TExES 391 Core Subjects EC-6 Science [Life Science Study Set #1]
Insects
Animals that typically have: no backbone (invertebrates), a hard outer covering (exoskeleton), three body parts (head, thorax, abdomen), antennae, 3 pairs of legs
Prokaryotes
Any cellular organism that has no nuclear membrane
Eukaryotes
Any organism having a cell type that contains a nucleus and specialized organelles
Budding/Vegetative Propagation
Asexual reproduction involving branching off of the main organism
Respiratory System
Brings oxygen into the bloodstream and releases carbon dioxide from the bloodstream
Taxonomic Hierarchy
Classification system used to categorize all living organisms. The classification starts with the most inclusive group according to characteristics (domain) and ends with the most specific (species)
Cytoplasm
Clear, jelly-like substance in plant and animal cells made up mostly of water
Reptiles
Cold-blooded animals that have a backbone (vertebrate) and dry, scaly skin. Live on land
Amphibians
Cold-blooded animals that have a backbone (vertebrate) and smooth, moist skin, Lay their eggs in water, but adults live on land
Urinary System/Excretory System
Controls water balance and removes wastes from the bloodstream
Reproductive System
Creates gametes (male: sperm, female: eggs) and facilitates creating offspring
Nervous System
Detects and processes information and activates body responses to that information
Muscular System
Moves body parts working with the skeletal system (ex: leg) or materials (ex: food via intestine, blood via heart)
Archaea/Archaebacteria
Single celled organisms that sometimes live in extreme places where life wasn't expected to be found, such as around hot water vents deep in the ocean
Nerve Cell
Specialized cells that either receive messages or send them
Mammals
Warm-blooded animals that typically: have three bones in their ears, have hair, and produce milk for their young
Haploid
A type of cell with half the genetic material normally present; a gamete or sex cell
Tissue
A group of similar cells
Plant Kingdom
Eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic organisms (producers)
Animal Kingdom
Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms (consumers)
Fungi Kingdom
Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms feeding on dead matter (decomposers)
Protists Kingdom
Eukaryotic, single-celled, but not an animal, plant, or fungus
Ribosome
Organelle that makes proteins for the cell
Transpiration
Process of evaporation in which water exits as vapor from the surface of plant leaves
Endocrine System
Produces hormones that are used by other parts of the body to regulate, react, or grow
Lymphatic System/Immune System
Protects body from disease and infection and removes excess water around the organs
Integumentary System
Protects the internal parts of the body from foreign matter, regulates body temperature, and gets rid of some wastes such as water and salt through perspiration
Skeletal System
Protects the organs, gives the body structure and support, works with the muscular system for movement, and stores essential minerals like calcium
Asexual Reproduction
Reproduction using the genetic material from only one parent. Offspring are created via mitosis and genetically identical to parents
Cross-Pollination
Sexual reproduction using the genetic material from two plants; pollen from one plant fertilizes the egg of another
Adipose Tissue
Stores fat to protect and cushion the organs of the body
Centrioles
The cell organelles which organize the spindle and pull chromosomes apart during mitosis. Found only in animal cells
Style
The flower structure which supports the stigma; the tube down which pollen travels to the ovary
Filament
The plant reproductive structure which supports the anther
Cardiovascular/Circulatory System
Transports material (ex. oxygen) throughout the body
Non-Vascular Plant
Type of plant that does not have an internal transport system
Coniferous Tree
Type of tree that do NOT shed all of their leaves at a specific time/event (such as winter)
Deciduous Tree
Type of tree that shed all of their leaves at a specific time/event (such as winter)