Test questions Sociology

A cultural universe is:

A pattern or trait common to all societies

According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact?

All of the above are social facts

Functionalist Emile Durkheim viewed society as:

An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy.

Ivanka Trump is the daughter of business mogul Donald Trump. Her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ______.

Ascribed status

Which of the following men coined the term positivism, and is widely considered the father of sociology?

Auguste Comte

Which of the following is an example of role strain?

Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive.

The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as "dawn of civilization" because:

Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities.

Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Vitamin C is the ________.

Dependent variable

Weber's proposal of anti-positivism influenced sociological researchers to ________ while examining different social worlds.

Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms.

Which of the following is an example of nonreactive research?

Gathering data from government studies

The concept of the iron cage was popularized by which of the following sociological thinkers?

Max Weber

Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore city over the past 50 years using Baltimore city data. What type of research should Thomas conduct?

Secondary data analysis

A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher's reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the student behave perfectly. This is an example of _________.

The Hawthorne Effect

Which of the following is an example of a counterculture?

The hippie movement of the 1960's

Xenocentrism is:

The opposite of ethnocentrism

Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics?

To ensure the financial gain of the researchers

Which of the following best depicts Marx's concept of alienation from the process of one's labor?

A construction worker is laid off and takes a job at a fast food restaurant temporarily, although he has never had an interest in preparing food before.

The term values can be defined as:

A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society.

Which of the following is NOT an example of organic solidarity?

A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama

The term interpretive framework can be defined as:

A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing.

In 1999, Sean Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Parker invented Napster, a global, free-of-charge, peer-to-peer music sharing program. Prior to Napster, no such program existed. The three men created ____________.

An innovation.

According to Marx, the _____ own the means of production in a society.

Bourgeoisie

Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stone Wall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ________.

Case Study

Durkheim defined ________ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society.

Collective Conscience

An industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because:

Collective norms are weakened, Society no longer has the support of the collective consciousness, and specialization of labor lead to alienation.

Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip. "Let's see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I rolls his eyes. Kurt's perspective is an example of ______________.

Cultrual Imperialism

Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing ______________.

Culture Shock

Quincia is studying how the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n)________.

Ethnography

Edward Sapir and Ben Whorf believed that reality is socially determined and that any interpretation of reality in based on what an individual knows of him/her self and personal values...

False

One in every six college students will experience some type of domestic violence abuse...

False

Sociologist Karl Marx coined the term cultural lag.

False

Emile Durkheim's ideas about society can best be described as ________.

Functionalist

The Protestant work ethic is based on the concept of predestination, which states that ________.

God has already chosen those who will be saved and those who will be damned.

According to Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, society is based on ________.

Habitual actions

__________ describes how any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern.

Habitualization

Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism?

Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying.

What group defines themselves through a rejection of the mainstream:

Hipsters

Which of the following societies were the first to have permanent residents?

Horticultural

Please place the following societies in chronological order:

Hunter-Gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural

Qualitative sociology can be defined as:

In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.

Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal?

Incest taboos

John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable.

Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades

Organic solidarity is most likely to exist in which of the following types of societies?

Industrial

What is the importance of interpretive framework?

It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world.

_________ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored________.

Karl Marx; Communism

Which of the following is NOT an example of self-fulfilling prophecy?

Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.

Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that:

People base their images on how they think other people see them.

A paradigm can be defined as:

Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them

Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of__________.

Reliability

On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her "goth" and "emo". She soon begins to don more black clothing, dark, makeup, and seek out friends who dress the same. This is an example _________.

Role Performance

_________ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society.

Structural Functionalists

In the early 2000's, The L Word and Queer as Folk debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a ___________.

Subculture

A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A ____ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management.

Symbolic Interactionist

Sociology is defined as

Systematic study of society and social interaction

Which of the following fictional societies is an example of a pastoral society?

The Hunti, a wandering group of nomads who specialize in breeding and training horses.

The term institutionalization can be defined as:

The act of implanting a convention or norm into society.

Alienation is defined by the text as:

The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self.

Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between:

The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois.

Verstehen is defined by the text as:

To understand in a deep way.

People in today's society refer to integration of international trade and finance markets as globalization.

True

The concept anomie can be defined as:

a situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness.

Reliability is defined by the text as:

A measure of a study's consistency that consider how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

The term value neutrality is defined by the text as:

A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgement during the course of a study and in publishing results.

The term language can be defined as:

A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.

A hypothesis can be defined as:

A testable proposition

________ societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer.

Agricultural

Which of the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation?

Alienation from one's religion

Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the ________ perspective.

Conflict Theory

Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under?

Conflict theory

Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Karl Marx were all advocates of:

Conflict theory

What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant within a society?

Constructivism

Society and culture ____________.

Could not exist without each other

Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on their belief in a meritocracy?

Emile Durkheim

Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate the food", she tells her family at home. "I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be." This is an example of _____________.

Ethnocentrism

The best way to handle a domestic violence dispute is to run over and stop the altercation and if that does not work call the law.

False

Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers' body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting which research method?

Field research

The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of an individual and the society that shapes that behavior (or, the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as:

Figuration

Sociologists use this term to describe the pattern of cultural experiences and attitudes that exist in the highest class segments of a society?

High Culture

Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination.

How individuals understand their own and other's pasts in relation to history and social structure.

Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____.

Macro-levl; micro-level

Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States?

Making eye contact while speaking

Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's _______ function, the second is an example of the project's _________ function.

Manifest; latent

What is one difference between a more and a folkway?

Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkway do not.

Many Americans pay for haircuts, trips to the dentist, or transportation on the metro and bus systems. These actions support the notion of capitalism, an example of _________________.

Non-material culture

Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice?

Observing study participants without their consent

In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of __________.

Participant observation

MTV's widely-watched TV series The Jersey Shore is an example of _______, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of _______.

Popular culture; High culture

Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method.

Quantitative

Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method?

Receive corroboration from the field

Minnie works full-time at an office downtown while her young children stay at a neighbor's house. She's just learned that the childcare provider is leaving the country. Minnie has succumbed to pressure to volunteer at her church, plus her ailing mother-in-law will be moving in with her next month. Which of the following is likely to occur are Minnie tries to balance her existing and new responsibilities?

Role Strain

Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public's perception of World War II. This is an example of ______.

Secondary data

Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using?

Secondary data analysis

Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" party. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of _____________.

Social Control

Which of the following occupations is a person of power most likely to have in an information society?

Software engineer

After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups.

Symbolic interactionist

Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction?

The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club.

Rose knows that men find her attractive, and she's never found it hard to get a date. But as she ages, she dyes her hair to hide the gray and wears clothes that camouflage the weight she has put on. Rose's behavior can be best explained by the concept of _________.

The looking-glass self

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis?

The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account.

Society does not exist without people.

True

Who felt that if a man defined a situation as real, they are real in their consequences.

W.I Thomas