Test two reading questions

Researchers have suggested all of the following factors EXCEPT __ as causes for the finding that immigration is positively associated with depressive symptoms in women.

. lack of motivation to adapt to a new culture

Which of the following arguments was NOT used by Iranian women to reclaim time at sports facilities during the 1980s?

They would be able to show the world the superiority of Islam by competing and winning in the Olympic Games.

In a study of the use of drugs and alcohol among a multiethnic U.S. sample of urban girls in the seventh to ninth grades, __ girls were significantly more likely than __ girls to use alcohol and other drugs, and the two groups reported using marijuana at __ rates.

White; Black; almost equal

__ are more likely to attempt suicide and __ are more likely to die by suicide.

Women; men

Visual dominance is when __. a. high powered people never look at subordinates b. high powered people look at subordinates when both speaking and listening c. high powered people look at subordinates when listening, but not speaking d. high powered people look at subordinates when speaking, but not listening

d. high powered people look at subordinates when speaking, but not listening

An anti-female bias in the evaluation of work is most likely to show up __. a. in studies where respondents do not believe their evaluations make any difference b. in studies inside the lab c. in studies where people are warned not to make stereotypical judgments d. in studies where respondents believe that their evaluations have real consequences

d. in studies where respondents believe that their evaluations have real consequences

A lopsided division of labor, giving women the greatest share of domestic work, __. a. is not found in India or China b. is found mainly in North America c. is found mainly in developing nations d. is not limited to any one country or culture

d. is not limited to any one country or culture

Researchers have found that women in executive positions __. a. tend to form close-knit friendships with a few other women at work b. tend to place a low importance on friendship c. usually have a large network of friendships outside the workplace d. tend to be lonely

d. tend to be lonely

Maternal mortality is related to all of the following EXCEPT availability of good reproductive health care. earlier age of puberty. female genital mutilation. lack of access to safe abortions

earlier age of puberty.

Researchers who have studied the impact of the physician's gender on patient interactions have found that

female physicians spend more time with patients than male physicians do.

Girls participating in "masculine" sports, such as wrestling and hockey

find their participation rewarding in many ways.

Research on stress shows that

he same stressor may result in more perceived stress for women than for men.

Maria Root argues that women of color are exposed to greater degrees of __ then their more privileged White sisters

insidious trauma

The type of cancer that is most likely to kill North American women is

lung cancer

Carol is driving to work and suddenly experiences a tightening in her chest. She has difficulty catching her breath and fears she is having a heart attack. The doctors at the emergency room say there is nothing physically wrong with her. Carol may have __.

panic disorder

A double standard of mental health for men and women refers to the fact that __.

people who conformed to gender expectations—masculine men and feminine women—were considered mentally healthier than those who did not

Post-traumatic stress disorder results from all of the following sets of circumstances EXCEPT __.

prolonged feelings of sadness, worthlessness, inadequacy, and helplessness

Research has shown that the stress of caregiving for a relative with Alzheimer's disease

slows the body's wound-healing process.

The hormone hypothesis is based on __.

the idea that there is a link between hormonal change and depression and mood swings in women

Alzheimer's disease disproportionately affects women because of all of the following EXCEPT

their brains are more vulnerable to the degeneration that causes this disease.

Researchers have found that men often tend to undermine conversations by giving no response or by using a __, such as a long pause, followed by a barely interested "um hmm." a. filled pause b. tag question c. conversation maintainer d. delayed minimal pause

D. delayed minimal pause

Based on prevalence statistics, which of the following individuals would be most likely to develop an eating disorder?

Meg, a 23-year-old, White female whose parents are attorneys

Challenging an American Indian woman's reluctance to immediately communicate her reason for seeking help, or not averting one's own eyes regularly when a client does not utilize eye contact, represent examples of __ on the part of a therapist or counselor.

a lack of cultural competence

Which of the following has been found by researchers studying sexual orientation differences in women's friendships in the United States? a. Lesbians emphasize equality and trust within friendship more than heterosexual women do. b. Among lesbians, friendship with other women is not valued unless it is part of a romantic partnership. c. Lesbians are less likely than heterosexual women to develop close friendship groups. d. Heterosexual women place more value on similar interests, understanding, and support when evaluating friendships with women than lesbians do.

a. Lesbians emphasize equality and trust within friendship more than heterosexual women do.

affirmative action is practiced __ a. only in the United States b. only in countries where gender-based discrimination is still legal c. in many Western coutnries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, and France d. only in North America

a. only in the United States

To date, researchers have found that __. a. there is little difference in the way women and men define sexual harassment b. very few individuals actually leave their jobs because of sexual harassment c. men are more likely to perceive behavior as harassing than women d. there are large differences in the way women and men define sexual harassment

a. there is little difference in the way women and men define sexual harassment

A secret language that could be written and read only by women flourished for nearly a thousand years in one province of __. a. China b. India c. Canada d. Russia

a. China

In __ in the late 1970s, there was a higher percentage of women employed outside the home than in most Western capitalist countries. However, women workers are now the last hired and first fired, and 70 percent of jobless young people in the cities are female. a. China b. England c. Japan d. the United States

a. China

Emily Filardo's study of social interactions among same-race, mixed-gender groups showed that the group in which simple positive responses expressing nothing more than agreement (such as "yeah," "uh huh") made up the highest proportion of speech acts was __. a. African-American men b. European-American women c. European-American men d. African-American women

b. European-American women

women, more often than men, are segregated into jobs that __. a. are unpleasant b. do not pay well c. are very difficult d. none of the above

b. do not pay well

Research on women combining employment and family roles shows that __. a. none of the above b. employed women appear to be happier and healthier than homemakers, except when they have infants to care for c. women who try to combine these things usually suffer ill health and depression d. employed women have a higher risk of heart disease than homemakers

b. employed women appear to be happier and healthier than homemakers, except when they have infants to care for

In collectivist or interdependence-oriented cultures, women's friendships __. a. seem to place even more emphasis on self-disclosure than in individualistic culture b. seem to place less emphasis on self-disclosure than in individualistic cultures c. are rarely built around shared activities and working together d. are not as important as in individualistic culture

b. seem to place less emphasis on self-disclosure than in individualistic cultures

Until recently, many women office workers in Japan did not report comments about their bodies as sexual harassment because __. a. they are not bothered by such comments b. such comments reassure them that they are still regarded as "flowers of the office," and so their jobs are secure c. there is not mechanism in Japan for dealing with sexual harassment complaints

b. such comments reassure them that they are still regarded as "flowers of the office," and so their jobs are secure

In a study in which undergraduate students were asked to state the extent to which gender had played a role in the selection of an applicant for a graduate degree program, __. a. most of the students said, in all conditions, that gender played no role in the selection b. the students tended to assume that the only woman selected for the program had been selected because of her gender c. the students tended to assume that the only man selected for the program had been selected because of his gender d. none of the above

b. the students tended to assume that the only woman selected for the program had been selected because of her gender

In the United States, the 1972 law called Title IX

bars sex discrimination in educational programs receiving government financial assistance.

Research on social interactions between African American men and women suggest greater gender equality. This appears to be due to __. a. African American men's tendency to interrupt only to show support or agreement b. African American men's tendency to be tentative, polite, and accommodating c. African American women's tendency to be active and assertive d. none of the above

c. African American women's tendency to be active and assertive

A central theme in North American girls' and women's friendships is __. a. play and sports b. shared academic interests and goals c. talking and self-disclosure d. competition

c. talking and self-disclosure

Studies on the use of "he" and "man" as generic terms show that __. a. such usage has no effect on the way people think b. the use of these terms to refer to "people in general" makes women feel included c. these terms are likely to make listeners think of men rather than of people d. the use of these terms to refer to "people in general" makes women feel special and admired

c. these terms are likely to make listeners think of men rather than of people

Studies show that, on average, when women work outside the home __. a. men take on a much bigger share of the childcare b. their male partners take on a significantly larger share of domestic work c. these women still do most of the domestic work in their households

c. these women still do most of the domestic work in their households

With respect to seeking help and advice for health problems,

women in developed countries visit physicians more often than men do.