TExES 391 Core Subjects EC-6 Science [Life Science Study Set #1]

Insects

Animals that typically have: no backbone (invertebrates), a hard outer covering (exoskeleton), three body parts (head, thorax, abdomen), antennae, 3 pairs of legs

Prokaryotes

Any cellular organism that has no nuclear membrane

Eukaryotes

Any organism having a cell type that contains a nucleus and specialized organelles

Budding/Vegetative Propagation

Asexual reproduction involving branching off of the main organism

Respiratory System

Brings oxygen into the bloodstream and releases carbon dioxide from the bloodstream

Taxonomic Hierarchy

Classification system used to categorize all living organisms. The classification starts with the most inclusive group according to characteristics (domain) and ends with the most specific (species)

Cytoplasm

Clear, jelly-like substance in plant and animal cells made up mostly of water

Reptiles

Cold-blooded animals that have a backbone (vertebrate) and dry, scaly skin. Live on land

Amphibians

Cold-blooded animals that have a backbone (vertebrate) and smooth, moist skin, Lay their eggs in water, but adults live on land

Urinary System/Excretory System

Controls water balance and removes wastes from the bloodstream

Reproductive System

Creates gametes (male: sperm, female: eggs) and facilitates creating offspring

Nervous System

Detects and processes information and activates body responses to that information

Muscular System

Moves body parts working with the skeletal system (ex: leg) or materials (ex: food via intestine, blood via heart)

Archaea/Archaebacteria

Single celled organisms that sometimes live in extreme places where life wasn't expected to be found, such as around hot water vents deep in the ocean

Nerve Cell

Specialized cells that either receive messages or send them

Mammals

Warm-blooded animals that typically: have three bones in their ears, have hair, and produce milk for their young

Haploid

A type of cell with half the genetic material normally present; a gamete or sex cell

Tissue

A group of similar cells

Plant Kingdom

Eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic organisms (producers)

Animal Kingdom

Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms (consumers)

Fungi Kingdom

Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms feeding on dead matter (decomposers)

Protists Kingdom

Eukaryotic, single-celled, but not an animal, plant, or fungus

Ribosome

Organelle that makes proteins for the cell

Transpiration

Process of evaporation in which water exits as vapor from the surface of plant leaves

Endocrine System

Produces hormones that are used by other parts of the body to regulate, react, or grow

Lymphatic System/Immune System

Protects body from disease and infection and removes excess water around the organs

Integumentary System

Protects the internal parts of the body from foreign matter, regulates body temperature, and gets rid of some wastes such as water and salt through perspiration

Skeletal System

Protects the organs, gives the body structure and support, works with the muscular system for movement, and stores essential minerals like calcium

Asexual Reproduction

Reproduction using the genetic material from only one parent. Offspring are created via mitosis and genetically identical to parents

Cross-Pollination

Sexual reproduction using the genetic material from two plants; pollen from one plant fertilizes the egg of another

Adipose Tissue

Stores fat to protect and cushion the organs of the body

Centrioles

The cell organelles which organize the spindle and pull chromosomes apart during mitosis. Found only in animal cells

Style

The flower structure which supports the stigma; the tube down which pollen travels to the ovary

Filament

The plant reproductive structure which supports the anther

Cardiovascular/Circulatory System

Transports material (ex. oxygen) throughout the body

Non-Vascular Plant

Type of plant that does not have an internal transport system

Coniferous Tree

Type of tree that do NOT shed all of their leaves at a specific time/event (such as winter)

Deciduous Tree

Type of tree that shed all of their leaves at a specific time/event (such as winter)