Test1

The nurse determines there is no need for further instruction related to a low-sodium diet when the patient says:

"I'm going to eat my favorite avocado and orange salad."

An example of a hypotonic intravenous solution is:

0.45% normal saline

____________ is the acid-base imbalance caused by slow, shallow respirations, respiratory congestion or obstruction.

Respiratory acidosis

To help prevent respiratory acidosis in a young person with asthma, the nurse would encourage:

deep-breathing exercises every 2 hours.

Which of these measures should be included in the care of a patient with severe vomiting and diarrhea?

Correcting potassium deficit

The count of the solution in the IV container at the beginning of the shift is 800 mL. A new 1000-mL bag was hung during the shift and has 650 mL left at the end of the shift. The nurse reports the IV fluid intake for the shift as ______ mL.

1150

The normal range for serum sodium is ____________

135-145

An IV bag has 350 mL remaining. It is infusing at 35 gtt/min and a 15 gtt/mL set is being used. How many MINUTES will it take to finish?

150 minutes

The patient taking furosemide (Lasix) to correct excess edema shows a weight loss of 5.5 pounds in 24 hours. The nurse calculates this weight loss to be the excretion of approximately _____ liters of fluid

2.5

In medical terminology, the suffix "pnea" refers to

Respiration's

A nurse enters a client's room to check who began receiving a blood transfusion 45 minutes earlier. The client is flushed and dyspneic. The nurse listens to the client's lung sounds and notes the presence of crackles in the lung bases. The client states that she was just going to ring the call bell for the nurse. The nurse determines that this client is most likely experiencing which of the following complications of blood transfusion therapy?

Fluid overload

The nurse can record that the compensatory mechanism for the correction of metabolic acidosis is in effect when the nurse observes:

Kussmaul's respirations

___________ is the acid-base imbalance that is usually caused by vomiting, excessive intake of Tums, and hypokalemia.

Metabolic alkalosis

Mrs. Sandy is a 45-year-old female admitted to the nursing unit with a severe asthma attack. She has been experiencing increasing shortness of breath since admission three hours ago. Her arterial blood gas result is as follows: pH=7.22, PaCO2=55, HCO3=25, and paO2=72. Interpret the ABG results.

Respiratory acidosis with hypoxia

_____________ is the acid-base imbalance caused by hyperventilation

Respiratory alkalosis

When planning care for a patient who will receive a blood transfusion, the LPN/LVN should ensure that:

There is a signed consent.

The nurse assessign a patietn with vomiting and diarrhea observes thta the urine is scant and concentrated. The nurse explains that the compensatory reabsorption of water is controlled by:

antidiuretic hormone in the posterior pituitary.

Because a patient has generalized edema, the patient is likely to:

be unable to eliminate excess sodium

The nurse is checking IV sites carefully for signs of infiltration, which are:

burning sensation, pain and puffy site

While the nurse is washing the face of a patient in renal failure, the patient demonstrates a spasm of the lips and face. The nurse examines the recent electrolyte levels to assess the level of:

calcium

Hyperkalemia requires treatment because excess potassium can result in

cardiac dysrhythmias

Foods that are high in sodium include (choose all that apply)

ham preserved meats olives

The K+ laboratory report shows a level of 5.2 mEq/L. The nurse will assess the patient closely for:

irregular heartbeat.

Infiltration

leakage of infused fluid into surrounding tissues characterized by a burning sensation abd swelling

The patient with long-term obstructive pulmonary disease has a pH of 7, HCO3- of 18 mEq/L, and a PaCO2 of 40mmHg. From this laboratory information, the nurse assess the patient is in:

metabokic acidosis

The patient who has had diarrhea for the last 3 days has blood gases of pH of 7.1, HCO3 of 20 mEq/L, and PCO2 of 36 mmHg. The nurse recognized these values indicate:

metabolic acidosis

Mr. Don is a 55-year-old male admitted to your nursing unit with a recurring bowel obstruction. He has been experiencing intractable vomiting for the last several hours despite the use of antiemetics. Here is his arterial blood gas result: pH=7.50, PaCO2=42, HCO3=33, and PaO2=84. Interpret the ABG results

metabolic alkalosis

The best data indicating effectiveness of interventions for an elderly patient with a fluid volume deficit is:

moist mucous membranes in the mouth

What major sign/symptom would you associate with hyponatremia?

muscle cramps

When discontinuing an IV, the nurse will:

observe the site redness, swelling, and pain and put on clean gloves. Remove the dressing and catheter, ensure catheter is intact, place a 2X2 dressing over the site, and chart finding and action.

The nurse uses a diagram to demonstrate how in dehydration the water is drawn into the plasma fro the cells by the process of:

osmosis.

An elderly female is in the emergency department for severe anxiety. Her respirations are 30 per minute with deep excursions. The patient most likely manifests sings and symptoms of:

respiratory alkalosis

Mr. Worried, a 52-year-old, enters the ED complaining of shortness of breath, chest pain, and tingling in fingers. His breathing is shallow and rapid. There are no ECG changes. While he is being worked up an ABG is done. ABG results are as follows: pH=7.48, PaCO2=28, HCO3=22, PaO2=85. Interpret ABG results.

respiratory alkalosis

The nurse is assessing a patient with renal failure and notes fatigue, muscle cramps, mental confusion, and headache. The nurse will monitor the patient's ________ level

sodium

The nurse explains that the active transport process that is able to move sodium and potassium into or out of cells is:

sodium pump.

When a patient shows signs of a transfusion reaction, the nurse must:

stop the transfusion, keep the intravenous line open with normal saline, and notify the physician.

The nurse flushing a PRN lock will select the appropriate fluid and will clear the lumen by:

using slow, gentle pressure.