Text Quiz/Exam 2
What was the first and most important of the Great Reforms in Russia?
Abolition of serfdom
After years of scientific investigation and reflection, Charles Darwin concluded that
All life had gradually evolved from a common ancestral origin
Why did Japan open its shores to Western trade?
As a response to U.S. military pressure
Why did socialist parties become more moderate by the late 1800s?
As socialist parties attracted larger numbers of members, they looked more toward gradual change and less toward revolution
How did the electric streetcar affect the urban environment?
Cities could expand as even people of modest means could travel quickly and cheaply to new, improved, and less congested housing
The largest share of European foreign investment went to
European states and North America
After much experimentation, Henry Cort developed the first locomotive.
False
In the nineteenth century, Edwin Chadwick gained fame as a proponent of mass migration to the countryside.
False
Utilitarianism was Jeremy Bentham's idea that social policies should promote the concept of survival of the fittest.
False
In 1850, in what occupational area did the largest number of British people work?
Farming and agriculture
What was the breakthrough implication of Louis Pasteur's work?
Human dietary habits affected immunity to diseases.
What was the results of the Berlin Conference 1884-1885?
It set up the terms for the division of most of Africa among European colonial powers
Who invented the spinning jenny?
James Hargreaves
What was companionate marriage?
Marriage for economic or social reasons
Unlike other political parties, Marxist socialists
Organized themselves into an international organization
The Quadruple Alliance, the nations that defeated Napoleon, included
Russia, Prussia, Austria and Great Britain
The Russian Marxist Vladimir Lenin asserted that imperialism
Signaled the coming decay and collapse of capitalist society.
How did the Ottoman Empire's efforts at reform in the latter half of the nineteenth century undermine the empire's stability?
The reforms created equality before the law for all citizens, which increased religious disputes and split Muslims into secularist and traditionalist camps.
What did Klemens von Metternich and Alexander I️ proclaim at the Troppau Conference in 1820?
Their support for the principle of active intervention to maintain all autocratic regimes whenever threatened
What was the goal of the New Imperialism of the late nineteenth century?
To create large political empires
Between 1815 and 1932, the United States absorbed the largest overall number of European immigrants
True
Charles Fourier, a utopian socialist, envisioned mathematically precise communities called "phalanxes" and also urged the abolition of marriage, free unions based only on love and sexual freedom.
True
In 1849, the revolution in Hungary was brought under the control with the help of 130,000 troops sent by the Russian Empire
True
What was the long-established customs union among the German states?
Zollverein
The typical European immigrant was
a small farmer or rural craftsperson
Karl Marx argued that socialism would be established
by violent revolution
At the Congress of Vienna, the victorious allies
were guided by the principle of the balance of power
The allied powers at the Congress of Vienna were determined to
Avoid the creation of hostility and resentment in France
The tendency to hire family units in the early factories was a government response to urbanization.
False
What benefits could a wife produce at home that could not be purchased in the market?
Improved health, better eating habits and better behavior
How did the building of railroads in Latin America, Asia, and Africa facilitate Western economic interests as opposed to regional economic interests?
Railroad lines connected resource-rich inland cities to seaports to facilitate Western trade but did not link inland cities to each other.
Why was the Frankfurt Parliament in 1849 unable to create a "Greater Germany"?
Determined to maintain its empire, Austria would not agree to a Greater Germany that separated German-speaking lands from non-German territories in the empire
The "Young Turks" were young Republican Congressmen who aided President Teddy Roosevelt enact his Progressive agenda in the early years of the 20th century.
False
The Chartist Movement in Britain in the 1830s and 40s demanded tariffs to keep foreign products from competing with domestic production
False
White-collar workers were set part from other elements of the lower middle class because they were almost all deeply religious.
False
In Great Britain, the Great Reform Bill of 1832
Gave greater representation to the new, industrial areas of the nation
What was the core concept of Social Darwinism?
Genetics provided the mechanism by which favorable characteristics are passed on to future generations.
In their war of independence against the Ottoman Empire, the Greeks ultimately won the support of
Great Britain, France, and Russia
What was the clearest sign that a family was middle class?
Having servants
Owing to the Industrial Revolution, living and working conditions for the poor
Improved only after 1840
What was the key development in the eighteenth century that allowed continental banks to shed their earlier conservative nature?
Industrialization of the continent
What was the function of the Crystal Palace?
It was the location of the Great Exhibition in 1851 in London.
What was a result of improved economic conditions in the nineteenth century?
Married women were not expected to work outside the home.
The Homestead Act, enacted during the American Civil War, gave western land to settlers and reinforced the idea
Of free labor in a market economy
According to the doctrine of laissez faire, the government should intervene in
The economy as little as possible
Who was Theodore Herzl?
The founder of the Zionist Jewish national movement
Cotton transformed the textile industry because it could be spun mechanically with much greater efficiency than wool or flax, helping to solved the shortage of thread for textile production.
True
German Social Democrats recovered their losses in the 1907 election and became the largest party in the Reichstag in 1912 by taking on a more patriotic tone and broadening their base.
True
In almost every advanced country around 1900, the wealthiest 20 percent of households received 50% to 60% of all nat'l income.
True
Jewish immigrants in the 19th century were likely to return to their native homeland because the Ottoman Empire had embraced a more secular governing model and policy of acceptance toward Jews and Christians
True
The British were never able to break China's self-imposed isolation from the rest of the world.
True
The Great Exhibition of 1851 commemorated the industrial dominance of Britain
True
The October Manifesto in the Russian Revolution of 1905 granted full civil rights and promised a popularly elected parliament or Duma
True
The nationalist assertion that every people had a right to control their destiny drove native opponents to European colonial rule in the 19th and early 20th centuries
True
The notorious 19th century forgery "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion" suggested Jewish elders were planning to dominate the globe.
True
Thomas Malthus argued in his Essay on the Principle of Population (1789) that population tends to increase beyond the means of subsistence
True
What did the Mines Act of 1842 prohibit?
Underground work for all women and girls as well as boys under ten
Otto von Bismarck's Kulturkampf refers to his
Attack on the Catholic Church in the German Empire