TEXES PE: EC-12

Benefit of balanced diet: weight control

A balanced diet can help maintain a healthy body weight; an imbalanced diet, especially one that includes more than the recommended amounts of sugars and fats, can increase body weight.

Benefit of a balanced diet: cosmetic benefits

A balanced diet can improve skin and hair quality.

4. Strategy that helps create an inclusive curriculum for ELLs

Incorporate physical activities that are part of the ELLs' home culture. Use these activities to help increase all students' cultural awareness, but do so in a culturally sensitive way.

6-7 years gross motor skills

Kicks ball with accuracy. Rides a two-wheeled bike without training wheels.

Assessments in PE

Large class sizes, different levels of physical ability, and varied exposure to sports and activities make assessments harder. With

Treating an ankle sprain

RICE -rest -ice -compress -elevate

Force absorption

he process of decreasing the force of impact to prevent impact-related injuries and lessen physical stress on the body. Giving with the incoming force, allocating the force over a larger area, and establishing a support base are three ways to disperse force in movement. Example: When a boxer extends the arm for a jab punch, they refrain from locking the elbow and shoulder joints. A slight bend in the joints and a wide stance allows the boxer to absorb the opposing force from the punch with the whole body, rather than concentrating the full impact to the fist.

Flexibility

he range of motion for a given joint. Joint specific.

Quackary

health fraud. Promotion of ignorant medical practices.

aerobic conditioning places the workload on the

heart and lungs

Manipulative Skills / Object Control Skills

help students learn to handle and move objects.

Supporting role (running)

legs are in this during running. Making contact with the ground.

walking

one foot remains in contact with the ground, is the first locomotor skill we master (after crawling). Most children begin walking when they are around a year old, and their early attempts are marked by a wide, rotating gait and short steps. By the time they reach the age of three, most children have established a mature gait pattern. By seven, most children exhibit the mature walking gait of an adult, in which the toes face forward (not inward or outward) and gait speed and distance are well-regulated.

How exercise helps self-expression

one may express themselves through dance. Running, hiking and yoga are great ways to be mindful of your feelings and increase this

Endocrine system

produces hormones that are used by other parts of the body to regulate, react, or grow Ex: pituitary gland

"sugar free" marketing claim

product may not have naturally occurring sugar, it usually includes chemical sweeteners that can cause digestive distress and send confusing signals to the body, causing it to crave more. Instead of processed food with these substitutes, stick to natural sugar sources, such as fresh fruit and fruit juice, maple syrup, honey, and agave nectar instead.

lympatic/immune system

protects body from disease and infection and removes excess water from around the organs Ex: white blood cells

readiness

refers to a student's capacity to learn a motor skill.

18 months fine motor skills

scribbles with a crayon. Stacks two or more blocks.

metabolism

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

When planning learning and practice opportunities for students numerous factors must be considered

the curriculum, student levels, class size, individual needs, learning environment, goals, teaching methods, and more.

equipment for cardiorespiratory and endurance

Treadmills, stair climbers, exercise bikes, rowing machines, and other aerobic exercise machines Equipment such as jump ropes

Muscular endurance

ability of muscles to sustain or repeat muscular activity over time.

Students should be able to understand that what leads to good long-term physical health AND psychological health?

adequate rest, dietary choices - including nutritionally balanced meals and healthy eating habits - regular exercise, and avoiding the use of drugs and alcohol

Negative side effects to anabolic steroids

aggression, hormonal issues, depression, mood swings, high cholesterol, and cardiovascular issues.

Respiratory system

brings oxygen into the bloodstream and releases carbon dioxide from the bloodstream Ex: lungs

How is aerobic capacity evaluated

by utilizing estimates of VO2 max

reproductive system

creates gametes (male: sperm, female: eggs) and facilitates creating offspring Ex: Ovaries

Orienteering

ctivity that requires students to employ navigational skills by utilizing a map and a compass to find a series of checkpoints. The goal is typically to locate all the checkpoints in the least amount of time. Is ideal due to minimum costs and resources.

Grains

cultivated cereal products used as food. Recommended 3-8 servings a day.

Effects of drug abuse among teenagers and college athletes

difficulty concentrating, working memory issues, and failure to correctly process information, Depression and difficulty navigating life, skipping school, stealing, and alienating themselves from others.

Balance issues can make someone feel

dizzy, unsteady, or lightheaded

Teaching safety in PE

don't assume that students are aware of safety precautions to take with each activity. Make students aware of safety requirements for every activity and post safety guidelines in a highly visible location for students. When new equipment is utilized, conduct safety orientations regarding proper use.

Attribution Theory- individuals base their achievements into one of four circumstance

effort, ability, difficulty level, or luck.

Fair play

emphasizes honor, honesty, and sportsmanship in games and sports involving competition. Entails many things, including taking turns, sharing equipment, working together, winning without cheating, following the rules of the game, not quitting, playing safely, and ensuring equal playing time for all.

Create a plan for how students will

enter the gym sit for instruction and roll call retrieve and return equipment give you their attention exit the gym

kyphosis

exaggerated, forward rounding of the back. Most common with older women but can occur at any age. Individuals with this often have an abnormally curved spine. There are several different types, including postural, age-related, post-traumatic, Scheuermann's, and congenital.

Four hitting styles

forehand, backhand, underhand, overhead

homogeneous groups

groups composed of students with similar abilities, achievement, etc.

heterogeneous groups

groups consisting of individuals who do not share much in common with each other

propulsion

lasts from heel lift to toe off(in which the toe leaves the ground, propelling the limb forward). In this stage, the foot is rigid and acts as a lever.

1lb of body weight = how many calories

3500

having good posture helps

develop strength, balance, and flexibility in the body. Injuries also decrease due to a decrease in stress on muscles and ligaments.

outdoor education

An approach to physical education that occurs in an outdoor classroom

Takeoff Phase

In horizontal jumping, the jumper rapidly and vigorously extends the hips, knees, and ankles while vigorously swinging the arms in the desired direction of travel, allowing the body to become airborne. Advanced jumpers fully extend their bodies. The angle of take-off is approximately 45 degrees. In vertical jumping, the jumper forcefully extends the hips, knees, and ankles while simultaneously lifting the arms upward. The jumper's head is tilted upward, and the eyes are on the target.

The most commonly used youth physical fitness assessment

Fitness gram

prepatory phase

In horizontal jumping, this phase consists of a crouch (with flexion at the hips, knees, and ankles), followed by a backward swing of the arms. In vertical jumping, this phase consists of a crouch with knee flexion from 60 degrees to 90 degrees.

"0g fat" marketing claim

Food companies are allowed to have up to 0.5 g trans fat in an item and still market it as 0 g fat. Trans fat is the worst type of processed fat, lowering "good" cholesterol and raising "bad" cholesterol. It's best to check the food label carefully to avoid inadvertently consuming trans fat.

Examples of cardiovascular exercises

Running, walking, swimming, biking, interval training, boxing, and dancing

No Child Left Behind

Signed into law in 2002. Addresses accountability of school personnel for student achievement with the expectation that every child will demonstrate proficiency in Reading, Math, and Science.

Body composition

The body's ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass (bones, muscles, and organs).

weight loss

calories consumed < calories burned

weight gain

calories consumed > calories burned

To execute a mature punt

1. Keep eyes focused on the ball. 2. Step forward onto the non-kicking foot. 3. Hold the ball with both hands in front of the body at hip height. 4. Bend the kicking leg back with a 90-degree swing. 5. Release the ball from the hand that's on the same side as the kicking leg. 6. In football, contact the ball with the top of the foot; in soccer, contact the ball with the instep. 7. During the kick, move the arm opposite of the kicking leg forward. 8. Follow the kick through in the direction of the target; the kick should be high.

Six steps of catching

1. Move the body into position so that it is in line with the object that is to be caught. 2. Focus the eyes on the object. 3. Outstretch and relax the arms and bend the elbows slightly so that they are facing downward. 4. Extend and relax the hands and fingers. 5. Establish contact with the object with the hands only. 6. The hands, arms, shoulders, and elbows relax to help absorb the object's force.

Preparatorty phase (throwing)

1. Pivot the body to the right and place weight on the right foot. Swing the throwing arm backward and upward.

Steps for kicking

1. Place the non-kicking foot beside the ball. 2. Maintain eye contact with the ball. 3. Draw the leg back and swing it forward, making contact behind the center of the ball with the instep (not the toes). 4. For aim and power, follow through with the kicking motion after making contact with the ball

Basic AED steps

1. Power on the AED unit: Place the device near the victim's head and listen to the prompts. It can be used on adults, children, and infants. 2. Apply the AED pads: Expose the chest, wipe it dry, and place the pads exactly on the victim as pictured on the device. 3. Deliver the shock: Ensure that no one is touching any part of the victim, including the victim's clothes. Rescuer announces, "All clear," and then presses the button to deliver the shock.1. 1,

Levels of Don Hellion's model for teaching personal and social responsibility to students through physical activity

1. Respect: respecting others, learning that everyone can be involved, self-control, walking away from conflicts 2. Effort: motivation, learning to try your best, teamwork 3. Self-direction: setting personal fitness goals and working to achieve them, learning to work independently 4. Caring: compassion, leadership, what is best for everyone 5. Outside the classroom: utilizing all of the above components on a daily basis outside of class

To dribble with feet

1. Slightly bend the knees. 2. Hold arms out for balance. 3. Tap the ball back and forth with the inside of the foot. 4. Keep the ankle locked and the toe slightly up.

To dribble with one hand

1. Slightly bend the knees. 2. Lightly push the ball down by spreading the fingers and flexing the wrist. 3. When the ball bounces, keep it at waist height or lower. 4. Continue tapping the ball with an undulating motion, like an ocean wave.

Examples of flexibility exercises

1. Static stretching 2. Dynamic stretching exercises 3. Yoga, Pilates, tai chi, and barre workouts all involve flexibility exercises. 4. Isometric stretching 5. Ballistic stretching

Vitamin D

(fat-soluble); needed for absorption of calcium, stored in bones. When exposed to sunlight, the skin can make vitamin D.

Vitamin B

(including thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, B-6, B-12, and folate) water-soluble; an important part of an enzyme necessary for energy metabolism, making DNA and red blood cells, and important to nerve function.

Heavy students in PE- meeting their needs

-Additional opportunities for hydration. -Increased warm-up and cool-down time. -Alternative activities to exercises that require students to lift their own weight (pull-ups, rope climbing, etc.). -A cooler, less humid environment to help aid in thermoregulation. -Incorporating low-impact cardiovascular activities such as cycling and rowing. -Incorporating slow-moving activities and softer equipment for students with balance and mobility problems. -Using equipment that can be adapted to a variety of body types and shapes.

Risks of inactivity

-Risk of developing heart disease and/or stroke -Risk of developing diabetes -Risk of some cancers -Risk of developing poor bone density, putting one at greater risk for fractures -Risk of being overweight or obese -Greater risk of falls and/or accidents -Risk of loss of independence and incurring the need for assistance

First aid to minor open wound

-Wash the cut with soap and water and pat to dry. -Have the person apply an antibiotic ointment to the cut themselves. -Place a bandage over the cut to keep it protected.

3 main outcomes possible when analyzing calories and exercise

1. weight loss 2. weight gain 3. weight maintenance

Attribution Theory- 3 categories for describing success or failure

1.internal or external 2.stable or unstable 3. controllable or uncontrollable.

Execution phase (throwing)

2. . With the left foot, stride forward in the direction that the object is to be thrown. 3. Rotate the hips, spine, and shoulders counterclockwise while retracting the throwing arm to the final point of its reversal. 4. Medially rotate the upper arm and extend the forearm with a whipping action. 5. Release the ball when it is just past the head and the arm is extended at the elbow

Main categories of perceptual-motor development

1. body awareness 2. directional awareness 3. spatial awareness 4. temporal awareness

The five components of fitness are

1. cardiovascular endurance 2. muscular endurance 3. muscular strength 4. flexibility 5. body composition.

Students in grades 6-8 must receive

30 minutes per day or 225 minutes per week for a minimum of four semesters. These time requirements must be met through physical education classes, not recess.

TEKS for PE

1. knowledge and skills for movement that provide the foundation for enjoyment 2, continued social development through physical activity 3. access to a physically-active lifestyle 4. understanding of the relationship between physical activity and health throughout the lifespan

how long should older adults exercise

150 minutes (two and a half hours) of activity weekly, focusing on muscular strengthening, aerobic, and balance training.

Face (Stroke)

Are they suffering from any paralysis in the face? Ask them to smile and see if one side is uneven.

ClassI obesity

BMI 30-34.9

Class II Obesity

BMI 35-39.9

How PE can integrate performing arts

Incorporating rhythm and tempo activities Teaching a variety of dances Having students create routines or dances (gymnastics, dance, scarves, and juggling) Playing music from a variety of cultures and backgrounds

Body mass index underweight child

Less than the 5th percentile

Examples of healthy fats

Nuts, seeds, avocado, healthy oils,

Target heart rate

The ideal rate your heart should be beating per minute during exercise to have sufficient exercise intensity.

Fitness gram

a criterion-referenced assessment with established standards for each age and gender created to assess aerobic capacity, muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. For overall health, not athletic ability.

Asthma

a serious chronic respiratory condition that causes difficulty in breathing

examples of saturated fats

animal fats - coconut oil, butter, beef fat, palm oil, lard, and chicken fat

examples of nonlocomotor skills

bending, stretching, twisting, swaying, wiggling, shaking, balancing

biomechanics

centered around the study of human movement and the laws of physics and mechanics as they relate to human performance.

childhood stress has long-term negative impacts on

child development. Frequently experiencing physical responses to stressful situations (including changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism) can lead to long-term chronic health consequences, including obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure.

Perceptual-motor development

combines a child's sensory skills (brain) and motor skills (body) to synchronize body movements and perform a variety of movements allowing them to interact with their environment.

Urinary/Excretory system

controls water balance and removes wastes from the bloodstream Ex: kidneys

World Health Organization (WHO)

deals with health, human rights, food safety, nutrition, and preventive health. Also releases various health fact sheet reports and recent medical news related to public health, preventive health, and medicine.

Combination movements

demonstrate the importance of knowing and practicing basic motor skills, including locomotor, non-locomotor, and manipulative skills prior to combining them in various sports and activities.

Let's Move Initiative

designed to decrease childhood obesity, encourage healthy lifestyles for children, and increase the amount of physical education students receive.

Promote recovery

encourage confidence in the patient, attempt to relieve pain until medical professionals arrive.

Animal products

excellent source of protein, but they can also be a source of fat.

Equipment for flexibility

foam tubes help stretch muscles resistance bands help build strength

Recreational sports and activities

focus on basic motor skills and movement for fitness, recreational activities, and lifetime sports. Ex: walking, jogging, cycling, yoga, aquatics

sport education model (SEM)

focuses on actual sports seasons and athletic teams as the grounds for planning and teaching units of instruction. Involves students guiding their own learning. typically used in middle and high school physical education classes.

Prevent deterioration

get the person in a comfortable position, provide comfort, and prevent further damage by using first aid techniques to stop bleeding or swelling of tissues.

Fair competition

governed by the rules of the sport, which serve to ensure fair play and correct determination of the winner.

Being flexible means

greater mobility and greater range of motion.

Buoyancy

he upward force from the pressure of fluid that keeps objects afloat. Objects float when they have a positive buoyant force, or when they weigh less than the same volume of fluid that they displace. Example: A swimmer floats when the pressure exerted from the water on the swimmer is greater than the pressure exerted by the swimmer on the water. Changing position in the water can affect buoyancy. Floating on the back in a star shape, spreads the swimmer's mass over a larger volume, increasing buoyancy compared to a submerged tuck position.t

Proteins

help the body grow and repair itself. Broken down into amino acids when consumed.

Time (Stroke)

if the individual is showing any of the above symptoms, call 911 immediately.

Intensity

involves increasing the difficulty of the workout. Ex: Increasing the amount of weights lifted or one's pace when running

Time

involves increasing the length of one's training session. Ex: adding more repetitions or adding fifteen additional minutes to the training session

Frequency

involves increasing the number of times an individual trains per week

Throwing

involves propelling an object away from the body and toward a chosen target.6 steps

Nutritious options for proteins

lean cuts of meat and poultry, oily fish (which also provide omega-3 fatty acids), eggs, nuts, seeds, beans, legumes, low-fat dairy products, and soy products

"organic" marketing claim

means that the product was produced without the use of hormones, genetically modified ingredients, additives, antibiotics and/or radiation. It does not mean that the product is automatically healthy, low in calories, or can be consumed in large quantities.

Forms of stress management

meditation, drawing, social support, proper rest, and mindfulness.

Minerals

needed by the body to perform many different tasks, including producing hormones, building bones, and regulating the heartbeat.

Heart rate

number of beats per minute

how exercise helps self-concept

people are more likely to see themselves positively when they are more energized, motivated, and confident.

Debriefing after group work

period at the end for students to reflect on their learning and how they can improve in the future.

5-6 years fine motor skills

puts together a 16-20 piece puzzle. Prints all numbers 0-9 and alphabet letters

Attending

requires the listener to face the speaker, maintain eye contact, and, if seated, lean forward. Lets the speaker know that the listener is interested in what they're saying

Responding

requires the listener to restate their interpretation of the speaker's message. If the interpretation was incorrect, this allows the speaker to clarify what they initially meant.

synovial fluid

secreted during warm-ups which decreases the likelihood of muscles experiencing wear and tear

signs of hypoglycemia

shakiness; nervousness; sweating, chills, and clamminess; irritability; confusion/delirium; rapid heartbeat; lightheadedness or dizziness; hunger and nausea; sleepiness; blurred or impaired vision; tingling or numbness in the lips or of the tongue; headaches; weakness or fatigue; sudden anger or sadness; lack of coordination; seizures; and unconsciousness.

Plyometrics

short and explosive and involve exercises like jumps, hops, and bounds

PE Professional development

should be based on teacher reflection and goal setting. The teacher should reflect on their strengths and weaknesses when deciding which professional development opportunities to attend.

Making sure planned activities are safe

should be developmentally appropriate and factors such as equipment utilized, student size and skill level, and experience should be considered.

Open Skills

skills that are affected by the setting. Occur in unpredictable , continuously changing situations so movements have to be revised depending on the situation. Affected by factors outside the performer's control. The opposition's skill level, weather factors, crowd participation, and previous plays are examples of factors that can affect situations. Situations include passing in football, hockey plays, and batting in softball.

Rhythmic Skills / Rhythmic Awareness

skills that help students sense and perform patterns of sound and motion

Closed skills

skills that occur in a stable, predictable setting. Typically self-paced. The individual performing the skill knows what to do, uses the same techniques for each situation, and is in control. Examples: squats, serving in tennis, performing a gymnastics routine

locomotor skills

skills used to move around, such as walking, running, and climbing

4-5 years gross motor skills

skips or makes running "broad jumps". Hops around on one foot without support

Aerobic exercises

speed walking, running, jogging, swimming, climbing stairs, bicycling, and playing sports that require active, vigorous movements will help improve cardiorespiratory fitness.

high intensity exercise

strenuous physical activity that can only be performed in short bouts before rest is necessary. Talking at all is very difficult during high-intensity exercise. Benefits the heart, lungs, muscles, skeletal system, aids in weight loss and also increases one's fitness level. Some examples include sprinting, jumping rope, and lifting heavy weights.

Work factors that affect health

stress (good/bad), productivity, safety, co-worker engagement, and overall satisfaction. Too much bad stress, lack of productivity, lack of safety, or minimal co-worker engagement can lead to a state of dissatisfaction, which often leads to poor health behaviors as a way of coping.

precision requests

structured, precise messages that increase the likelihood of student compliance.

Nearpod

student engagement platform. Educators can explore a library of lessons that have already been created or design their own. presentations can include virtual reality trips, quizzes, and polls.

student motivation

student's desire to participate

Peer assessments

students evaluating their peers' learning and having their learning evaluated by peers. Provide opportunities to give each other useful feedback and support each other.

Vitamins

substances that the body needs for growth and development.

Healthy exercises that help increase your balance

tai chi, yoga, gymnastics, stationary balances, and mind-body exercises.

important factors that typically determine whether an individual is ready to learn a motor skill

the individual's motor development and physical growth and the learner's experience and the environment when the skill is learned.

First aid

the initial care given to an individual who is injured or experiencing psychological distress or sickness before medical assistance arrives.

Muscular strength

the maximal force that a muscle can exert in a single, all-out effort.

Verbal mediation

to have the student state out loud the association between their actions and the consequences of their actions. If, for example, a student has achieved a particular milestone and earned a reward as a result, ask the student to state what they've done to merit the reward. Doing so will reinforce the connection between positive behavior and positive outcomes.

Overload

training must be increased gradually over time to put additional stress on the body to ensure it works harder than normal. Sometimes referred to as progression or progressive overload since training should be increased gradually. Gradually increasing workouts prevents plateaus and injuries.

1 year fine motor skills

transfers objects from one hand to the other

Station in PE

typically set up around the gym and the class is divided so that a few students are at each station and will rotate after a set time interval.

Motor task

various parts that must be developed and practiced in order for students to successfully complete the task

best locations for finding your pulse

wrists, side of your neck, inside of the elbow, top of the foot

endorphins

"morphine within"--natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure.

Vitamin C

(fat-soluble); antioxidant only found in plants, aids in iron absorption, part of an enzyme needed for protein metabolism, important in immune system function.

cardiorespiratory endurance

(sometimes known as cardiovascular endurance or aerobic capacity) refers to the body's ability to effectively intake oxygen, transport and deliver it by way of the heart, lungs, arteries, veins, and vessels to use during exercise.Requires the heart and lungs to work together to provide oxygen and fuel to the body during exercise.

Conditioning for Disc sports

- Agility drills - Shuttle runs - Strength training - Plyometrics

softball conditioning

- Agility drills - Sprints (varied distances) - Base running - Strength training

Conditioning for basketball

- Full and half-court sprints - Agility drills - Backpedaling sprints - Defensive slides - Jumping drills - Strength training

Conditioning for Field Hockey

- Jump rope - Jumping drills - Agility drills - Sprints - Distance running (endurance) - Strength training

Handball conditioning

- Sprints - Endurance runs - Agility drills - Strength training - Flexibility

soccer conditioning

- Sprints - Endurance runs - Agility drills - Strength training - Flexibility

Flag football conditioning

- Sprints - Tempo runs - Agility drills - Push-ups - Sit-ups

Volleyball conditioning

- Strength training - Plyometrics - Jumping drills - Agility drills - Interval training

body awareness includes

- identifying and locating the parts of the body -identifying body shapes and positions -demonstrating awareness of the body's movements -identifying the ways in which the body is used to communicate or express feelings -demonstrate awareness of muscle tension and relaxation

Directional awareness includes

- understanding concepts like left and right, top and bottom, up and down, front and back -the concept of laterality (the body has 2 sides) -the concept of directionality (applying laterality to the world around them) -awareness of body in space -relationships among objects as they travel through space

Speedaway

-11 players -objective is to advance the ball by dribbling on the ground, passing, punting, or running to score more points than the opposing team.

Conditioning for Baseball

-Agility drills - Sprints (varied distances) - Base running - Strength training

What factors affect motor development in children?

-Environmental factors -Emotional factors -Social factors -Health factors

How PE can integrate science

-Identifying bones in the skeletal system -Identifying muscles used for various activities -Having students move like the planets around the sun to act out the solar system -Highlighting science vocabulary such as friction, lever, speed, etc. -Playing tag games that incorporate science vocabulary such as habitat, fleeing, camouflage, etc. -Walking, jogging, and sprinting to calculate the average speed

To execute a forehand stroke

-Keep the eyes locked on the object. -Point the non-striking shoulder toward the target. -Step toward the target with the opposite foot. -Maintain eye contact as the object comes into contact with the bat or stick. -Follow through by swinging the arm across the chest.

steps to practice proper sportsmanship and sports etiquette

-Know the rules of the game -Try your best and put forth your best effort -Be respectful of teammates, coaches, competitors, spectators, and game officials -Be a gracious winner and do not brag or boast -Be a gracious loser and treat the winner with respect -Shake hands with the opponent at the conclusion of the game -Play safely and follow all game rules to ensure safety -Focus on effort more than outcomes -When mistakes are made, do not blame others -Support and encourage teammates

small students in PE- meeting their needs

-Lifting students to the starting position for activities such as pull-ups and rope climbing. -Avoiding dividing students into groups based on height. -Incorporating group activities that are friendly to all body types. -Using equipment that can be adapted to a variety of body types and shapes.

To help students with diabetes succeed in the course:

-Take special steps to help students meet their medical needs confidentially and privately. -Treat students with diabetes exactly like their peers. -Ensure the students have supplies, including a blood glucose monitoring system, available at all times and at activity sites. -Allow the students to monitor their blood glucose levels as outlined in their medical care plans. -Monitor the students for signs of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) during and after activity. -Always keep fast-acting glucose tablets or hard candies on hand, -Communicate concerns about the students' conditions to the school nurse or other health professionals -nform substitute teachers about the students' daily needs and action plans

Educators and coaches can use the following tips for teaching sportsmanship and positive team behaviors:

-Teach sportsmanship traits -Positively reinforce and praise individuals showing good sportsmanship -Expose students to positive traits of sportsmanship and respect in the media and in professional athletes that students may idolize -Set rules and expectations regarding sportsmanship, cooperation, and positive behaviors -As a coach or educator, be a positive role model yourself -Teach individuals how to stay calm in stressful situations -Teach respect -Focus on fairness and be consistent -Focus on the process and effort more than on winning -Discuss the importance of honesty and not cheating -Teach students how to deal with conflicts that they may encounter -Remind students and players that "it's just a game" -Model and practice winning and losing with respect

Apps for PE resources

-Team Shake allows users to fairly create groups or teams. -Sworkit and Sworkit Kids provide workout videos. -FIT Radio provides age-appropriate music. -Coach's Eye can be utilized to break down student performance and make improvements. -Map My Fitness and My Fitness Pal offer movement tracking and nutritional resources. -interval Timer Pro allows the user to create custom rotations and timers: great for activities, station rotations, and games. -Round Robin can be used to organize round-robin tournaments. -Remind allows educators to communicate and send reminders, upcoming dates, or images to parents and students via text.

Factors that negatively affect student's motivation

-They feel they cannot grasp or understand the material. -They are not sure what they are supposed to be doing/accomplishing in school or with an instructional unit. -They feel their education or what they are learning will not benefit them in the future. -They view the work as mundane or boring. -They do not have support or feel they do not have support within their family and/or the school. -They feel the work is beneath them. -They are not given an opportunity to demonstrate their content knowledge.

Precision request example

-Use "please" when making a request of the student. If the student complies within 5 seconds, thank them. -If the student does not comply within 5 seconds, make a follow-up request that begins with "I need." If the student complies with the follow-up request within 5 seconds, thank them. -If the student does not comply with the follow-up request within 5 seconds, deliver the predetermined consequence for non-compliance.

motivational strategies for unmotivated students

-assigning valuable tasks providing frequent positive feedback -including students in instructional decisions -de-emphasizing grades -making learning goals and objectives clear; tracking accomplishments -requiring all students to participate -calling on students randomly (not just students with hands raised) -providing extra wait time before calling on students

Sensory skills required for coordination and motor development

-auditory -kinesthetic -tactile -visual discrimination

how is body mass measured

-hydrostatic testing -skinfold tests -bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) -body fat percentage calculators

Benefits of dance and creative movement

-increase in confidence -improvements in self-esteem -learning cooperation when working with others on a team -respect for individuals and cultures -increase in creativity -learning problem-solving skills -improving physical strength, endurance, and body control -improving flexibility, posture, balance, and coordination -developing leadership and self-awareness -developing listening skills -building positive body image

strategies for improving spatial awareness

-obstacle courses and movement games, using blocks or legos to create structures, and verbalizing movements like in Simon Says

rhythmic skills consist of

-performing physical actions (clapping) in time with music or drum beats -choreographed dance moves

Spatial awareness includes

-recognizing the concept of personal space and respecting the personal space of others -safely moving within spaces -recognizing different directions -understanding how to change directions -understanding the different levels of movement -understanding how to make different paths through space -understanding how objects move through different pathways -adjusting one's range of motions to accommodate different tasks and situations

Athletes training intensely should also consider:

-rest and recovery -sufficient sleep -healthy and nutritious diet -proper warm ups and cool downs

Temporal awareness includes

-rhythm and sequence skills -cognitive learning skills such as reading and writing, which are influenced by temporal awareness with rhythm and timing -repeating daily routines which develops this -understanding and practicing various tempos, speeds, and rhythms -predicting movements of objects mo

Equipment for balance and coordination

-stability balls allow students to balance while remaining stationary, and stilts allow students to balance while in motion -Poly spots (round, non-slip adhesive vinyl discs) can be used to help students jump from one location to another -Rocker boards require students to keep their balance on a moving platform, are also useful for this purpose

Severe injury

3 p's. Preserve life, prevent deterioration, promote recovery

Jumping

4 phases: Prepatory, take off, flight, and landing

students should be participating in moderate to vigorous activity for how much of the class

50%

BMI healthy child

5th to the 84.9th percentile

Follow through phase (throwing)

6. After releasing the ball, continue the movement until momentum dissipates.

How long should children age 6-17 exercise

60 minutes daily

A mature running pattern

7. marked by long strides and fast speeds with a clearly marked flight phase. The body's trunk leans forward slightly, and arms are bent at right angles, pumping in opposition to the legs. The supporting leg is completely extended while the recovery thigh is parallel to the ground. The knee flexes so that the foot of the leg in recovery nearly reaches the buttocks.

BMI overweight child

85th to the 94.9th percentile

BMI obese child

95th percentile and above

Benefit of balanced diet: healthy body growth and development

A balanced diet is important for everyone, but especially for infants, children, and adolescents, whose bodies require the energy needed to develop and grow.

FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act)

A federal law that regulates the management of student records and disclosure of information from those records.

Depending on the student's needs, they may be placed in:

A general physical education class A general physical education class with peers or a teaching assistant A separate class setting with peers A separate class setting with assistants A one-to-one setting with the student and instructor

Performance enhancing drugs

A type of unlawful drug that can help to improve sporting performance

Benefit of a balanced diet: improved mental health

A well-balanced diet may boost energy, enhance memory, and decrease the risk of mood and mental health disorders.

Individualized Education Plan (IEP)

A written statement that spells out a program specifically tailored to a child with a disability.

overreaching

Acute condition that refers to imbalances in training without proper recovery or rest between workouts. If someone continually increases the duration, frequency, or intensity of workouts without proper recovery it might result in this. It is an acute condition and typically only requires a week or two to recover from. However, if one continues to do this for an extended period of time, overtraining is likely to result. This is more common because individuals typically notice the changes in their body and make changes. Sometimes this can even be positive as long as it is short-term and full recovery occurs.

PE teachers and confidentiality

All student records should remain confidential and be stored in a safe location within the school. Student information should not be shared among teachers in an area where others can hear or outside of school.

Scenario example of attribution theory

An individual who beats an opponent who typically loses will not feel much success or accomplishment, but an individual who beats an opponent who almost never loses will feel very successful, positive, and accomplished.

Arms (stroke)

Ask the individual to raise both arms and see if they can raise both to the same height. If not, that may be a sign of a stroke.

Formative Assessment

Assessment used throughout teaching of a lesson and/or unit to gauge students' understanding and inform and guide teaching. Assessments FOR learning.

Formative assessments

Assessments for learning. They occur regularly in the classroom setting and are used to improve learning and performance. Provide feedback to students. Some examples include checklists, observations, and rubrics.

Summative assessments

Assessments of learning. They provide a summary of student learning and are typically used at key stages such as the end of a unit, quarter, semester, or end of the year. Judge student performance and utilize standardized tests or evaluation tools.

Tall students in PE- meeting their needs

Avoiding dividing students into groups based on height. Incorporating group activities that are friendly to all body types. Using equipment that can be adapted to a variety of body types and shapes.

Class III Obesity

BMI 40 or greater

Biceps common exercises

Barbell curls, concentration curls, hammer curls, bicep curls, decline and incline dumbbell curls, chin-ups, seated cable rows, and bicep rows

Shoulder common exercises

Barbell overhead press, dumbbell fly, high pull, clean and press, front raise, lateral raise, dips, lateral plank walk, incline bench press, and reverse fly

medical concerns

Be aware of any medical conditions or concerns for all students. Any students with medications always have them when participating in activities during class in case of an emergency.Ensure students adhere to any doctor's notes that require modifications or for students to sit out of activities due to injury or illness.

Physical response to anaerobic exercise: weight training, HIIT, sprints, biking intervals, high intensity, shorter amount of time

Because of the higher intensity level, the body cannot keep up with taking in and circulating oxygen for fuel. So the body is forced to use glucose stored in muscle cells to power the activity in a process called glycolysis. Lactic acid is produced as a by-product that when built up enough causes muscles to feel tired, causing them to stop the activity. Over time a person is able to work at higher intensity levels for longer without lactic acid stopping them, known as increasing lactate threshold.

Back common exercises

Bent over rows, renegade row, single-arm dumbbell rows, inverted rows, barbell rows (overhand and underhand grip), cable rows, pull-ups, lat pulldown, deadlift, clean and press, and kettlebell swings

Trunk common exercises

Bird dog crunch, bent over fly, oblique reach, superman, circle planks on an exercise ball, and standing bicycle crunches

macrominerals

Body needs in large amounts. Ex: calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfur.

microminerals

Body needs smaller quantities. (sometimes known as trace minerals), which include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.

How do you determine BMR?

Body wt. /2.2 x (.9-f or 1-m) x 24

Relaxation

Can have a positive impact on health. Lowers the heart rate and boosts the immune system.

Speech (stroke)

Can the individual speak normally? Are they slurring their speech or unable to speak?

Triceps common exercises

Close-grip push-ups, triceps gravity press, triceps press down, close-grip bench presses, skull crushers, triceps kickbacks, triceps extensions, and tricep dips

Benefit of balanced diet: Preventing disease and infection

Consuming nutritious foods helps support the immune system by reducing inflammation in the body,

Social learning theory

Created by Albert Bandura. Suggests children learn by observing others. When they imitate the behavior, there will be a consequence, and if it is positive, then they are likely to repeat it. If the consequence is negative, then the behavior will likely decrease.

Attribution Theory

Created by Bernard Weiner. Suggests how we explain someone's behavior—by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition.

three reference systems that can be utilized in physical education

Criterion, norm-referenced, ipsative

Nutrition for those wanting to lose excess body weight

Eating a diet rich in plants, plant fats, and lean sources of protein with minimally processed items will allow the body to attain a naturally healthy state and body weight.

NO child left behind was replaced with what in 2015

Every student succeeds act

How exercise helps body image

Exercise helps to improve an individual's body appearance, which in turn enhances their body image and self-confidence.

FAST for a stroke

Face Arms Speech Time

Vitamin E

Fat soluble. antioxidant, protects cell walls.

Vitamin A

Fat soluble. needed for healthy vision, skin, mucous membranes, bones, teeth, and the immune system. Phytonutrient from plants is beta-carotene.

Vitamin K

Fat soluble. needed for proper blood clotting.

Glutes common exercises

Fire hydrants, single-leg bridges or hip thrusts, single-leg deadlifts, side-lying hip extensions, sumo squats, lunges, hip abductions, squats, and kettlebell swings

how to resolve conflicts

First, describe the problematic behavior in a neutral way. ("You are shouting.") Second, explain how the problematic behavior is affecting you and/or others in terms of facts. ("When you shout, we can't focus on our work.") Third, explain how the problematic behavior is affecting you and/or others in terms of feelings. ("Your shouting is distracting us, which makes us frustrated.") Fourth, use the active listening process to engage the student in a dialogue to determine the root causes of this misbehavior.

Safety in team sports

Follow the rules and play fairly. Use appropriate and proper-fitting equipment for sports. Examples of equipment include shin guards, mouth guards, helmets, and proper shoes or cleats. Ensure that individuals are physically and emotionally ready to participate in team sports. It is recommended that individuals have a physical performed by their doctor prior to participating in team sports, especially contact sports. Make sure coaches are aware of any previous medical conditions that require attention such as asthma, seizures, or allergies. Ensure that participants properly hydrate before, during, and after practice and games. Do not play in extreme weather conditions (heat or cold). Wear sunscreen when participating in outdoor sports. If a concussion or an injury is suspected, the player should be removed from the game or practice and examined by a medical professional. Limit the number of days of practice or games per week to decrease the risk of injury. Athletes need at least one or two days a week for recovery.

To help a student with asthma participate in physical activities:

Follow their asthma action plan, a document created by the student's healthcare provider. -Monitor the student's asthma symptoms through direct observation or by using a peak flow meter -Ensure that the student always has easy access to their medication. -Recognize asthma triggers and limit the student's exposure to them. -Always include low-intensity warm-up and cool-down activities to lessen the likelihood of triggering exercise-induced asthma. -When modification is necessary, adapt or lower the intensity of the student's activities, but still allow them to participate.

Follow through (striking)

For aim and power, follow through with the motion after making contact with the ball.

FITT

Frequency, intensity, time, type. A tool for accomplishing overload for individuals.

Asthma Action Plans are typically divided into three color-based zones:

Green, yellow, red

How PE can integrate Language Arts

Having students read warm-up directions or station directions Integrating spelling into relay races Integrating poetry and rhymes into a jump rope unit Playing basketball Scrabble (integrates spelling and math too) Integrating writing in reflective journals, assessments, and goal setting Creating an obstacle course based on a story students have read

positive results after an activity

Helps maintain healthy body weight Increases heart and lung fitness Strengthens the immune system Reduces chronic health risks Manages chronic conditions Keeps arteries clear Boosts mood Lowers resting heart rate Helps lower resting blood pressure Helps one maintain independence in aging Builds and maintains bone density

Environmental factors effect on motor development

Huge effect. The more opportunities children have to develop their fine and gross motor skills, the faster they develop. Children with exposure to playground equipment, playing outside, running, and jumping will develop gross motor skills more quickly. Children who are given opportunities to feed themselves, draw, color, and play with small objects develop fine motor skills more quickly.

Landing phase

In horizontal jumping, mature jumpers land with their thighs parallel to the surface. Upon landing, their center of gravity is located behind their feet, but they then flex their knees and thrust their arms forward to propel their center of gravity beyond their feet. In vertical jumping, mature jumpers land very close to their point of takeoff. Knees, ankles, and hips flex to absorb the shock.

1. strategy that helps create an inclusive curriculum for ELLs

Incorporate ELLs' native languages whenever possible. Something as simple as greeting students in their native languages will help them feel more welcomed. Also, teach all students the words for key activities (dribbling, passing, etc.) and interactions (greetings, thank yous, congratulations, etc.) so that they can communicate with one another and learn about other cultures

equipment for muscular strength and endurance

Incorporate weight lifting into the curriculum. You can use proper weights or alternatives such as books, cans, and bottles.

How PE can integrate health

Integrating fire safety and having firefighters visit Integrating nutrition through tag games Sorting foods by type in food groups Setting personal health and fitness goals

Creating rules for PE class

It is recommended that rules be kept to less than five total and that the students be involved in a discussion of what rules they think would be important for the physical education setting.

Focus (striking)

Keep attention focused on the object to be hit/struck.

Stance (striking)

Keep feet shoulder width apart, bend the knees, place weight on the toes, and hold the racquet or paddle in front of the body.

2 years gross motor skills

Kicks a ball forward

Time to improve one's BMI

Learning to prepare healthy food ahead of time, while sometimes costing an hour or two out of the week, can save money and improve one's regular food choices. Many complain they don't have enough time to "eat healthy," but planning ahead just a few meals a week can eliminate this problem.

6 months gross motor skills

Lifts head and chest when lying on stomach. Turns around when lying on stomach

Equipment for tumbling

Mats are used for safety when learning and practicing skills and come in a variety of sizes and thickness levels Wedge mats are inclined, which makes them ideal for learning forward and backward rolls, backbends, bridges, back handsprings and other basic tumbling skills Octagon mats roll with the tumbler and are ideal for learning walkovers, front handsprings, back handsprings, and leaps

VO2 max

Maximum oxygen uptake; most oxygen used when working the hardest you can

example of formative assessment

Observations, exit slips, anecdotal notes, checklists, and self-evaluations are common formative assessments.

How PE can integrate Math

Outlining shapes with one's body or a jump rope Tossing objects at shapes and identifying Skip counting to music and using basic locomotor skills Playing games that involve adding, subtracting, or multiplying to keep track of points earned Using movement to answer math flashcards Constructing graphs based on heart rate or pedometer steps

Communicating with parents

Parents should be aware of any issues that arise. If a student is injured in class, a parent should receive written documentation of the injury and the steps taken. Parents should sign consent forms for participation in physical education or special events to notify the parents of potential risks and give consent for their child to participate.

How PE can integrate social studies

Performing historical dances from particular areas or nationalities Acting out historical events Learning states or state capitals to music while jumping rope or dribbling Using pedometers to track distance across a state or the United States Playing games from different countries and highlighting important information about the country

Flight phase

Period when the jumper is in the air. In both horizontal and vertical jumping, mature jumpers reach full body extension.

What is an excellent source of stress management?

Physical activity

Making sure PE equipment is safe

Physical education teachers should perform walk-throughs to ensure the grounds are safe and any hazards are removed.It is also important to ensure that anytime equipment such as nets are installed for use that they are properly secured and checked regularly to ensure things have not shifted. Equipment such as climbing walls, ropes, and playground equipment should be checked regularly.

Abs common exercises

Planks, crunches, ab wheel rollouts, Russian twists, flutter kicks, leg raises, Russian twists, side planks, sit-ups, and bicycle crunches

health factors effect on motor development

Proper nutrition, healthy sleep patterns, access to medical care, and opportunities for active play affect motor development. Children with health issues typically develop at a slower rate. For instance, a child who was a late walker, has weak muscle tone, or has a diagnosed health condition is likely to develop later than other children.

Chest common exercises

Push-ups, chest press, chest fly, bench press, decline bench press, cable fly, single-arm and double-arm dumbbell bench press, and suspended push-ups

CPR Steps

Recognize an emergency (tap on the person and shout, "Are you ok?") Activate EMS (call 911) Check for breathing (put ear close to mouth to listen and feel for signs of breathing) Deliver 30 chest compressions (one hand on top of the other, arms straight, body weight over hands, press straight down onto chest with quick compressions) Airway: open the victim's airway with a slight head-tilt Give two rescue breaths (assure the chest rises and falls, showing air is entering the lungs) Continue this cycle until help arrives (30 chest compressions, 2 rescue breaths)

Video resources

Sites like YouTube offer a wide variety of resources, such as videos on how to perform a layup in basketball or how to do a particular dance, yoga workouts, and inspirational videos. Educators should always view the video prior to instruction to make sure it is appropriate. Teachers can also create videos of their classes to generate instructional videos or use as an assessment tool.

Calming space

Space that features very little auditory and visual stimuli.

SMART goals

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Timely

Lower body common exercises

Squats, lunges, pistol squats, front squats, Bulgarian split squats, deadlifts, leg presses, calf raises, walking lunges, reverse lunges, kettlebell swings, jump squats, and glute bridges

Students must master what in order to master locomotor and object control skills?

Stability

Helpful tips regarding stretching

Static stretching is not recommended for warming up. Instead, save static stretching for a cool-down or after the body has warmed up. Low-intensity, dynamic movements are ideal for a warm-up. Do not overstretch muscles. Always stop at a comfortable point and hold the stretch for approximately 15 seconds. Do not bounce (ballistic) when stretching.

Overhead

Striking an object that is above the head

underhand

Striking an object that is below the waist

criterion-referenced test

Student's performances are compared to a criterion, or standard.

Differentiation

Students have individual needs that must be addressed to ensure mastery. As lessons are taught, the teacher must be aware of how the students are comprehending the information.

Nutrients

Substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy

Examples of summative assessment

Tests, midterm exams, papers, performance assessments, and standardized tests, Post skills tests, portfolios, class projects, journals, fitness logs, and skill labs

"All Natural" marketing claims

The FDA has not yet defined what this encompasses, so companies can use it however they choose to convey the message that their product is straight from the earth and free from harmful ingredients. However, this labeled food can have genetically modified ingredients and preservatives and be pure junk food. It's best to check the ingredients list to know exactly what is in the item before choosing whether or not to consume it.

Emotional factors effect on motor development.

The ability of children to control their emotions, react to their environment, and respond to a situation plays a role in motor development. If children are unable to regulate their emotions they will likely be exposed to fewer opportunities for motor development.

Social factors effect on motor development

The ability to get along with others play a role in motor development. The more social opportunities that children are exposed to, the more experiences they will participate in. For instance, play provides children opportunities to practice social skills, acknowledge the feelings of others, and resolve conflicts. Children with strong social skills are more likely to interact with others in situations that advance their motor development.

Physical response to aerobic exercise (jogging, running, walking, swimming, cycling, low intensity of longer periods of time)

The heart begins beating faster, increasing oxygen circulation through the working muscles of the body. The breathing rate gets faster in order to take in more oxygen to keep the activity going. The more regularly one practices aerobic activity, the more efficient the body becomes at utilizing oxygen in the body. This allows a person to maintain the same intensity of exercise while feeling less tired. The body releases endorphins, which produce an overall sense of well-being.

Don Hellion's model for teaching personal and social responsibility to students through physical activity

The model is designed to assist students in becoming more reflective and thinking about the personal and social decisions they make. The goal is to move students away from the all-about-me mentality to one of community.

Mature gait cycle

The stance phase and the swing phase

Green zone

The student has very little or no asthma symptoms. Peak flow readings are at 80% or more of the student's personal best peak flow number.

Red zone

The student is experiencing severe asthma symptoms and needs immediate medical attention. Peak flow readings are less than 50% of the student's personal best peak flow number. They will need to use a rescue inhaler to open the airways.

Yellow Zone

The student is experiencing worsening symptoms. Peak flow readings are between 50% and 79% of the student's personal best peak flow number. The student will most likely need to use their rescue inhaler.

Doping

The use of drugs or other substances for performance enhancement

important that the physical education teacher consider additional factors relevant to their situation, including:

Time, student ability and needs, environment, equipment, facilities, community resources,

how to improve your team sports performance

Train with movements, exercises, and skills that are specific to the sport you are trying to improve Enhance your flexibility to prevent injury and increase range of motion in movements Strengthen your core muscles Eat healthy, nutrient-rich meals that fuel the body Hydrate properly and regularly Practice skills specific to the sport Practice game-like situations Listen to your body and provide rest when necessary Include cross-training in one's fitness plan and incorporate cardio, strength, and flexibility activities Continually adapt your plan based on your needs, skill level, and goals

2 years fine motor skills

Turns pages of a picture book, one at a time

3. Strategy that helps create an inclusive curriculum for ELLs

Understand how cultural differences are reflected in language. Words like "football" have different meanings around the globe, for instance. American football is quite different from what the rest of the world calls football. To many of these countries, "football" is "soccer".

forehand

Use dominant hand on dominant side to strike an object

Backhand

Use dominant hand on non-dominant side to strike an object

2. Strategy that helps create an inclusive curriculum for ELLs

Use printed or electronic visual aids (including flashcards and infographics) to illustrate activities. When possible, incorporate the ELL's native language into the imagery to help aid in understanding. These can be found online or created in collaboration with ELL teachers.

fat soluable vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, K. Stored in the body's cells and are not excreted as efficiently as water-soluble vitamins, though adequate amounts are still needed. If consuming too much, they can become toxic

2-3 years gross motor skills

Walks up and down stairs using one foot per step. Stands on one foot without support

18 months gross motor skills

Walks without help. Stands without support.

Safety tips for outdoor activities

Wear layered clothing to adjust to weather changes such as cold, warmth, wind, and rain Have first aid supplies with you at all times Pack water and food Wear sunscreen Stay on the planned course and understand how to look for landmarks or call for help if lost Do not drink untreated water in nature Be aware of animals and plants that can be dangerous

joint specific

What flexibility is. Meaning, an individual may have flexible hips, but tight shoulders.

Shifting weight (striking)

When making contact, shift weight from the back foot to the front foot.

Accessibility

While some Americans live near grocery stores filled with healthy whole foods and produce, others living in low-income environments aren't as lucky, leading them to select processed items regularly. Low-income areas also can be lacking in opportunities for education on healthy eating practices, as well as in safe physical activity options.

Required for grades 3-12

Yearly physical fitness assessment

Discrete skill

a brief, specific skill with a clear starting and stopping point. A penalty kick in soccer or a pass in football are examples

Skinfold thickness

a caliper is used to measure the thickness of the subcutaneous fat in the body in the abdomen, arms, buttocks, thighs, and the subscapularis muscle (the triangular muscle in front of the shoulder joint). These measurements estimate total body fat with a relatively small margin of error.

Overtraining

a chronic condition that refers to imbalances in training and rest that decrease performance and require a long time period of rest to complete the recovery process. The symptoms are more severe and may include reduced energy, insomnia, malaise, an elevated heart rate, and an increased risk of illness or injury. Daily life is likely to be affected by fatigue and irritability. Typically takes weeks or months to recover from and often includes a full break from training.

Title IX of Education Amendments of 1972

a federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded educational program or activity. It is important that physical education teachers do not discriminate based on gender and provide equitable opportunities for all.

Creative movement

a form of dancing using rhythmic, patterned, or improvised body movements. Typically involves music, but it is a form of nonverbal communication and self-expression.

BMI

a measure of body weight relative to height

Active listening

a method of communication that focuses on mutual understanding to prevent confusion. There are three components: attending, listening, responding

flight phase (running)

a period of time where both feet leave the ground

Vegetables

a plant or part of a plant that can be eaten as food. A variety, especially those green, red, orange should be eaten. 5 servings a day.

center of gravity

a point in the body where the weight is evenly dispersed and all forces acting on the body equal zero. The center of gravity moves body position, and individuals can improve their stability by lowering their center of gravity. Example: Skaters keep a low center of gravity by bending their knees to improve their stability and control while skating.

Whole practice

a practice strategy that involves practicing a skill in its entirety. best utilized for low complexity skills that have a high interdependence on other parts.

Risk management

a program that analyzes potential risks, identifies where accidents or injuries to students could occur, and creates a plan for dealing with them. There are typically four stages: identifying risk, analyzing risks, fixing the risks, and developing a plan for emergencies.

signs and symptoms of balance issues

a sense of motion or spinning, feelings of faintness or lightheadedness, a loss of balance, vision changes, and confusion.

sensory circuits

a series of short physical exercises that help students become focused on their mind-body connection, and in turn, more focused in their academic work and social interactions

Benefits of regular exercise and movement

a stronger heart, toned muscles, better sleep, and a lowered risk of chronic diseases, and endorphins released

Aerobic system

a system with a slower rate of resynthesizing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) than other systems. Uses fats, carbohydrates, and proteins for resynthesizing ATP for energy use. It is ideal for endurance athletes because it resynthesizes ATP slowly, but not for intense workouts that need quick production of ATP.

Peer teaching

a teaching and learning strategy in which students teach other students. Involves cooperative learning, modeling, and sometimes student assessment.

Health and fitness games

a tool for teaching students about health and fitness topics through intriguing and enjoyable games. Topics that might be addressed through these include nutrition, food groups, intensity levels, heart rate, and the components of fitness.

Common asthma triggers

allergens (pollen, animal dander, mold, etc.), irritants (strong chemical smells, perfumes, chalk dust, air pollutants, cigarette smoke, etc.), respiratory illnesses such as colds and the flu, strong emotional expressions (laughing or crying very hard), rapid changes in weather or exposure to cold air, and exercise, especially running or playing hard in cold weather.

Plyometric training

also known as jump training, involves exercises that allow a muscle to reach maximal force in short intervals. Short and explosive and involve exercises like jumps, hops, and bounds.

movement exploration

an active-learning strategy that helps students use their bodies to develop various skills and concepts, including hand-eye coordination, spatial awareness, and balance.

Hiking

an activity that involves long, sometimes vigorous walks. Excursions may involve taking trips to local sites such as gorges, waterfalls, or mountain ranges, or simply exploring the land near the school.

Presidential Youth Fitness Program (PYFP)

an assessment that focuses on providing information on student health based on FitnessGram or Brockport Physical Fitness Test results

Stretch shortening cycle

an eccentric, active stretch of a muscle followed by an immediate concentric, shortening of the same muscle. Typically observed during jumping.

Google classroom

an online learning platform that allows students to lead discussions, collaborate on group projects, complete and submit assignments, and ask questions. Teachers are able to provide feedback to students using the private comment feature. Google Classroom is paperless and easily accessible.

Geocaching

an outdoor activity that is similar to a scavenger hunt and that involves using global points systems (GPS) to follow coordinates to hide and seek geocache containers

examples of performance enhancing drugs

anabolic steroids hormone and metabolic modulators growth hormones beta-2 agonists glucocorticoids beta-blockers

Team sport

any sport in which individuals are grouped into a team and compete against an opposing team with the goal of winning. Members of the team must work together, communicate, and solve problems to work toward their shared objectives for the sport. The shared objectives typically involve manipulating the movement of a ball or object in order to score points.Ex: basketball, volleyball, softball, football

Google forms

are useful for data collection, surveys, fitness testing results, posting videos, and quizzes. The calendar feature can be used to post upcoming events. Free online tool.

Preserve life

assess the scene for danger; the victim may require CPR.

how long should adults exercise

at least 150 minutes (two and a half hours) of moderate-intensity exercise or 75 minutes (one hour and 15 minutes) of high-intensity exercise per week

AED

automated device that is easy to use and delivers a therapeutic electric shock to the heart of a victim who has just suffered sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). These devices can be found mounted on the walls of schools and public buildings, ready to use in case of emergency.

Spatial awareness

awareness of oneself and other objects in space. Includes understanding the relationships of objects when there is a change in position. Is a skill acquired by children as they age. Children with problems with this have problems determining distances and tend to struggle with visual perception. May be clumsy, bump into things, or stand too close to others.

To master stability, you must maintain and acquire what?

balance

students who are not motivated tend to

be disengaged in the classroom, have a harder time paying attention, and have a negative impact on the classroom atmosphere.

Movement education model

been around since the early 1800s and focuses on the four body concepts: body, space, effort, and relationships. Highlights the knowledge and skills necessary to perform basic body movements that serve as a foundation for application in exercise, games, and sports. The movement education model is typically used in elementary settings.

examples of muscular strength

bench press, leg press, and squat. Plyometric training, also known as jump training, involves exercises that allow a muscle to reach maximal force in short intervals.

Where are carbs found

breads, grains, fruits, starchy vegetables, and sugars.

Digestive system

breaks down food that is eaten through physical and chemical reactions, then either absorbs it (small intestine) or passes it from the body (rectum) Ex: stomach

Aspartame

calorie-free artificial sweetener that is commonly used in diet drinks, juices, and sugar-free products. Has been linked to weight gain and increased risk for type 2 diabetes in overweight individuals.

knowledge of biomechanics

can assist physical education teachers to develop a better understanding of the human body to help students improve their performance in sports and physical activities, decrease injury risks, and promote safety.

QR codes

can be linked to videos that provide instructions on technique, exercises, information on using fitness equipment, identifying bones or body parts, or links to integrative math problems. Teachers can easily create their own

Tablets

can be utilized as a video camera to record student performance. The video can be played back to analyze, critique, and improve student performance. Students can also use them to record a choreographed dance or gymnastics routine that can be used as an assessment.

Student owned devices

can be utilized by teachers at the middle and high school level for a variety of teaching tools such as apps, QR codes, scavenger hunts, workout videos, and more. Educators should check with the administration to make sure using this is approved prior to instruction.

Robots

can be utilized for a wide variety of strategies, including creating working joints, measuring distances traveled or jumped, integrating classroom curriculum, STEM projects, and strengthening cooperation when working with others.

Pedometers

can be utilized to measure steps and track physical activity for a wide range of ages, and in creating custom goals for students.

Technology in PE

can benefit students, create fun classes for a wide range of fitness levels, assess student performance, and enhance cross-curricular engagement.

Apps on tablets

can provide a plethora of resources for physical education teachers. From apps that involve video analysis to workouts, the possibilities are nearly endless.

Healthy oils from plants

canola, corn, olive, peanut, safflower, soybean, and sunflower, nuts, seeds, seafood, olives, and avocados. The USDA recommends only 5-7 teaspoons per day for adults.

SEM uses roles

captain, statistician, fitness instructor, manager, referee, scorekeeper, and cheerleader.

6 types of nutrients

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water

Physical education can potentially trigger students with emotional and behavioral disorders. What can keep destructive behaviors at bay?

carefully planned instruction that emphasizes cooperation instead of competition

Exercises to improve posture

child's pose, forward fold, cat and cow, chest openers, side and high planks, downward-facing dog, pigeon pose, spine rotation, and glute squeezes.

The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)

community of individuals that make up the world's largest organization in sports medicine, exercise science, and the promotion of physical activity.

ipsative-referenced assessments

compare a student's current performance in an activity with their previous performance in the same activity. focused on accomplishing personal goals, no competition with others.

Swing phase

comprises approximately 40% of the gait cycle, begins when the foot leaves the ground after toe-off and is propelled forward. It ends when the foot reestablishes contact with the surface. During this phase, the body's mass is transferred from one limb to another.

Stance Phase

comprises approximately 60% of the gait cycle, occurs when a limb is on the ground and bearing weight. The stance phase consists of three steps: contact, mid stance, ,and propulsion

Verbal cues

consist of words, phrases, or sentences that describe concepts or skills. cues can improve learning by increasing student attention, comprehension, and retention of skills. Cues should be relevant, concise, and accurate.

low intensity exercise

constant moving that raises the heart rate slightly above resting but stays low enough for the participant to maintain full conversations and keep the movement going over an extended period of time before tiring. It benefits the heart, lungs, muscles, skeletal system. Some examples of low-intensity exercise include slow walking, slow biking, and light dancing.

How exercise helps self-discipline

controlling your actions and reactions. When setting goals it is important to create a plan with achievable and measurable goals and not constantly worry about mistakes and minor setbacks.

Volleying

coordinating various body parts to strike an airborne ball or object.

3-4 years fine motor skills

copies or draws a complete circle. Cuts a line across a paper with small scissors.

2-3 years fine motor skills

copies or draws small vertical lines. Cuts with small scissors

Mental factors that influence health

coping skills, attitude, outlook on life (positive or negative), and mental health disorders. Learning to be resilient and positive through life's ups and downs helps individuals continue moving in a positive direction in life.

Adapted Physical Education courses

created to help students with developmental disabilities learn the necessary skills for physical fitness, wellness and engaging in sports and other recreational activities

Nervous system

detects and processes information and activates body responses to that information Ex: brain

one of the greatest keys to academic success is

differentiation

6-7 years fine motor skills

draws detailed and complex shapes and pictures. Uses all eating utensils appropriately

Amphetamines

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

Direct instruction

eacher-led, with the instructor at the front of the room providing the needed information on a concept. The teacher is seen as the sole expert in the room. There is very little student interaction or hands-on learning. The typical format is a lecture or demonstration, but watching a video or reading with a guide of what information to extract is also included in this method. Typically all students are performing the same task at the same time, which can be efficient and good for introducing new skills, but which makes it hard for teachers to provide feedback and differentiate for students.

Benefits of team sports

engaging in physical activity for the body attaining fitness goals learning sportsmanship and respect learning leadership skills learning discipline and responsibility supervision provided by coaches rules to follow safety and fairness increased self-esteem social interaction learning time management

Cooperative Games

entail players working together to solve challenges while building teamwork and communication skills. Should be challenging yet fun to encourage participation from everyone. Parachute activities are often used to practice cooperative skills.

water

essential for multiple body functions, including maintaining homeostasis in the body, transporting nutrients to cells, and removing waste from the body. Beverages and high water-content foods supply the body with this.

What do students need to master motor skills and improve their development?

explicit instruction and feedback

life factors that influence health

family/friend relationships, financial stability, and work/life balance. Being surrounded by healthy and financially stable individuals or family members generally promotes healthy behaviors. Parents who are able to work a steady job and still be present for daily life activities and significant moments teach their children the importance of balance.

The fitness education model

focuses on teaching the importance of a physically active lifestyle. Highlights physical activity, skills necessary to perform specific exercises, and how to maintain fitness plans. Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility serve as a basis when planning. Also more common in middle and high schools.

unsaturated fats

found in a variety of foods, including planted-based foods and oils. Eating these fats can decrease the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

activities that help proprioceptive and vestibular systems

gymnastics, dance, and athletics.Sensory Circuits. Activities like swinging and rocking back and forth support the vestibular system, while resistance activities (push-ups, supporting one's weight with the elbows by lying on the floor, etc.) help develop the proprioceptive system

examples of movement exploration

having students use their bodies to mimic various objects, shapes, and animals and playing movement games that allow students to develop locomotor, non-locomotor, and manipulative skills.

how exercise helps self-awareness

helps individuals understand themselves and be more mindful of their feelings, stress levels, and emotions.

PE teacher liability and legal risks

high due to large class sizes and movement

Examples of muscular endurance

holding a plank or doing sit ups for a continuous period

Sports Etiquette

how a player or team should behave during sports or a game.

Preparation and providing care

imperative that physical education teachers have the proper training to provide care and an emergency action plan is in place for injuries that occur. It is recommended that physical education teachers be certified in first aid, CPR, and AED. Furthermore, the first aid kit and defibrillator should be regularly inspected to ensure they are stocked and working properly in case of an emergency. An emergency action plan and an emergency team should be in place to respond to severe injuries or medical situations. Established communication plans and assigned roles for teachers and administrators should be established, reviewed regularly, and practiced. All injuries should be documented and recorded and parents should be informed to prevent further issues or liability concerns.

Social benefits to physical activity

improvements in self-image, confidence, and leadership skills, while decreasing anxiety. The team-building component of sports and sports teams helps students learn to cooperate and problem-solve with others, which increases confidence levels and conflict management skills.

Omega 3 rich foods

include fish, nuts, and vegetable-based oils, promote health

cross-curricular content

incorporating other subject areas such as reading and math into instruction

Saturated fats

increase inflammation in the body

anabolic steroids

increase muscle mass

endurance

individual's ability to sustain prolonged periods of exercise. Depends on the respiratory and circulatory systems to supply energy to the working muscles for sustained activity.

Common endurance training programs

interval training long, slow distance training pace/tempo training circuit training strength training

Dynamic stretching

involve moving a joint through its full range of motion. Examples include arm circles, leg swings, high knees, and the carioca drill. Should be done before athletic activity or strength training sessions.

nonlocomotor skills

involve moving the body while remaining stationary

Net and wall games

involve players or teams trying to score by hitting a ball or object onto their opponent's side that is unreturnable. Attacking skills, offense, and defense are skills practiced. Common examples include volleyball, tennis, pickleball, and badminton.

Target games

involve players throwing or striking a ball or object at a target and attempting to get closer than their opponent. Common games include bocce, golf, bowling, and archery.

Self-assessments

involve students in evaluating their own work and learning. key in students taking responsibility for their own learning and actions, becoming aware of their strengths and weaknesses, and setting personal goals for growth

Universal precautions

involve utilizing appropriate, non-porous tools such as gloves, goggles, and face shields to protect oneself and avoid exposure to blood-borne pathogens. When providing care that involves blood, bodily fluids, broken skin, or mucus, individuals should utilize personal protective equipment (PPE). Individuals should assume that everyone they are providing care to is infected as a means of protecting themselves.

Fine motor skills

involved in the smaller movements that use the small muscles of the hands, wrists, fingers, feet, and toes. Mastery of fine motor skills requires high degree of control, precision, and coordination.

Ballistic stretching

involves bouncing or jerking muscles around, which is not good for the body. Can result in muscle contraction, tear ligaments, or sever tendons.

motor task analysis

involves breaking a skill down into various parts so that each part can be mastered prior to performing all parts together.

Dribbling

involves controlling a ball with either the hands (as in basketball) or the feet (as in soccer).

Static stretching

involves gradually moving into a stretch and holding it for 10-60 seconds. Recommended for after exercise and 3-4 times per week. Is particularly helpful after a workout to increase range of motion, move out lactic acid that has built up in the muscles, and speed up recovery.

Cathcing

involves receiving and controlling an object being propelled toward a person. A mature pattern includes six steps

Skill-related fitness

involves skills that will improve one's performance in athletic or sports events. There are six components of skill-related fitness: agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, speed

Punting

involves striking an airborne ball with the foot.

Cooperative learning

involves students working together to achieve an instructional goal. All students involved should work together, contribute toward the accomplishment of the goal, and be held accountable for their actions during the process.

Kinesthetic feedback

involves the teacher manipulating the individual so they can experience the "feel" of the proper form. For example, moving a student's arms to show them how to swing a baseball bat.

Hitting

involves using a piece of equipment to apply force to an object and move it through the air or on the ground.

Negative side effects of amphetamines

irritability, insomnia, tremors, dizziness, confusion, and other health issues. Furthermore, amphetamine use can numb an athlete's ability to sense injury or pain, which is extremely dangerous.

Midstance

lasts from flat foot to heel lift(in which the heel leaves the floor). In midstance, the total surface of the foot is in contact with the walking surface.

contact

lasts from heel strike (the moment the walker's heel strikes the ground) to flat foot (when the walker's foot is flat on the ground, absorbing the shock of landing and adjusting the surface irregularities).

Proteins

lean meats and poultry, seafood, eggs, legumes, soy products, nuts, and seeds. Recommended 2-6 oz a day.

Recovery role (running)

legs are in this during running. Not making contact with the ground.

Height-weight ration

list of healthy and unhealthy weight ranges based on a child or teen's age, gender, and height.

6 month fine motor skills

looks at and reaches for faces and objects. Picks up a rattle or toy with one hand.

Warm ups should consist of

low-impact cardiovascular activities and include dynamic stretching

Heart rate monitors

measure a student's pulse while participating in physical activity. Utilizing this can be useful in assisting educators and students in creating individualized target heart rate goals.

Dairy

milk products produced from the milk of mammals. Milk, cheese, yogurt, soy. Some recommend 3-5 cups of non-fat this a day. Others say it should not be a health food

Proprioceptive system

monitors information about the position of the body that comes from receptors in the muscles, joints, and organs of balance

chasing and fleeing games

most commonly known as tag games. They entail players attempting to tag others and avoid being tagged while moving within a predetermined space.

Gross motor skills

movements that involve the use of large muscles as the legs , arms, and other large body parts

Muscular system

moves body parts working with the skeletal system (ex: leg) or materials (ex: food via intestine, blood via heart) Ex: bicep muscle

Developing body awareness involves

multiple sensory systems.

American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (AAHPERD) AKA (Shape America)

national organization that offers support and assistance to individuals in physical education, recreation, fitness, sports, coaching, health education, and dance.

high levels of fat mass are associated with

numerous negative health outcomes such as heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes.

A balanced diet maximizes

nutrients

Physical factors that influence health

nutrition choices, participation in regular physical activity or lack thereof, regular medical checkups, and sleep quality.

striking and felding games

nvolve two teams that alternate turns in striking an object to try to score and fielding the object and stopping the opposing team from scoring. Examples include baseball, softball, and kickball.

Strokes

occur when blood supply to parts of the brain is cut off

The Mayo Clinic

offers a wide variety of health and medical information, providing both patient education as well as a medical professional reference.

WebMD

offers vital information on medication and supplements, illnesses, and medical news. Also offers a symptom checker, allowing one to enter existing symptoms and find potential causes and a physician directory.

Assessing students in stations

often easier because teachers are able to assess a few students at a time instead of the entire class.

Is shooting a basketball a closed or open skill?

often learned as a closed skill, and then transition to being used as an open skill, such as shooting during an actual game.

Videotaped analysis

often used to increase performance. A video of a student's performance provides the student with a visual of their own performance. Teachers or coaches providing video of student performance serves as feedback to motivate students. Coaches or instructors can also use videos to provide students with a visual of proper steps in instruction.

Reversability

once training is stopped, previous gains in training will be lost. A break in training could result from injury, sickness, or lack of motivation. It is common for muscles to weaken and endurance to decrease quickly during brief breaks.

summative assessments

overall assessment that evaluates student learning and occurs at the end of a time period, unit, semester, or year.

Variety of tests in fitness gram

pacer, one-mile run, one-mile walk, trunk extensor, sit and reach, push-ups, curl-ups, and body composition.

When a student's asthma is managed, he should be able to

participate fully in all activities, including vigorous play and exercise

Highly-motivated students tend to

participate more in class, learn more, and have a positive impact on the classroom atmosphere.

Drug abuse can occur in sports for a variety of reasons including:

performance enhancement stress management physical pain relief injury remedy mental illness treatment

9 months fine motor skills

picks up an object with thumb and finger grasp. Transfers objects from one hand to the other

Benefits of good posture

preventing back pain and postural strain, decreasing muscle fatigue, improving breathing and circulation, helping to prevent arthritis and degenerative diseases, contributing to a healthy image, and making one appear self-confident.

Post posture can be caused by

previous injuries, disease, poor muscle tone, stress, lack of flexibility, foot pain, and a sedentary lifestyle

4-5 years fine motor skills

prints first name. Draws a person with at least three body parts

Benefit of outdoor education

promotes active learning and strengthens intellectual and social development. Offers chances to learn vital life skills. Conquer fears, boost confidence. Expand respect for nature and the resources nature provides.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

protects people from health, safety, and security threats and helps prevent the spread of disease. Also provides fact sheets on various health topics and data and statistics related to important illnesses.

integumentary system

protects the internal parts of the body from foreign matter, regulates body temperature, and gets rid of some wastes such as water and salt through perspiration. Ex: skin

Skeletal system

protects the organs, gives the body structure and support, works with the muscular system for movement, and stores essential minerals like calcium Ex: femur

Classroom website

provide a space for teachers to post information about themselves which allows students to connect with their teachers. Contact information can also be included. Teachers can post announcements and events on the calendar. Course information, mission statements, assignments, and a course syllabus can be posted.

Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

provide all students with an equitable, high-quality education and to minimize achievement gaps. Provides more flexibility to states regarding standardized testing.

Benefits of stations in PE

provide lots of time for practice and are great for improving fundamental skills and reviewing previously taught concepts. Less direct instruction so more time for student feedback. Great when their's not enough equipment in class. Provide students with more freedom.

National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE), American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance

provide resources and standards for physical education teachers to utilize

ONline discussion boards

provides a space where people can have discussions by sharing ideas, responding to comments from others, and asking questions. Allow for asynchronous discussions to occur. Can increase the building of a community with peers and instructors in an online environment. They provide opportunities for all students to have a voice, which is beneficial for students who are typically quiet in a classroom setting. Students can express their views, defend positions, and understand various viewpoints in a safe, respected environment.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

provides information on medical drugs, safety alerts, health supplements, brand recalls, and food safety-related issues. Responsible for periodically checking the food safety and drug quality produced by companies all over the United States.

Smart technologies

provides numerous presentation resources for educators that have a classroom equipped with a Smart Board. Smart Boards are beneficial because students can physically interact with the board.

Benefits of small group work

provides opportunities for students to reflect on their learning, how well the group worked together, and what they need to improve on.

Student-centered learning

provides students with opportunities to take an active role in their learning. In physical education classes, students may be provided with a variety of activity choices and can select the most appropriate for their needs and levels of play. F

Waist to hip ration

ratio of waist circumference to the hips' circumference. It is calculated by dividing the waist measurement by the hip measurement. In general, "apple-shaped" individuals who carry more weight around the waist face greater health risks than "pear-shaped" individuals whose weight is concentrated around the hips.

The Council for Exceptional Children (CEC)

recognized leader in advocacy for special education policy and aims to improve public policy affecting students and adolescents with exceptionalities, their families, and the professionals who work with the students.

attributions

refers to the explanations of the causes of certain behaviors and events.

Type

refers to the kinds of exercises being trained. They should be specific to the sport and should increase, so instead of walking, pick up the pace and jog.

wait time

refers to the time teachers give students to think of an answer when responding to a question that has been posed.

Posture

refers to the way your body is positioned when standing or sitting. Goes hand and hand with flexibility

The most common way to alter behavior is to

reinforce certain desired behaviors and provide consequences for others.

Weight-bearing exercises

require significant force to move an object, such as weightlifting, pull-ups, and push-ups, will improve muscular strength.

mature motor patterns

require students to exercise a combination of locomotor, non-locomotor, and/or manipulative skills while also exhibiting body, spatial, and/or rhythmic awareness.

Individuals with Disability Act

requires schools to educate students with special needs with non-disabled students in regular educational settings as much as possible. This includes teaching physical education to special needs students through regular physical education activities.

Listening

requires the listener to consider multiple interpretive possibilities to decode what the speaker is saying.

sportsmanship

respectful, fair, and good-natured behavior during a game or sports activity.

3-4 years gross motor skills

rides around on tricycle using the pedals. Climbs in.out, over/under objects easily .

Examples of peer assessments in PE

rubrics, peer coaching, journaling, observations, and more.

moderate intensity exercise

similar to low-intensity exercise but is performed at a faster pace. This raises the heart and breathing rate enough to make full conversations less comfortable, but a few words at a time are still possible. Moderate intensity exercise benefits the heart, lungs, muscles, skeletal system, and also aids in body fat loss. Some examples include jogging/running, aerobic/spin classes, swimming, cycling, and basic weight lifting.

9 months gross motor skills

sits alone, without support. Rolls from back to stomach

What does the Sport Education Model highlight?

skill development, strategies, and game rules.

Section 504 Plan

spells out the modifications and accommodations that will be needed for special needs students to have an opportunity to perform at the same level as their peers, and might include such things as wheelchair ramps, blood sugar monitoring, an extra set of textbooks, a peanut-free lunch environment, home instruction, or a tape recorder or keyboard for taking notes.

Anaerobic exercises

sprinting or lifting heavy weights are short bursts of exercise so intense that your muscles are temporarily deprived of oxygen. When done correctly, they increase your muscular strength and can decrease body fat.

norm-referenced tests

standardized tests that compare an individual child's score to the average score of others her age. Target is continually changing. Can be harmful to student's self-esteem.

Distributed practice

strategy in which practice is broken into a number of short sessions over a long period of time. Distributed practice is common in physical education since classes are often short.

Part practice

strategy that entails practicing parts of a skill prior to practicing the whole skill. Useful for complex skills.

Progressive-part practice

strategy typically used in multi-part tasks. Students first master part of a skill in isolation prior to learning another part and combining the two skills. Allows skills with the risk of injury to be practiced in a controlled setting before skills are practiced under real conditions and as a "whole."

Indirect instruction

student-led: the teacher is a facilitator and students are discovering new knowledge through investigations and hands-on experiments. Students learn to problem-solve and reach conclusions that they can defend. They also develop the ability to map a concept and connect new ideas with old ones. Provides teachers with more opportunities to provide feedback to individual students, but it is challenging to provide feedback to all students. Student learning is enhanced when feedback is provided to students as they are learning.

Examples of self-assessments

students may give themselves a thumbs-up or thumbs-down on their performance, or they may assess themselves by tapping a chart on the way out of class.More specific by setting a personal record for heart rate or in their pacer test.

Symptoms of stroke

sudden weakness, paralysis in parts of the body, or the inability to speak

A balanced diet limits

sugars, saturated and trans fats, and sodium

Fats

supply the body with energy and increase the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Some are healthier than others.

Grades 9-12 are required to

take a minimum of one physical education credit, but may not take more than four credits in order to graduate from high school.

Hopping

taking off and landing on the same leg. Because it requires students to balance on one foot, it is more difficult than two-footed jumps. In general, students will be better at this on their preferred foot.

Invasion games

team games which involve players from one team moving an object or themselves into another team's goal or territory. Attacking skills, defense, regaining control, and teamwork are skills learned during these. Common examples include football, basketball, soccer, and lacrosse.

lack of flexibility causes

tension buildup in muscles and increases the risk of injury.

stability

the ability of the body to maintain balance and to return to equilibrium after being disturbed. Factors that increase stability include a low center of gravity, a wide support base, and having greater inertia. Example: A lineman in football with a large body size stands with a wide base and a low center of gravity is very stable and it will take a lot of force to move them.

cardiorespiratory endurance

the ability of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to send fuel and oxygen to your tissues during long periods of moderate to vigorous activity

agility

the ability to control and change the position and direction of the body while maintaining a constant, rapid motion. For example, changing directions to kick a soccer ball

Balance

the ability to control body equilibrium in relation to gravity only. Balance can be either static (without movement) or dynamic (moving). Example: A gymnast uses core strength and controlled breaths to hold a handstand without tipping to one side.

Tactile discrimination

the ability to determine information through the sense of touch. Individuals with this can feel the difference between objects. Typically involves fine motor skills. These skills are important when navigating a jungle gym or rock climbing wall.

Temporal Awareness

the ability to judge movement and time. Individuals good at this have strong eye-hand and eye-foot coordination. Essential in performing skills like walking, running, dribbling, hitting balls. Rhythm and sequence skills such as movement activities, dance, and jumping rope involve this.

dynamic balance skills

the ability to maintain a controlled body position while in motion. Activities that require these skills include running, jumping, biking, and skateboarding.

static balance

the ability to maintain a controlled body position with minimal movement while remaining stationary. Activities that require static balance skills include balancing on one foot or performing a handstand.

balance

the ability to maintain control of the body while performing tasks

Power

the ability to move body parts swiftly while applying the maximum force of the muscles. It is a combination of muscular strength and speed. Often we think of football players, gymnasts, and weightlifters as the leaders in this, but all sports benefit from improving this. Workouts that incorporate resistance, speed, and fast-paced training improves it

Speed

the ability to move your body and body parts quickly. Numerous sports require it and count on it to surpass opponents. training varies based on the sport. Interval training is often recommended for improving this.

auditory discrimination

the ability to recognize differences between sounds. Allows individuals to determine similarities and differences between words and sounds, which helps to develop speech and rhythm. Play a role in sound, rhythm , and movement development

Reaction time

the ability to respond quickly to external stimuli. Relies greatly on mind-body connection. key for a soccer goalie reacting to an approaching ball or a sprinter coming off the blocks at the start of a race.

visual discrimination

the ability to see subtle differences in objects, pictures, letters, and numbers. Eye-hand coordination and eye-foot coordination are visual skills that individuals use to guide their movement and are important in motor skills such as catching, kicking, and hitting a ball.

kinesthetic discrimination

the ability to sense changes that involve body movements and muscle feelings. Typically involves the whole body and gross motor skills such as running and jumping.

Balance

the ability to stabilize or control the body when standing or moving to remain upright. Involves knowing where your body is in space and making adjustments to your body as one's center of gravity changes. There are very few sports where this does not play a vital role.

Directional awareness

the ability to understand the concepts of left and right, up and down, top and bottom, front and back, and in and out. Children who struggle with this may have difficulties differentiating left and right, shifting their feet during moment, and even understanding directions.

body awareness

the ability to understand where your body is in space. The muscles and joints of the body send information to your brain about your body and how it moves. It is important to be aware of one's current orientation, location, and position. Individuals with poor body awareness often appear uncoordinated or clumsy or have motor skill development delays.

Coordination

the ability to use the senses together with body parts during movement. This is often referred to as hand-eye coordination since the hands and eyes are used together. Ex: basketball, soccer, golf, football, and archery

An increase in VO2max means

the ability to work at a higher intensity has become less challenging.

self-efficacy

the belief in one's self to accomplish future tasks. These ideas play an important role in the classroom, as students who believe that they have the right tools to accomplish things are more willing to take risks and therefore learn more

During exercises, what does the body do?

the body releases endorphins, which help increase the sense of well-being. In addition to increasing self-confidence, exercise can also help alleviate depression and improve sleep quality.

Carbohydrates

the body's primary source of energy. They also provide fiber, which is essential for healthy digestion and maintaining a healthy blood sugar level.

health literacy

the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to make appropriate health decisions

Fundamental movement skills games

the foundation of physical activity and movement. Locomotor, non-locomotor and manipulative skills are the basis for these games. Animal walks, throwing and catching games, and balancing activities are common fundamental movement skills games.

Maximal Predicted Heart Rate (MPHR)

the highest possible estimated pulse for an individual, calculated by subracting one's age from 220

rotational inertia

the moment of inertia, how hard it is to rotate an object around an axis. This property depends on the mass, shape, and distribution of mass relative to the axis of rotation. Objects with more rotational inertia are more difficult to accelerate rotationally. For example, throwing an 8kg shot put using the rotary technique is less challenging than throwing a 12kg shot put in the same manner.

Extrinsic motivation

the motive for the activity comes from outside the individual.

Resting heart rate

the number of times your heart beats in one minute when you are not active. Normal is 60-100. Physically active and athletic people have it as low as 40

Body composition

the percentage of fat, bone, water, and muscle that make up our bodies

motor development

the physical growth and strengthening of a child's bones, muscles, and the ability to move and touch his/her surroundings.

acceleration

the rate at which an object changes velocity over a period of time.

weight maintenance

the same number of calories necessary for basic metabolic functioning and daily physical activities must be consumed.

Fruits

the sweet, fleshy product of a tree or plant that contains a seed and can be eaten as food. Recommended 4 servings per day

inertia

the tendency of objects to resist changes in their state of motion. The larger the mass of an object, the greater the inertia of that object.

Basal Metabolic Heart Rate

the total number of calories the human body needs while at rest in order to maintain daily metabolic and organ function. This is also known as the metabolism. Number of calories is specific to each individual.

intrinsically motivated

they enjoy the task, they believe the task is important and they desire to do a good job. Don't need incentives

The Texas physical education requirement for pre-kindergarten to fifth grade

thirty minutes per day or at least 135 minutes per week. These time requirements can be achieved through physical education classes or recess.

vestibular system

three semicircular canals that provide the sense of balance, located in the inner ear and connected to the brain by a nerve

Manipulative skills example

throwing, catching, kicking, punting, dribbling, volleying, hitting

5-6 years gross motor skills

throws ball overhand with direction. Catches smaller balls

CPR

to deliver oxygenated blood to the brain of a person who has just suffered cardiac arrest (the heart has stopped beating).

specificity

training should target the individual and their specific sport. For example, a gymnast will not train the same as a volleyball player and a sprinter would train differently than a long-distance runner.

Aerobic conditioning

training the heart and lungs to become more efficient in pumping blood throughout the body and allowing more oxygen to be delivered to organs and muscles during sustained exercise. AKA cardiovascular fitness.

cardiovascular/Circulatory system

transports material (ex: oxygen) throughout the body Ex: Heart

hydrostatic testing

underwater weighing through displacement. Archimedes Principle of water displacement is utilized to measure an individual's total body density. GOLD standard of body composition measurement, but it is expensive and requires high-tech equipment.

Calorie

unit of energy from the food we eat

To improve muscular strength over time

use heavier weights and fewer reps, which will fatigue muscles with each set.

To improve muscular endurance over time

use lighter weights and higher rep counts.

Spreadsheets

useful for the organization, analysis, and storage of data. Can be utilized by physical education teachers for data collection, budgeting, grades, and logging activities or nutritional intake.

Striking

using a piece of equipment to apply force to an object and move it through the air or on the ground.

Kicking

using the foot to apply force to an object on the ground. To kick a ball with accuracy

isometric stretching

utilizes resistance to alternate between relaxing and contracting muscles during static stretches

Integrative gaming systems

video games like Wii Fit, Wii Sports, and Dance Dance Revolution promote physical activity and are great alternatives for bad weather or limited space. Physical education teachers can use these interactive games to tap into students' love of video games and foster exercise that can be continued at home.

Examples of locomotor skills

walking, running, jumping, skipping, leaping, galloping, and sliding

1 year gross motor skills

walks around holding on to objects for support. Crawls on hands and knees

body composition is a more accurate measure of health that what?

weight alone

Sensory processing disorder

which occur when the brain has difficulty processing and responding to sensory information, cover a wide range of conditions and symptoms. Some involve hypersensitivity and others involve reduced sensitivity. In general, students with this might display a lack of coordination, an inability to sense where their limbs are in space, and difficulty engaging with others in conversation and play. Others might respond negatively to bright lights, loud noises, and/or being touched.

Cost of eating healthy

whole foods such as beans, rice, potatoes, lentils, fresh fruit, and vegetables that are in season are all exceptionally healthy and quite inexpensive.