(Test and Grades) (Reliability and Validity) (Descriptive Statistics) - Chapter 14
What are examples of 'No Skew"
-Normal Distribution -"Bell Shaped Curve" -Mean=Median=Mode
What are two types of skews?
-Positive Skew -Negative Skew
What does a test need to have to be a good test?
-Reliability and Validity to be a good test
What are Descriptive Statistics?
-Summary of how your students did -Describe/Summarize a large amount of data
What is Test - Retest Reliability?
-Taking the same test twice -Are the results stable? They should be close ex: IQ test taken within a week of each other
What is Content Validity?
-The test measuring the intended content area
What is the Criterion Validity?
-The test relevant with multiple test/test measures correlated with another test measures
What is Alternate Form Reliability?
-Want to see if tests are equivalent, scores comparable if you have diff version tests
What is Split Half Reliability?
-Within 1 test we want consistency -Easy/hard questions spread out across test
What are graphs of frequency scores?
-tell us how many students received a certain score
What is a negative skew?
Asymmetrical distribution with more higher scores -Mode is greater than median which is greater than mean mean<median<mode
What is a positive skew?
Asymmetrical distribution with more lower scores -Mean is greater than median which is greater than mode mean>median>mode
What is Validity?
The degree to which a test measures what it is suppose to measure
What is Reliability?
the consistency of test results/scores
What is Standard Deviation?
the number you report from finding the variance with mean
What is Variance?
determining how far each score is from the mean
Whats an example of Achievement test?
ex: Formative or Summative Assessment A test that is going to predict future performance
Whats an example of an Aptitude Test?
ex: intelligence tests A test that tests students ability
What is Rater Reliability?
- "Scorer" Reliability -Two Types
What is INTRA Rater Reliability?
-Involves 1 person scoring being consistent with overall scoring
Whats Central Tendency?
- Tell us what typical of that distribution (mean, median, mode)
What is the Construct Validity?
-Abstract idea -Testing things that are difficult to define -Does the test measure the construct it was designed for? ex: intelligence tests
What is INTER Rater Reliability?
-Asking if one raters score consistent with another rater score
What type of curve do you want?
-Bell curve -You usually don't get a bell curve though
What do distribution tell us?
-Central Tendency -Variability -Skewness
What are distributions?
-Data collected forms the distributions to calculate/put into charts
What are examples of Descriptive Statistics?
-Finding mean, median, range, mode
What are the types of standardized tests?
1. Achievement Test 2. Aptitude Test
What are the 3 types of Validity?
1. Content Validity 2. Criterion Validity 3. Construct Validity
What are ways to increase reliability? validity?
1. Content Validity 2. Make sure students know how to use materials (compass, protractor) 3. Clear Instructions on Test 4. Does test maximize students performance (comfortable test taking environment, not right before lunch) 5. Careful when you interrupt test scores/results
What are the 2 types of Rater Reliability?
1. Intra Rater 2. Inter Rater
What are the 2 types of Criterion Validity?
1. Predictive Validity 2. Concurrent Validity
What are the four types of test reliability?
1. Test Re-Test Reliability 2. Alternate Form Reliability 3. Split-Half Reliability 4. Rater Reliability
What are standardized tests?
A standardized test is any form of test that... (1) requires all test takers to answer the same questions (2) is scored in a "standard" or consistent manner
What is Concurrent Validity?
Intent to relate tests at the same time
What is Skewness?
Lack of symmetry of the distribution
What is Variability?
To what degree scores spread out from the center of distribution ex: range, variance, standard deviation
What is Predictive Validity?
Using to predict an outcome ex: SAT or ACT
