The Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
Zero population growth (ZPG)
A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.
Population density
A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land
Population pyramid
A model used in population geography to show the age and sex distribution of a particular population.
Population pyramid
A population pyramid, also called an "age-gender-pyramid", is a graphical illustration that ... However, population pyramids will be defined as the following: stationary, expansive, or constrictive.
Demographic transition model
A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.
Industrial Revolution
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
Activity Space
Activity space, defined as "the local areas within which people move or travel during the course of their daily activities", is a measure of individual's spatial behaviour which captures individual and environmental differences and offers an alternative approach to studying the spatial reach of travellers.
Age-sex distribution
Age-Sex Structure The composition of a population as determined by the number or proportion of males and females in each age category. The age-sex structure of a population is the cumulative result of past trends in fertility, mortality, and migration. ... See also population pyramid.
Agricultural Density
Agricultural density is defined as the number of farmers per unit area of farmland.
Epidemiology
Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people.
Chain migration
Chain migration is a term used by scholars to refer to the social process by which migrants from a particular town follow others from that town to a particular destination. The destination may be in another country or in a new location within the same country.
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
Crude Death Rate (CDR) : # of deaths per 1,000 persons in a population over a given period of time (i.e. 1 year). CDR is calculated in the same way as for CBR, but with deaths instead of births as the numerator. Ranges of CDR: Least Developed: 14.9.
Distance decay
Distance decay is a geographical term which describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions. The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases.
Ecumene
Ecumene is a term used by geographers to mean inhabited land. It generally refers to land where people have made their permanent home, and to all work areas that are considered occupied and used for agricultural or any other economic purpose.
Thomas Malthus
Eighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production.
Epidemiologic Transition
Epidemiological Transition is a theory which "describes changing population patterns in terms of fertility, life expectancy, mortality, and leading causes of death.
Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study (scientific, systematic, and data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified populations (neighborhood, school, city, state, country, global).
exponentially
Extremely rapid increase.
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
Infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of deaths per 1,000 live births of children under one year of age. The rate for a given region is the number of children dying under one year of age, divided by the number of live births during the year, multiplied by 1,000.
Carrying Capacity
Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support
Life expectancy
Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average (see below) time an organism is expected to live, based on the year of its birth, its current age, and other demographic factors including gender.
Medical Revolution
Medical Revolution. Definition. Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa.
Medical Revolution
Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.
Neo-Malthusian
Neo-Malthusian is the advocacy of human population planning to ensure resources and environmental integrities for current and future human populations as well as for other species.
Population distributions
Population distribution means the pattern of where people live. World population distribution is uneven. Places which are sparsely populated contain few people. ... Sparsely populated places tend to be difficult places to live.
S-Curve
S-curve is defined as: "A display of cumulative costs, labor hours or other quantities plotted against time. The name derives from the S-like shape of the curve, flatter at the beginning and end and steeper in the middle, which is typical of most projects.
Cotton Belt
The Cotton Belt is a region of the Southern United States where cotton was the predominant cash crop from the late 18th century into the 20th century. Before the ...
Demographic transition model
The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is based on historical population trends of two demographic characteristics - birth rate and death rate - to suggest that a country's total population growth rate cycles through stages as that country develops economically.
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, now also known as the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
J-curve
The J Curve is an economic theory which states that, under certain assumptions, a country's trade deficit will initially worsen after the depreciation of its currency—mainly because higher prices on imports will be greater than the reduced volume of imports.
Sustainability
The ability to keep in existence or maintain. A sustainable ecosystem is one that can be maintained
Activity Space
The area within which people move freely on their rounds of regular activity
total fertility rate
The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.
Life expectancy
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
The crude birth rate (CBR) is equal to the number of live births (b) in a year divided by the total midyear population (p), with the ratio multiplied by 1,000 to arrive at the number of births per 1,000 people.
Dependency ratio
The dependency ratio is an age-population ratio of those typically not in the labor force and those typically in the labor force It is used to measure the pressure ...
Distance decay
The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.
Doubling time
The doubling time is time it takes for a population to double in size/value. It is applied to population growth, inflation, resource extraction, consumption of goods, compound interest, the volume of malignant tumours, and many other things that tend to grow over time.
Dependency ratio
The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force
Doubling time
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.
Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.
Ecumene
The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.
Epidemiologic Transition
The process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
Population explosion
The rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase
Natural increase rate (NIR)
The rate of natural increase refers to the difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths occurring in a year, divided by the mid-year population of that year, multiplied by a factor (usually 1,000). It is equal to the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate.
Agricultural Density
The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
Demography
The scientific study of population characteristics.
Cotton Belt
The term by which the American South used to be known, as cotton historically dominated the agricultural economy of the region. The same area is now known as the New South or Sun Belt because people have migrated here from older cities in the industrial north for a better climate and new job opportunities.
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society.
Arithmetic Density
The total number of people divided by the total land area.
J-curve
This is when the projection population shows exponential growth; sometimes shape as a j-curve. This is important because if the population grows exponential our resource use will go up exponential and so will our use as well as a greater demand for food and services.
Thomas Malthus
Thomas Malthus was an 18th-century British philosopher and economist noted for the Malthusian growth model, an exponential formula used to project population growth. The theory states that food production will not be able to keep up with growth in the human population, resulting in disease, famine, war, and calamity.
total fertility rate
Total fertility rate (TFR) in simple terms refers to total number of children born or likely to be born to a woman in her life time if she were subject to the prevailing rate of age-specific fertility in the population. TFR of about 2.1 children per woman is called Replacement-level fertility (UN, Population Division).
Overpopulated
When there are too many people in an area relative to the resources and the level of technology available
Zero population growth (ZPG)
Zero population growth, sometimes abbreviated ZPG is a condition of demographic balance ... A loosely defined goal of ZPG is to match the replacement fertility rate, which is the average number of children per woman which would hold the ...
S-Curve
a curve that depicts logistic growth; shape of an "S." The leveling off of a J-Curve exponential growth.
Age-sex distribution
a model used in population geography that describes the ages and number of males and females within a given population; also called a population pyramid
Population explosion
a sudden, large increase in the size of a population.
Epidemic
a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
Sustainability
avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance.
Mortality
death rate
Population distributions
descriptions of locations on the Earth's surface where individuals or groups live
Neo-Malthusians
group who built on Malthus' theory and suggested that people wouldn't just starve for lack of food, but would have wars about food and other scarce resources
Arithmetic Density
he population density measured as the number of people per unit area of land.
Mortality
he state of being subject to death.
Chain migration
migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there
Emigration
movement of individuals out of a population
Population density
n the U.S., population density is typically expressed as the number of people per square mile of land area. The U.S. value is calculated by dividing the total U.S. population (316 million in 2013) by the total U.S. land area (3.5 million square miles).
Overpopulated
populate (an area) in too large numbers.
Emigration
the act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another; moving abroad.
Brain drain
the emigration of highly trained or intelligent people from a particular country.
Brain drain
the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries
Carrying Capacity
the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.
Natality
the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area
Natality
the ratio of the number of births to the size of the population; birth rate.
Demography
the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.
exponentially
with reference to an increase) more and more rapidly.