Text Quiz/Exam 2

What was the first and most important of the Great Reforms in Russia?

Abolition of serfdom

After years of scientific investigation and reflection, Charles Darwin concluded that

All life had gradually evolved from a common ancestral origin

Why did Japan open its shores to Western trade?

As a response to U.S. military pressure

Why did socialist parties become more moderate by the late 1800s?

As socialist parties attracted larger numbers of members, they looked more toward gradual change and less toward revolution

How did the electric streetcar affect the urban environment?

Cities could expand as even people of modest means could travel quickly and cheaply to new, improved, and less congested housing

The largest share of European foreign investment went to

European states and North America

After much experimentation, Henry Cort developed the first locomotive.

False

In the nineteenth century, Edwin Chadwick gained fame as a proponent of mass migration to the countryside.

False

Utilitarianism was Jeremy Bentham's idea that social policies should promote the concept of survival of the fittest.

False

In 1850, in what occupational area did the largest number of British people work?

Farming and agriculture

What was the breakthrough implication of Louis Pasteur's work?

Human dietary habits affected immunity to diseases.

What was the results of the Berlin Conference 1884-1885?

It set up the terms for the division of most of Africa among European colonial powers

Who invented the spinning jenny?

James Hargreaves

What was companionate marriage?

Marriage for economic or social reasons

Unlike other political parties, Marxist socialists

Organized themselves into an international organization

The Quadruple Alliance, the nations that defeated Napoleon, included

Russia, Prussia, Austria and Great Britain

The Russian Marxist Vladimir Lenin asserted that imperialism

Signaled the coming decay and collapse of capitalist society.

How did the Ottoman Empire's efforts at reform in the latter half of the nineteenth century undermine the empire's stability?

The reforms created equality before the law for all citizens, which increased religious disputes and split Muslims into secularist and traditionalist camps.

What did Klemens von Metternich and Alexander I️ proclaim at the Troppau Conference in 1820?

Their support for the principle of active intervention to maintain all autocratic regimes whenever threatened

What was the goal of the New Imperialism of the late nineteenth century?

To create large political empires

Between 1815 and 1932, the United States absorbed the largest overall number of European immigrants

True

Charles Fourier, a utopian socialist, envisioned mathematically precise communities called "phalanxes" and also urged the abolition of marriage, free unions based only on love and sexual freedom.

True

In 1849, the revolution in Hungary was brought under the control with the help of 130,000 troops sent by the Russian Empire

True

What was the long-established customs union among the German states?

Zollverein

The typical European immigrant was

a small farmer or rural craftsperson

Karl Marx argued that socialism would be established

by violent revolution

At the Congress of Vienna, the victorious allies

were guided by the principle of the balance of power

The allied powers at the Congress of Vienna were determined to

Avoid the creation of hostility and resentment in France

The tendency to hire family units in the early factories was a government response to urbanization.

False

What benefits could a wife produce at home that could not be purchased in the market?

Improved health, better eating habits and better behavior

How did the building of railroads in Latin America, Asia, and Africa facilitate Western economic interests as opposed to regional economic interests?

Railroad lines connected resource-rich inland cities to seaports to facilitate Western trade but did not link inland cities to each other.

Why was the Frankfurt Parliament in 1849 unable to create a "Greater Germany"?

Determined to maintain its empire, Austria would not agree to a Greater Germany that separated German-speaking lands from non-German territories in the empire

The "Young Turks" were young Republican Congressmen who aided President Teddy Roosevelt enact his Progressive agenda in the early years of the 20th century.

False

The Chartist Movement in Britain in the 1830s and 40s demanded tariffs to keep foreign products from competing with domestic production

False

White-collar workers were set part from other elements of the lower middle class because they were almost all deeply religious.

False

In Great Britain, the Great Reform Bill of 1832

Gave greater representation to the new, industrial areas of the nation

What was the core concept of Social Darwinism?

Genetics provided the mechanism by which favorable characteristics are passed on to future generations.

In their war of independence against the Ottoman Empire, the Greeks ultimately won the support of

Great Britain, France, and Russia

What was the clearest sign that a family was middle class?

Having servants

Owing to the Industrial Revolution, living and working conditions for the poor

Improved only after 1840

What was the key development in the eighteenth century that allowed continental banks to shed their earlier conservative nature?

Industrialization of the continent

What was the function of the Crystal Palace?

It was the location of the Great Exhibition in 1851 in London.

What was a result of improved economic conditions in the nineteenth century?

Married women were not expected to work outside the home.

The Homestead Act, enacted during the American Civil War, gave western land to settlers and reinforced the idea

Of free labor in a market economy

According to the doctrine of laissez faire, the government should intervene in

The economy as little as possible

Who was Theodore Herzl?

The founder of the Zionist Jewish national movement

Cotton transformed the textile industry because it could be spun mechanically with much greater efficiency than wool or flax, helping to solved the shortage of thread for textile production.

True

German Social Democrats recovered their losses in the 1907 election and became the largest party in the Reichstag in 1912 by taking on a more patriotic tone and broadening their base.

True

In almost every advanced country around 1900, the wealthiest 20 percent of households received 50% to 60% of all nat'l income.

True

Jewish immigrants in the 19th century were likely to return to their native homeland because the Ottoman Empire had embraced a more secular governing model and policy of acceptance toward Jews and Christians

True

The British were never able to break China's self-imposed isolation from the rest of the world.

True

The Great Exhibition of 1851 commemorated the industrial dominance of Britain

True

The October Manifesto in the Russian Revolution of 1905 granted full civil rights and promised a popularly elected parliament or Duma

True

The nationalist assertion that every people had a right to control their destiny drove native opponents to European colonial rule in the 19th and early 20th centuries

True

The notorious 19th century forgery "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion" suggested Jewish elders were planning to dominate the globe.

True

Thomas Malthus argued in his Essay on the Principle of Population (1789) that population tends to increase beyond the means of subsistence

True

What did the Mines Act of 1842 prohibit?

Underground work for all women and girls as well as boys under ten

Otto von Bismarck's Kulturkampf refers to his

Attack on the Catholic Church in the German Empire