protective Services in 2006. A. 1.1 B. 1.6 C. 3.3 D. 4.0

C. 3.3

15. National surveys of inmates in jails and prison show that about _____ percent of the convicted offenders incarcerated for violent crimes consumed alcohol immediately before the crimes. A. 20 B. 30 C. 40 D. 50

C. 40

8. A survey of homicide rates shows that the number of homicides per 100,000 children under age 15 in the United States was _____ times the number in other countries combined. A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 7

C. 5

7. _________ is a mixture of crack and heroin. A. Jump B. Speed ball C. Crank D. Horse

C. Crank

3. A crime is designated _____________ when a person has caused the death of another unintentionally but recklessly by consciously disregarding a substantial and unjustifiable risk that endangered another person's life. A. voluntary manslaughter B. justifiable homicide C. involuntary manslaughter D. murder

C. Involuntary manslaughter

8. Many cars are stolen in _________ and _________. A. May, June B. June, July C. July, August D. August, September

C. July, August

19. ______ account for the most significant share of arsonists. A. Insurance fraudsters B. Organized crime figures C. Juveniles D. Embezzlers;

C. Juveniles

3. _________ crimes are crimes committed by individuals for themselves in the course of rendering service. A. Corporate B. Service C. Occupational D. Institutional

C. Occupational

12. _________ occurs when physicians refer patients to several practitioners when symptoms do not warrant such referrals. A. Family ganging B. Overutilization C. Ping-ponging D. Steering

C. Ping-ponging

13. The S.T.O.P. program, a program designed to divert drug offenders, is located in A. Chicago, Illinois. B. Dallas, Texas. C. Portland, Oregon. D. Miami, Florida.

C. Portland, Oregon.

11. Which of the following is not one of the ways tax frauds are accomplished? A. keeping two sets of books B. shifting funds C. accountant bribery D. faking forms

C. accountant bribery

7. Any scam designed to take advantage of loopholes in the bankruptcy laws is known as A. financial fraud. B. insider trading. C. bankruptcy fraud. D. embezzlement.

C. bankruptcy fraud.

15. An artificial person created by state charter is known as a A. dummy. B. mock person. C. corporation. D. prosthetic business.

C. corporation.

16. In 2010, burglary accounted for nearly a(n) _______ of all Index offenses. A. third B. fourth C. fifth D. eighth

C. fifth

15. Which of the following is not a category in the typology of rape? A. stranger rape B. predatory rape C. incest rape D. date rape

C. incest rape

19. Congressional sentencing guidelines significantly increased sanctions for corporate crime, but also allowed companies large reductions in fines where there was evidence of A. a sincere apology. B. little real impact of the crime. C. organizational due diligence. D. a conspiracy among employees.

C. organizational due diligence.

4. Thomas Bartholomew Moran, a professional thief who died in a Miami rescue mission in 1971, is considered to be the best American A. arsonist. B. burglar. C. pickpocket. D. robber.

C. pickpocket.

20. Some of the problems recognized by governments in fighting corporate crime include which of the following? A. a broad range of federal and state statutes exist in the area of corporate misconduct B. the importance of attacking this problem at the international level C. the lack of disincentives for illegal acts D. none of these

C. the lack of disincentives for illegal acts

6. A study by Felson and Messner found that victim precipitation is more often seen in cases where A. women kill their friends. B. men kill their wives. C. women kill their husbands. D. men kill their friends.

C. women kill their husbands.

13. It is estimated by the U.S. Software Publisher's Association that approximately ____ billion worth of American software is illegally copied and distributed worldwide. A. $3.5 B. $4.5 C. $6.5 D. $7.5

D. $7.5

10. Since the first drug court was established, more than __________ similar courts have been established in counties throughout the country. A. 400 B. 800 C. 1500 D. 2100

D. 2100

20. The financial cost of gunshot injury and death, in terms of medical costs, lost productivity, pain, suffering, and reduced quality of life was estimated at over ___________ each year. A. 10 billion B. 20 billion C. 40 billion D. 60 billion

D. 60 billion

12. _________ crime is a criminal act committed by one or more employees of a corporation that is attributed to the corporation itself. A. Organizational B. Employee C. Institutional D. Corporate

D. Corporate

14. On January 16, 1920, the _________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution went into force, prohibiting the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. A. Thirteenth B. Fifteenth C. Sixteenth D. Eighteenth

D. Eighteenth

19. In a series of decisions culminating in _________, the Supreme Court articulated the view that obscenity, really meaning pornography, is outside the protection of the Constitution. A. Pope v. Illinois B. Miller v. Illinois C. Pope v. New York D. Miller v. California

D. Miller v. California

9. Which metropolitan statistical area has the highest motor vehicle theft rate? A. Detroit, Michigan B. Fresno, California C. Miami, Florida D. Modesto, California

D. Modesto, California

8. The cash obtained from drug sales in the United States is physically smuggled out of the country because it cannot be legally exported without disclosure. This describes what phenomenon? A. Inside trading B. Churning C. Embezzlement D. Money laundering

D. Money laundering

18. _____________ is/are a resort to violence or a threat of violence on the part of a group seeking to accomplish a purpose against the opposition of constituted authority. A. Threats B. Battery C. Assault D. Terrorism

D. Terrorism

2. Which of the following is not one of the elements of larceny? A. There must be a trespass. B. The property must be taken. C. The property must belong to another. D. The property has to be personal property and may include real estate.

D. The property has to be personal property and may include real estate.

9. Which of the following were aspects of the 1989 antidrug strategy put in place by President Bush? A. federal aid to state and local police for street-level attacks B. use of alternative punishments such as house arrest and boot camps C. rigorous enforcement of forfeiture laws D. all of these

D. all of these

4. The practice of trading a client's shares of stock frequently in order to generate large commissions is known as A. burning. B. stock manipulation. C. insider trading. D. churning.

D. churning.

16. Which of the following is not a model of corporate culpability? A. proactive corporate fault B. reactive corporate fault C. corporate policy D. expedient reporting

D. expedient reporting

17. A _________ is a person who buys stolen property for resale on a regular basis. A. middle-man B. pawn C. hack D. fence

D. fence

9. Which of the following is not true about assault? A. highest in urban areas B. highest in the summer months C. highest in the evening hours D. highest in the North

D. highest in the North

13. When the amendments to the Older American Act appeared in 1987, three basic definitions of elder abuse emerged. Which of the following is not one of those definitions? A. institutional elder abuse B. domestic elder abuse C. self-neglect or self-abuse D. legal elder abuse

D. legal elder abuse

4. Historically, the substance (other than alcohol) most frequently abused in the United States has been A. cocaine. B. morphine. C. heroin. D. marijuana.

D. marijuana.

18. All of the following are motives of fire setting except A. revenge. B. financial gain. C. intimidation. D. secrecy.

D. secrecy.

5. Murder rates are higher in ___________ and ___________ states. A. southern, eastern B. western, northern C. northeastern, Midwestern D. southern, western

D. southern, western

8. Which of the following is not one of the four common bankruptcy scams? A. the similar-name scam B. the old-company scam C. the successful-business scam D. the corporate pirate scam

D. the corporate pirate scam

21. During the Civil War, heroin addiction among veterans was referred to as the "soldier's disease."

F

22. Churning is the use of material, nonpublic, financial information to obtain an unfair advantage in trading securities.

F

22. Homicide is both an intraracial and an intragender crime.

F

22. It was not until the 1950s that the abuse of marijuana began to arouse public concern.

F

22. The research on shoplifters reveals that men are slightly more likely than women to be shoplifters.

F

23. Business opportunity fraud is not a type of consumer fraud.

F

23. In a national sample of over 6,000 households, Straus and Gelles found that about one in four couples experiences at least one physical assault during the year.

F

24. Physical sexual contact is a basic component of sodomy, prostitution, and pornography.

F

24. The British Banking Association in London estimates the cost of computer fraud worldwide at about $12 billion per year.

F

25. The world's legal systems include many highly effective laws and mechanisms to curb destruction of the environment. F

F

21. Larceny is the most prevalent crime in our society.

T

21. The Sherman Antitrust Act, passed by Congress in 1890, authorized the prosecution of corporations engaged in monopolistic practices.

T

21. Voluntary manslaughter is a killing committed intentionally but without malice.

T

23. Carjacking is considered to be a combination of motor vehicle theft and burglary.

T

23. The Volstead Act of 1919 defined any beverage with ½ of 1 percent alcohol as intoxicating liquor.

T

24. Embezzlement is the conversion of property or money with which one is entrusted or for which one has a fiduciary responsibility.

T

24. Under English Common Law, kidnapping was a misdemeanor.

T

25. After analyzing studies on the relationship between pornography and violence, the Attorney General's Commission concluded that nonviolent and nondegrading pornography is not significantly associated with crime and aggression. T

T

25. Firearm-related crime is more prevalent in the United States than in other developed Western nations.

T

25. Most law enforcement agencies are not equipped to deal with high-tech crimes.

T