Test +

Cholesterol transported from the cells to the liver by HDL can then be used to synthesize bile. True False

true

Fiber is NOT digested by the human digestive tract. True False

true

Most of the triglycerides in food reach the stomach without being chemically digested. True False

true

The Nutrition Facts Panel provides information about the amount of sugar in a product, but it does not distinguish between naturally occurring and added sugars. True False

true

Triglycerides are the most common lipid found in foods. True False

true

Carbohydrates must be consumed every 3 to 4 hours to prevent depletion of the glucose in our blood. False True

false

Which of the following is considered to be one drink of alcohol? A.12 oz beer B.8 oz beer C.8 oz wine D.1 oz vodka

A

Fat digestion begins when fats are emulsified by __________. A.chylomicrons B.bile C.lipoprotein D.the stomach

B

As soon as blood pressure reaches __________, it is diagnosed as high blood pressure. A.a systolic blood pressure over 140 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure over 90 mm Hg B.a systolic blood pressure over 120 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure over 70 mm Hg C.a systolic blood pressure under 120 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure under 70 mm Hg D.a systolic blood pressure over 200 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure over 120 mm Hg

A

Dr. Marie Savard lists five groupings of fiber. What are they? A.whole grains nuts and seeds fruits and vegetables beans psyllium supplements B.corn meal cereal apples beans lentils C.whole grains granola fruits and vegetables beans lentils D.granola peanut butter figs lentils corn

A

Eating a diet high in __________, as indicated by the DASH diet, may lower the risk for hypertension. A.fresh fruits and vegetables B.sugar-containing beverages C.red meat D.enriched bread

A

Hannah has started reading labels to find food sources of fiber that she enjoys. Which of the following terms would assure Hannah of selecting a fiber-rich food? A.whole wheat flour B.wheat flour C.enriched flour D.refined flour

A

How is digestion altered in individuals who have been diagnosed with lactose intolerance? A.Undigested lactose draws water into the gastrointestinal tract, causing diarrhea and cramping. B.The continuous exposure to undigested lactose in the intestinal tract promotes an alkaline environment created by the intestinal bacteria fermenting the carbohydrate. C.The monosaccharides glucose and galactose that make up the disaccharide lactose are linked with an alpha bond. D.Lactose intolerance is due to a deficiency of lipase, a brush border enzyme that hydrolyzes the disaccharide lactose.

A

John consumed a large margarita that contained 14 grams of carbohydrate and 24 grams of alcohol. How many kilocalories did he consume? A.John consumed 168 kilocalories. B.John consumed 200 kilocalories C.John consumed 224 kilocalories. D.John's consumed 260 kilocalories.

C

If the Nutrition Facts Panel on a food label indicates that a food has 24 grams of total carbohydrates, 2 grams of fiber and 12 grams of sugar, what is the true amount of carbohydrates in this food? A.This food contains 2 grams of fiber, 12 grams of sugars, and 10 grams of other unnamed carbohydrates, for a total of 24 grams. B.The true total amount of carbohydrates is 12 grams: the 24 grams of carbohydrates MINUS the 12 grams of sugar. C.The true total amount of carbohydrates is 38 grams: the 24 grams of carbohydrates PLUS the 2 grams of fiber PLUS 12 grams of sugar. D.The true total amount of carbohydrates is 36 grams: the 24 grams of carbohydrates PLUS the 12 grams of sugar.

A

Individuals with the disease phenylketonuria (PKU) should not consume the artificial sweetener aspartame. Why? A.People with PKU cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. B.People with PKU experience severe headaches when they consume aspartame. C.People with PKU are allergic to aspartame. D.People with PKU are at a high risk of developing diabetes.

A

Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid __________. A.cannot be synthesized in the body B.are non-essential fatty-acids C.are found only in meats D.should not be consumed in a healthy diet

A

Many processed foods say that they contain whole grains. What is the easiest way to tell whether it is truly a whole grain product? A.Look at the ingredient list. B.Look at the front label to see if it says whole grains. C.Check on the company's website to see which products have whole grains. D.Search the Internet for whole grains and select your products accordingly

A

Phospholipids consist of fatty acids and __________, which allow(s) them to be __________. A.phosphate; water soluble B.cholesterol; fat soluble C.triglycerides; fat soluble D.phosphate; fat soluble

A

Sugar alcohols are most often used in which of the following products? A.chewing gum B.infant formulas C.diet sodas D.baked confections

A

The Institute of Medicine recommends that we keep our intake of __________ to an absolute minimum. A.trans fatty acids B.dietary fats C.linoleic acid D.saturated fatty acids

A

The body absorbs which form of digested carbohydrates? A.monosaccharides B.polysaccharides C.disaccharides D.oligosaccharides

A

The most common food-based lipids are __________. A.triglycerides B.linoleic acids C.diglycerides D.phospholipids

A

The process of __________ creates __________. A.hydrogenation; trans fat B.saturation; essential fatty acids C.emulsification; fatty acids D.lipid digestion; triglycerides

A

To increase her dietary fiber, Hannah could do all of the following EXCEPT __________. A.add an extra piece of cheese to the burger B.add sliced mushrooms, sliced red and green peppers, or black olives C.substitute black beans for the French fries D.substitute brown rice for the French fries

A

What are the three things that fiber does to support weight loss and overall health? A.Fiber fills you up, slows down the absorption of fats and sugars, and moves quickly through the digestive tract. B.Fiber absorbs water, scrubs the digestive tract, and curbs the desire for fatty foods. C.Fiber scrubs the digestive tract, curbs the desire for fatty foods, and absorbs sugar. D.Fiber curbs the desire for fatty foods, absorbs sugar, and is high in vitamin C.

A

What are the three types of lipids found in foods, and in the cells and tissues of the human body? A.Triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols B.Triglycerides, phospholipids, and adipose tissue C.Oil, butter, and adipose tissue D.Short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids

A

Which enzyme digests lipids in the small intestine? A.pancreatic lipase B.gastric lipase C.lingual lipase D.bile

A

Which of the following food choices would most likely be the MOST fiber rich? A.navy beans B.asparagus C.banana D.wheat bread

A

Which of the following foods contains primarily saturated fats? A.butter B.peanuts C.olive oil D.skim milk

A

Which of the following is a common ingredient in processed foods that would be considered an added sugar? A.high fructose corn syrup B.cocoa C.tapioca starch D.enriched white flour

A

Which of the following is likely to be the MOST significant source of fiber in a cereal bar? A.rolled oats, cracked oats, steal cut oats B.fruit filling C.milk powder D.enriched white flour

A

Which of the following is the MOST accurate statement regarding alcohol absorption? A.Alcohol is absorbed from both the stomach and the small intestine. B.Alcohol is absorbed at the same rate whether it is consumed with a meal or on an empty stomach. C.Alcohol is absorbed directly through the mouth. D.Alcohol is digested to monosaccharide and is then absorbed through the small intestine.

A

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is FALSE? A.Carbohydrates are the primary energy source at rest and during exercise. B.Carbohydrates are necessary to prevent ketosis. C.The body uses a mixture of carbohydrate and fat for energy. D.Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal per gram.

A

Which of the following statements about saturated fatty acids is FALSE? A.Saturated fatty acids have more than one carbon joined together with a double bond. B.Butter, cheese, and milk are high in saturated fatty acids. C.Saturated fatty acids have no carbons joined together with a double bond. D.Saturated fatty acids are generally solid at room temperature.

A

What property do phospholipids, micelles, and bile have in common? A.They are only hydrophobic. B.They are all triglycerides. C.They are only hydrophilic. D.They are all both hydrophilic and hydrophobic.

D

Which of the following statements correctly identifies the process of lipid transport? A.A layer of proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol molecules surrounds each chylomicron to facilitate transport. B.Micelles transport lipids through the lymphatic system before they enter the bloodstream. C.Sterols, such as cholesterol, are not digested, but rather pass freely into the portal vein from the enterocyte. D.Different lipids are absorbed based on their structure. Short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids are absorbed into the lacteal to enter the lymphatic system as part of a chylomicron, whereas long-chain fatty acids are transported directly into the portal vein.

A

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A.On average, a healthy adult can metabolize the equivalent of two to three drinks in an hour. B.Consuming food with some fat, protein, and fiber slows the absorption of alcohol and can reduce blood alcohol concentration by as much as 50%. C.Carbonated alcoholic beverages are absorbed more rapidly than non-carbonated beverages. D.Women often absorb 30-35% more of a given alcohol intake than do men of the same size.

A

Which of the following statements regarding absorption of monosaccharides is TRUE? A.Not all monosaccharides are absorbed by active transport. B.All monosaccharides require energy for absorption; therefore, they require active passport. C.All monosaccharides are absorbed by passive transport. D.Monosaccharieds are simple sugars and require only direct absorbtion into the bloodstream.

A

Which of the following statements regarding glucose absorption is TRUE? A.Glucose is absorbed mostly through the lining of the small intestine. B.Glucose is absorbed mostly in the stomach. C.Glucose is absorbed solely through the lining of the mouth: the oral mucosa. D.Glucose is digested in the small intestine.

A

Which of the items in the following list is a whole grain? A.whole wheat flour B.gluten-free flour C.unbleached wheat flour D.wheat flour

A

Which of the three lipids commonly found in foods are used to manufacture cell membranes? A.phospholipids B.triglycerides C.sterols D.None of these lipids are used in cell membranes.

A

Which statement is FALSE regarding enriched white bread? A.It is missing the thiamin, niacin, and folate present in whole wheat bread. B.It is missing some vitamins and minerals present in whole wheat bread. C.It is missing the fiber present in whole wheat bread. D.It is made from the endosperm of the wheat kernel.

A

Which type of fatty acid is most common in animal-based foods, such as steak, butter, and milk? A.saturated fat B.monounsaturated fat C.polyunsaturated fat

A

Yogurt is tolerated better than milk by many with lactose intolerance because __________. A.bacteria in yogurt break down the lactose B.the flavorings in yogurt make it easier to digest C.yogurt has no lactose D.it is thicker than milk

A

Your friend Brenda is concerned that her drinking has been increasing to an excessive level and she is looking for strategies to help her decrease her alcohol consumption. Which of these strategies would be LEAST helpful to attaining her goal? A.Drink only beer. B.Stay occupied with other activities at a party. C.Volunteer to be designated driver. D.Have a protein-containing meal or snack before the first alcoholic drink.

A

__________ is observed in chronic drinkers as their liver breaks down alcohol more efficiently. A.Tolerance B.Resistance C.Threshold D.Sensitivity

A

Dietary changes shown to reduce the risk for heart disease include __________. A.increasing the consumption of eggs and dairy products B.decreasing dietary saturated fat to less than 7% of total energy intake C.following the latest fad diet D.increasing intake of trans fats

B

Glucose __________. A.is a digestive enzyme B.is the form of sugar that our bodies use for energy C.is broken down by digestion into polysaccharides and disaccharides D.is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas

B

How many different forms of lipids are commonly found in food? A.two B.three C.four D.six

B

Pancreatic amylase is secreted by the pancreas into the __________, where the majority of carbohydrate digestion occurs. A.stomach B.small intestine C.large intestine D.liver

B

Soluble fiber __________. A.is not viscous, and cannot be digested B.is viscous, and can be digested by colon bacteria C.has not been related to reduced risk of disease D.does not dissolve in water

B

Strategies that contribute to keeping blood alcohol content below the legal limit include all of the following EXCEPT __________. A.drinking slowly, no more than one drink per hour B.drinking a lot coffee C.limiting your consumption to no more than one drink per day for a female and no more than one to two drinks per day as a male D.drinking alcoholic beverages while eating a meal or large snack

B

The AMDR for carbohydrates is __________ of total energy intake. A.15% B.45% to 65% C.65% to 85% D.25% or less

B

The alpha bonds of carbohydrates are hydrolyzed during digestion by specific enzymes. Lactose contains a beta bond, which is digestible by lactase. Most carbohydrates that contain beta glycosidic bonds are not digestible because humans lack the enzyme needed to hydrolyze the bond. Which of the following carbohydrates contain alpha bonds that are digestible by humans? A.pectin and stachyose B.amylose and amylopectin C.cellulose and hemicellulose D.raffinose and beta-glucan

B

The most common source of added sugars in the American diet is __________. A.candy B.sweetened soft drinks C.fruits (fresh and canned) D.packaged cakes and cookies

B

The most effective way to speed up the breakdown of alcohol is to __________. A.drink a lot of coffee or other caffeinated beverage B.There is not an effective intervention to speed up the breakdown of alcohol. C.increase your physical activity; walk around D.use a sauna or steam room to "sweat" the alcohol out of your system

B

What are micelles? A.emulsifiers used to break fat globules into small droplets during digestion B.clusters of bile salts that transport lipids across the cell membrane of the villi C.lipid-digesting enzymes located in the small intestine D.a type of lipoprotein needed to absorb lipids

B

What occurs when blood glucose levels rise following the ingestion of a glucose-rich meal? A.The alpha cells of the pancreas release glucagon. B.The beta cells of the pancreas release insulin. C.The alpha cells of the pancreas release insulin. D.The beta cells of the pancreas release glucagon.

B

Which artificial sweetener was once linked to cancer but later removed from the list of potential cancer-causing substances? A.aspartame B.saccharin C.sucralose D.acesulfame-K

B

Which of the following foods naturally contain(s) insoluble fibers that increase the bulk of digestive material and draw water into the large intestine, keeping the stools soft and moist? A.fish B.whole grains cereals and fruit C.dairy products, including yogurt and cheese D.chicken

B

Which of the following is NOT a source of complex carbohydrates? A.potatoes B.milk C.peas and beans D.whole-wheat bread

B

Which of the following statements correctly describes the triggers that result in the release of hormones that regulate blood glucose? A.Cortisol, often referred to as the stress hormone, is released from the adrenal glands when blood glucose levels are high. B.Glucagon is secreted from the alpha cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are low. C.The levels of epinephrine, an adrenal gland hormone, are reduced when blood glucose levels are low. D.Insulin is secreted from the alpha cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels rise after a carbohydrate-rich meal.

B

Which of the following statements regarding fiber is TRUE? A.Bile from the gallbladder can assist in the absorption of fiber. B.Dietary fiber cannot be digested in the human digestive tract. C.The pancreas produces enzymes to digest carbohydrates and fiber is a carbohydrate. D.The mucous in the stomach can break down fiber.

B

Which of these strategies have been successful in getting us to eat more food? Giving larger portions for less money. Making food available everywhere. Recommending home-cooked meals. Increasing the amount of organic foods available. Dedicating huge marketing budgets to encouraging consumer spending. A.3, 4, and 5 B.1, 2, and 5 C.2 and 3 D.1 and 4

B

Your cousin has just learned he has atherosclerosis. What strategies would be the BEST ones for him to adopt to lower his risk of a heart attack? A.lose weight, consume whole foods, consume at least three alcoholic beverages daily B.lose weight, consume whole foods, consume oily fish at least twice weekly C.lose weight, consume whole foods, avoid consuming fish D.lose weight, consume processed foods, consume oily fish at twice weekly

B

Binge-drinking is defined as __________. A.alcohol poisoning B.the chronic consumption of alcohol C.drinking five or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion for men and four or more for women D.drinking seven or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion for men and five or more for women

C

Carbohydrates are comprised of __________. A.carbon and nitrogen B.nitrogen and water C.carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen D.hydrogen, phosphorous, and oxygen

C

Dr. Johnson refers to sugars as the triple threat. He states that sugars ___________. A.greatly increase caloric intake have no nutritional value cause diabetes B.have no nutritional value displace healthy foods are hidden in almost all packaged foods C.greatly increase caloric intake have no nutritional value displace healthy foods D.displace healthy foods greatly increase caloric intake contain carcinogens

C

Jake runs from work to his evening nutrition class and has no time to eat. He is feeling hungry and weak since he hasn't eaten in about 5 hours. At this time, where is he getting the glucose required to meet his energy needs? A.from the brain B.from insulin C.from liver glycogen D.from stored fat

C

Maria is pregnant and is out with friends who are having cocktails. Maria orders a glass of wine. What are the recommendations regarding alcohol use during pregnancy? A.An occasional drink is okay during the first trimester. B.An occasional drink is perfectly fine in the third trimester. C.Do not drink at all during pregnancy. D.Drink only moderately during pregnancy

C

Maria's doctor suspects she has reactive hypoglycemia. If her suspicions are correct, what would the level of her blood glucose likely be two hours after a high-carbohydrate meal? A.at least twice the level of a normal individual B.no different from a normal individual C.significantly lower than a normal individual D.slightly higher than a normal individual

C

Sally is a 54-year-old overweight woman with a 39-inch waist circumference and a sedentary lifestyle. She is MOST at risk for __________. A.carbohydrate loading B.lactose intolerance C.type 2 diabetes D.type 1 diabetes

C

The AMDR for fat is __________ of total energy. A.12% to 15% B.less than 20% C.20% to 35% D.55% to 60%

C

The alcohol-metabolizing enzyme found in the stomach and liver is alcohol __________. A.hydratase B.acetylase C.dehydrogenase D.amylase

C

The lipid profile associated with the LOWEST risk of heart disease is __________. A.high HDL, low LDL, high triglycerides B.high HDL, high LDL, low triglycerides C.high HDL, low LDL, low triglycerides D.low HDL, low LDL, low triglycerides

C

Through the process of photosynthesis, plants make the most abundant form of carbohydrate, called __________. A.disaccharides B.galactose C.glucose D.glycogen

C

What is the role of the hormone glucagon in regulating blood glucose? A.The liver stores glucagon to maintain blood glucose levels. B.Glucagon inhibits gluconeogenesis, which increases blood glucose. C.Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis to increase blood glucose. D.Insulin encourages the release of glucagon, which lowers blood glucose.

C

What phrase does Dr. Johnson suggest you should keep in mind when thinking of sugar? A.triple threat B.corn syrup C.empty calories D.obese diabetic

C

Which of the following BEST describes the glycemic index? A.An individual's glucose/insulin ratio in a fasting state. B.The amount of glucose in a food. C.The potential of a food to raise blood glucose and insulin levels. D.The potential of a food to decrease glucagon and insulin levels.

C

Which of the following foods is the best source of monounsaturated fatty acids? A.sour cream B.skim milk C.peanut oil D.corn oil

C

Which of the following foods is the best source of polyunsaturated fatty acid? A.avocado B.olive oil C.corn oil D.steak

C

Which of the following foods would be a good source of naturally occurring sugar? A.white bread B.Nutri-Grain cereal bar C.milk D.soda pop

C

Which of the following statements about alpha bonds is TRUE? A. Alpha bonds cannot be easily digested by enzymes found in the human intestine. B. Alpha bonds cause the condition known as lactose intolerance. C.Alpha bonds can be digested by enzymes found in the human intestine. D.Alpha bonds are found mainly in high fiber foods.

C

Which of the following statements about fats is FALSE? A.Fats help regulate cell function. B.Fats are a major fuel source during exercise. C.Fats do not provide energy during rest. D.Dietary fats provide essential fatty acids

C

Which of the following statements about simple carbohydrates is FALSE? A.Simple carbohydrates consist of just one or two molecules. B.Simple carbohydrates are also called sugars. C.Starch and glycogen are both simple carbohydrates. D.Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all simple carbohydrates.

C

Which of the following statements correctly describes the metabolic fate of the lipids transported by lipoproteins? A.Cholesterol removed from the cells by LDLs is carried back to the liver and excreted through bile, decreasing the risk of atherosclerosis or blocked arteries. B.The HDL-cholesterol is often referred to as the "bad cholesterol" because it transports cholesterol released from the liver and may deposit the cholesterol in the arterial cells, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis or blocked arteries. C.The LDL-cholesterol interacts with receptor sites on the surface of cells to release cholesterol that can be used to make bile, hormones, and vitamin D. D.As the VLDL moves through the bloodstream, an enzyme hydrolyzes protein from the surface of the lipoproteins to be taken up by the body's cells.

C

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A.Fat remains in the stomach longer than carbohydrates and protein. B.Bile plays a role in digestion. C.Fat is a nonessential nutrient. D.Lymph fluid carries lipids from the enterocytes. E.Significant chemical digestion begins in the duodenum.

C

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding long-term alcohol abuse? A.Damage is limited to the liver. B.As long as nutrition is good, there is no risk associated with chronic alcohol abuse. C.It can result in increased risk of cancer. D.Liver damage is always reversible if alcohol consumption stops.

C

Which of the following statements regarding alcohol metabolism is TRUE? A.As long as you eat before drinking, you don't have to worry about alcohol metabolism. B.The liver metabolizes alcohol at the rate of 1 drink every 30 minutes. C.The liver metabolizes alcohol at a rate of 1 drink per hour. D.As long as you do not mix beer with liquor, the rate of time it takes to metabolize a drink is not an issue

C

Which of the following statements regarding lipoproteins is TRUE? A.Low-density lipoproteins are formed in the small intestines to transport absorbed dietary lipids. B.The enzyme lingual lipase is responsible for removing triglycerides transported by the LDL. C.As the VLDL deposits triglycerides in the cells, it becomes denser and is classified as a LDL. D.Plaque is a build-up of lipoproteins in the bloodstream.

C

Which class of lipoproteins contains the MOST protein compared to lipid? A.very low-density lipoproteins B.low-density lipoproteins C.chylomicrons D.high-density lipoproteins

D

Which of the following statements regarding the structure of triglycerides is TRUE? A.A triglyceride consists of a fatty acid with three glycerol molecules attached. B.Unsaturated fatty acids have only one shape, referred to as a cis configuration, which bends at the double bond. C.Fatty acid chains in a triglyceride molecule, which contain a single double bond, are referred to as monounsaturated fatty acids. D.Fatty acid chains in a triglyceride molecule with more than one double bond are referred to as saturated fatty acids.

C

__________ have "kinked" fatty acids at the area of their double bonds, preventing them from packing tightly together. A.Saturated fats B.Sterols C.Unsaturated fats D.Trans fats

C

A __________ fatty acid has both hydrogen atoms located on __________ of the double bond. A.trans; the same or opposite B.cis; opposite sides C.trans; the same side D.cis; the same side

D

All of the following are ways to lower your fat intake EXCEPT which option? A.Bake or broil in place of frying. B.Use wine, lemon juice, or broth instead of butter. C.Eat baked tortilla chips in place of regular chips. D.Eat ice cream instead of sherbet.

D

As stated in the video, to burn off the calories from 1 ounce of potato chips, you must __________. A.bike for 1 hour B.jump rope for half an hour C.walk for 6 hours D.jog for 15 minutes

D

Binge drinking is defined as __________. A.the consumption of four or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion by a man or a woman B.the consumption of six or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion by a man or five or more drinks for a woman C.the consumption of five or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion for a man or woman D.the consumption of five or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion by a man or four or more drinks for a woman

D

Dr. Katz suggests checking the fiber content on the Nutrition Facts Panel to ascertain whether a product is whole grain. What should you look for? A.It should contain at least 2 grams of fiber per 50 calories. B.The product should contain at least 1 gram of fiber per 100 calories. C.It should contain at least 1 gram of fiber per 200 calories. D.The product should contain at least 2 grams of fiber per 100 calories.

D

How does Dr. Savard suggest you should incorporate fiber into your diet? A.Stick to one health issue at a time—first eat fiber that lowers cholesterol, and then switch to fiber that is good for colon health. B.Mix fiber with water so that it soaks up a little before you eat it. C.Never drink water with fiber because it will swell up in your stomach and make you feel too full. D.Ease into it slowly by drinking plenty of water and eating a variety of fiber.

D

Hypertension, one of the major chronic diseases in the United States, is a warning sign that a person is at risk for __________. A.Alzheimer's disease B.type 1 diabetes C.cancer D.heart disease and stroke

D

If a food product has an ingredient list of wheat flour, high fructose corn syrup, milk powder, and apple juice, which of the following is TRUE? A.Wheat flour is listed first on the label to warn gluten intolerant consumers. B.This food product is high in fiber. C.The food product contains only one form of carbohydrates: sugars. D.Wheat flour is a main ingredient in this product.

D

On average, Americans consume _____ pounds of sugar per person each year. A.21 B.55 C.100 D.156

D

Optimal blood pressure measurements are __________. A.systolic greater than 120 mm Hg and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg B.systolic less than 120 mm Hg and diastolic greater than 80 mm Hg C.systolic greater than 120 mm Hg and diastolic greater than 80 mm Hg D.systolic less than 120 mm Hg and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg

D

People have a greater number of choices because the food industry has pushed the mass distribution of low-cost products. According to this news segment, what do critics say about these products? A.The new products contain unacceptable levels of mercury. B.The low cost of the products indicates low-quality ingredients, which are inherently bad for anyone's health. C.Greater choices and lower cost both indicate that the food industry cuts corners with food safety. D.People eat more because they are encouraged by a greater number of choices.

D

Short chain fatty acids are usually __________. A.fewer than 6 hydrogen atoms in length B.14 or less hydrogen atoms in length C.6 to 12 carbon atoms in length D.fewer than 6 carbon atoms in length

D

Sugar alcohols (e.g., sorbitol, xylitol, and mannitol) __________. A.increase the risk for dental cavities B.are "non-nutritive sweeteners" C.contain 4 kcals per gram D.can cause diarrhea if consumed in excess

D

The Dietary Guidelines recommended limiting added sugar in a diet. Which of the following foods would be considered a significant source of added sugar? A.potato B.orange juice C.white bread D.Nutri-Grain cereal bar

D

The Nutrition Facts Panel indicates that there are 12 grams of sugar in one serving of the food. The ingredients listed are wheat flour, high fructose corn syrup, milk powder, and apple juice. Are all 12 grams of sugar in this product the added sugars? A.The 12 grams of sugar listed only account for the added sugar in this food, not the naturally occurring sugars. B.The 12 grams of sugar listed only account for the naturally occurring sugar in this food, not the added sugar. C.The 12 grams of sugars listed are total grams of carbohydrates this food contains. D.The 12 grams of sugar in this product include both naturally occurring and added sugars.

D

The majority of lipid absorption occurs in the small intestine with the help of a spherical compound called a(n) __________. A.lecithin B.lipoprotein lipase C.adipose tissue D.micelle

D

The vast majority of the new foods on the market are foods that __________. A.promote weight loss B.cause illness C.provide great nutrition at low cost D.should be eaten less

D

What is the BEST strategy to reverse a fatty liver? A.drink more fluids B.drink wine instead of beer C.consume more vitamin C D.stop consuming alcohol

D

Which of the following individuals would likely have the LOWEST risk of heart disease? A.someone who eats steak, burgers, and ice cream often B.someone who eats only invisible fats C.someone who eats processed foods and fast food often D.someone who eats salmon, sardines, and flaxseeds often

D

Which of the following nutrients is a carbohydrate? A.high fructose corn syrup B.starch C.fructose D.All of these are correct.

D

Which of the following statements BEST explains carbohydrate digestion? A.Some chemical reactions occur in the stomach. B.There is an enzyme in our saliva that begins the digestion of carbohydrates. C.Carbohydrate digestion breaks larger carbohydrates into smaller units. D.All of the listed statements are true.

D

Which of the following statements about alcohol is CORRECT? A.The majority of alcohol is absorbed in the large intestine, where food is not stored. B.Alcohol is required for heart health. Consumed on an empty stomach, it increases the rate of absorption and the benefits to heart health. C.Gender is the only difference in the way women and men absorb alcohol. D.The presence of food in the stomach will slows the absorption of alcohol through the stomach.

D

Which of the following statements about sugar is FALSE? A.Sugar consumption is correlated with obesity. B.Sugar causes tooth decay. C.Sugar consumption is linked with unhealthful changes in blood lipids. D.Sugar causes hyperactivity in children.

D

Which of the following statements best describes the role of dietary fiber in reducing the risk of developing diseases? A.Dietary fiber reduces the growth of intestinal bacteria in the colon, which may reduce the risk of colon cancer. B.As insoluble dietary fiber passes through the large intestine, it binds bile acids preventing them from being reabsorbed. Binding or sequestering bile acids helps lower elevated blood cholesterol and your risk of cardiovascular disease. C.Diverticulosis is caused when increased pressure in the colon causes weak spots to bulge forming pouches called diverticula. Consuming a diet high in soluble fibers can reduce the pressure buildup and prevent these diverticula from forming. D.Soluble fibers slow the digestion and release of glucose preventing a spike in blood glucose following a meal. This increase in transit time may improve long-term control of diabetes.

D

Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of carbohydrate absorption? A.Galactose and fructose are absorbed into the enterocyte by active transport. B.Disaccharides are hydrolyzed by the brush border enzymes into glucose, which is then absorbed into the enterocyte by facilitated diffusion and transported through the lacteal into the bloodstream. C.Fructose and galactose must be converted to glucose in the enterocyte before they can be absorbed by active transport. D.Glucose and galactose are absorbed into the enterocyte by active transport before they enter the capillaries for transport through the bloodstream.

D

Which of the following statements is CORRECT in regard to the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation? A.Insulin stimulates the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles. B.Glucose requires insulin to cross cell membranes. C.Insulin is released when blood glucose levels rise. D.All of these statements are correct.

D

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A.Most Americans consume an adequate amount of dietary fiber. B.The fiber content of "wheat bread" is the same, slice per slice, as the fiber content of "whole wheat bread." C.Sugar-free foods are always low in calories. D.Whole-grain products contain more dietary fiber than refined or enriched products.

D

Which of the following statements regarding alcohol is TRUE? A.Alcohol is essential because it is a carbohydrate made from fruit or grains. B.Alcohol is a nonessential nutrient because it contains no calories. C.Alcohol is considered an unconditional nutrient. D.Alcohol is not considered an essential nutrient.

D

Diverticulosis is a symptomatic condition in which increased pressure within the large intestine weakens the walls of the large intestine, causing them to bulge outward and form pockets (diverticula). True False

false

Fat is digested and absorbed by the same process the as carbohydrates and proteins. True False

false

Foods contain only one type of fatty acid, either saturated or unsaturated, but never both. True False

false

Foods only contain one type of carbohydrate. True False

false

It takes more than 8 hours for ingested carbohydrate to be digested, absorbed, and circulated in the cells. True False

false

Lipids enter the bloodstream directly after digestion. True False

false